防范企业人力资源管理法律风险的机制分析

<中华人民共和国劳动合同法>为企业人力资源的管理设置了基本规范.面对当前企业人力资源管理中常见的法律风险,本文分别从完善组织保障机制、制定企业规章制度的民主化、建立全方位的沟通机制、完善协商调解机制等方面,分析了企业人力资源管理中法律风险的主要防范机制.     

浅议企业培训风险及其防范策略

企业培训总是与风险同时存在的。企业培训的风险按照形成的原因可以分为内在风险和外在风险。其中内在风险包括培训观念风险和培训技术风险,外在风险包括资源流动风险和培训收益的风险。企业可以通过做好培训评估、制定合理的薪金计划、建立人才储备和管理系统以及优秀的企业文化、与竞争对对手合作甚至采取回避等策略来降低企业面临的培训风险。     

会计信息化风险的控制与防范研究

风险的控制和防范,是实现会计信息化风险有效管理的重要环节.本文从会计信息化风险的控制与防范原则出发,构建了包括会计信息化战略风险控制、会计信息技术应用风险控制、会计管理风险控制、人员风险控制和社会风险环境控制的会计信息化风险控制体系,并提出会计信息化风险控制与防范策略:风险回避、风险转移、损失控制和风险自留策略.     

企业人力资源管理外包策略分析

作为人力资源管理的重要组成部分之一,人力资源管理外包策略的实施,对企业人才管理和长远发展起着举足轻重的作用。外包策略虽然可以为企业带来可观的经济利益,但同时也会给企业带来不可估量的风险危机,因此,对于人力资源管理外包策略的使用,应格外注意风险的分析与防范。本文中笔者从企业人力资源管理外包策略的含义、外包策略的意义、外包策略带来的风险以及外包策略的对策等几方面进行探讨。     

项目风险管理机制研究

在项目管理的过程中,风险总是贯穿始终,由于风险的不确定性和不可避免性,在此引入了风险管理.该文分析了项目管理过程中风险的特征,提出要建立良好的风险管理机制,包括风险识别、风险分析与评估,风险应对计划的制定,风险应对控制四个过程,并对这四个过程进行了详细的阐述.     

随机需求下期权采购与预售联合决策研究

市场波动几乎是每一个企业都必须面临的问题.尤其对于产品提前期长而销售期相对较短的零售企业或新产品上市企业来说,市场波动所导致的产品短缺和库存积压为企业的经营带来了巨大的挑战.基于此,如何降低市场波动所带来的风险便成为运营管理领域讨论的热门话题.目前,学术界和企业界提出了许多降低市场波动风险的策略,归纳起来大致有两个方面...     

基于核心能力理论的企业动态危机管理系统的设计

本文从核心能力的角度设计了企业动态危机管理系统,它是以加强和重塑企业核心能力为目标,以企业的危机意识为研究起点,通过分析危机产生的原因和过程,研究企业预防、应对、解决危机的手段和策略的动态循环系统.该动态系统由危机识别、危机预警、核心能力重塑和危机处理四个子系统组成.     

基于价值链管理的会计信息化实施策略——以苏宁电器为例

推动企业实施基于价值链管理的会计信息化,并为其提供可行性实施策略具有现实指导意义.本文以苏宁电器为例分析了成功推进基于价值链管理会计信息化的实施策略包括:服从企业战略的策略、管理层融入策略、组织保证策略、管理理念更新策略、以人为本策略、突出会计控制核心地位策略、持续实施策略、搭建上下游价值链的信息传输系统策略.     

基于BP网络的人力资源管理风险预警模型

基于现有研究成果的局限性,本文将BP网络引入企业的人力资源管理风险预警的研究之中.首先从BP网络本身的特点和我国企业薄弱的基础管理水平两个方面,阐述了将BP网络引入企业人力资源管理风险预警研究的可行性;然后依据对人力资源管理风险内涵的界定、国内外专家的实证研究结果和意见等,将企业人力资源管理风险进行了分类;在此基础上,建立了企业人力资源管理风险预警指标体系,构建了基于BP网络的企业人力资源管理风险预警模型,并对模型进行了训练和测试;最后将其运用到某企业人力资源管理风险预警之中,指出其在判断企业人力资源管理风险状况、分析企业人力资源管理风险的主要来源、提出企业规避人力资源管理风险的对策方面有较大的应用价值.     

刍议企业财务风险成因及其防范

企业外部宏观环境多变、财务管理水平不高、融资结构不合理、投资策略不恰当等因素容易导致企业财务风险。因此,需要建立健全风险预测和防范机制,强化企业风险防范意识,不断优化融资策略,选择合理的投资方式,加强企业风险防范,促进企业效益提高。     

Validating measures of information technology outsourcing risk factors

Outsourcing information technology (IT) operations has been recognized to have important potential benefits, including cost reduction, improved quality of service, and access to technological expertise. Researchers and practitioners also recognize that, in some circumstances, IT outsourcing entails risk, and that it sometimes leads to undesirable consequences that are the opposite of the expected benefits. The main purpose of this study was to validate measures of the risk factors associated with outsourcing IT operations. Insights from transaction costs theory suggest that there exist three major sources of risk factors for IT outsourcing: the transaction, the client and the supplier. From these insights, preliminary measures of IT outsourcing risk factors were developed and data from a survey of 132 IT executives were analyzed with partial least squares to assess their reliability and validity. The results confirm that these factors are useful indicators for assessing IT outsourcing risks.     

不对称信息下信息技术服务外包合同设计

本文针对客户企业向IT供应商外包信息技术服务这一背景,考虑IT供应商不仅具有开发信息系统能力的私有信息,且其开发过程中的努力行为对于客户企业不可见的情况,研究了客户企业信息技术服务外包合同设计问题。研究发现,不对称信息下,客户企业可以通过设计最优合同菜单来甄别不同能力的IT供应商,但是此时客户企业需要向高能力IT供应商支付信息租金。同时,客户企业可以通过设计最优合同有效规制高能力IT供应商系统开发过程中的努力行为,但是相比于信息对称的情况,不对称信息下低能力IT供应商会存在努力不足的现象。低能力IT供应商努力不足的现象会降低社会福利和客户企业的期望利润;客户企业向高能力IT供应商支付信息租金的行为也会减少客户企业的期望利润。增加系统调试阶段的调试时间或者选择信息系统故障检出率高的IT供应商,可以降低高能力IT供应商的信息租金,并缓解低能力IT供应商努力不足的现象,进而减少信息不对称给客户企业带来的利润损失。     

边界跨越对IT外包绩效影响的实证分析

 IT外包组织边界跨越活动的作用日益凸显,而与之相对的是相应研究却不多。在先前的研究中我们发现这一现象确实存在于中国IT外包企业中,因此,本研究通过特别的研究设计,对边界跨越做进一步实证分析。2010年在西安、北京、上海三地的20家IT外包企业进行问卷调查,对回收到的292份有效问卷运用SPSS17.0和AMOS17.0进行统计分析。本研究证实:边界跨越具有很大的灵活性,可以直接或间接影响IT外包绩效;知识共享具有很强的中介作用,边界跨越及与之相关的技术创新和关系规范都通过知识共享的中介作用影响IT外包绩效;边界跨越、关系规范和知识共享对IT外包绩效影响力较强,而技术创新的影响较弱。     

IT外包关系质量研究

建立高效率的关系,对于企业IT外包活动的成功有着重要的影响。营销学中的关系质量概念对于有效衡量IT外包关系以及关系的绩效,起了很强的推动作用。在文献梳理的基础上,通过结合当前研究的最新趋势,对IT外包中的关系质量研究现状做一述评,并在此基础上提出有关管理实践和研究的建议。     

A Path to Successful IT Outsourcing: Interaction Between Service‐Level Agreements and Commitment

Although service‐level agreements (SLAs) are important for IT outsourcing management, appropriate mechanisms for constructing effective SLAs are still poorly understood, leading to inadequate or overcomplicated contracts that are ineffective. This study examines the associations among three distinct sets of SLA characteristics and outsourcing success, as well as the role of commitment in these relationships. Analyzing survey data based on a model theorizing the alignment of SLA characteristics with intended outsourcing objectives, we find that different types of benefits attained through IT outsourcing arrangements are associated with the use of specific contractual dimensions. We also find that commitment, in general, moderates the impact of SLAs on outsourcing success, although the nature of the moderation varies with the different benefits IT outsourcing engagement is intended to achieve. Interestingly, in certain cases—change characteristics for achieving technology benefits, in particular—commitment can be a barrier to the effective use of SLAs in achieving intended outsourcing benefits. As such, our study extends the literature on IT outsourcing, contracting and commitment, as well as provides a general guideline for practitioners to structure effective SLAs and to properly use commitment for managing IT outsourcing engagements to successfully achieve intended benefits.     

Performance Impacts of Strategy,Information Technology Applications,and Business Process Outsourcing in U.S. Manufacturing Plants

This paper develops a conceptual model to study the role of outsourcing strategies and plant‐level information technology (IT) application infrastructure in the outsourcing of production and support business processes, as well as their subsequent impact on overall plant performance. We validate this model empirically using cross‐sectional survey data from U.S. manufacturing plants. We find that some IT applications are more effective at enabling the outsourcing of business processes than others. For example, the implementation of enterprise management systems is associated with the outsourcing of both production and support processes, whereas operations management systems are not associated with the outsourcing of plant processes. Plants with a low‐cost outsourcing strategy are more likely to outsource support processes than plants with a competency‐focused outsourcing strategy. However, both cost‐ and competency‐based strategies have a positive and similar impact on the outsourcing of production processes. In terms of implications for plant performance, our findings indicate that the outsourcing of production and support processes is associated with higher gross margins. Although plant IT infrastructure is positively associated with favorable on‐time delivery rates, there is no positive association between the incidence of plant outsourcing and on‐time delivery rates. These results have implications for crafting plant‐level outsourcing strategies and for investments in IT systems to facilitate the outsourcing of business processes for enhanced plant performance.     

Risks in offshore IT outsourcing: A service provider perspective

Offshore outsourcing of Information Technology (IT) services is the prevalent practice in global businesses today. Despite the strategic advantages and cost benefits that offshore outsourcing offers, outsourcing relationships also involve risks, for both the client, as well as the service provider – a fact that is evidenced by the reported failures of such engagements. Some of the prior researches in this area have focused on identifying various types of client risks and their sources. However, the study of risks from a service provider’s perspective has not received due treatment in literature. This study analyses offshore IT outsourcing risks from the perspective of service providers. A case based approach using the principles of grounded theory was used for studying the risks. Theoretical sampling was used to collect data from 5 mid-tier offshore third party service providers based in Bangalore, India. From our coding and analysis three broad categories of service provider risks emerged, namely, macroeconomic, relationship specific and project specific. Relationship maturity, nature of contract, nature of service or project and nature of client were identified as contextual factors which influence the degree of risk.     

Information Technology in Public Services: Towards the Contractual Organization?

The growing trend towards information technology (IT) outsourcing is analysed within the UK public sector. The paper first details the research findings on factors influencing the degree of success experienced in a range of IT outsourcing deals. These factors are then utilized as a framework for analysing and discussing two case histories—of selective and large-scale IT outsourcing—drawn from different parts of the public sector. Both demonstrate how distinctive public-sector contexts influence the direction and degree of outsourcing. At the same time they highlight a range of managerial and organizational issues raised by moves towards contractual, core competence forms of organizing. Selective outsourcing is revealed as effective provided key decisions and actions are taken. The large-scale outsourcing case raises a number of critical issues not just for how it can be conducted in public-sector contexts, but also about the efficacy of such arrangements in terms of cost savings, possible over-dependence on a few suppliers, and ability to respond flexibly to changing political requirements and legislation.     

Zur Rolle versunkener Kosten in aufeinander folgenden IT-Outsourcing-Entscheidungen

Despite the ongoing theoretical and practical investigations of IT outsourcing, there are still a large number of projects that are unsuccessful or even fail all along the line. Studies in the decision-making literature indicate that psychological effects in the evaluation of decision-relevant facts may be one relevant reason for unsuccessful decisions. By conducting a quantitative empirical study with German IT decision makers, we investigate the influence of non-rational factors within consecutive IT outsourcing decisions. We show that beside the rational economic factors (transaction, production and the rational part of switching costs) also non-rational switching costs in terms of sunk cost do significantly contribute to the explanation of consecutive IT outsourcing decisions. Furthermore, we examine moderating effects that affect the non-rational behavior of IT decision makers. Besides the theoretical contribution to analyze the effects of sunk cost on both an individual and organizational level, we also derive practical implications. In consecutive IT outsourcing decisions, the non-rational behavior triggered by sunk cost can for example be reduced by replacing the decision maker or consult a decision team when sunk cost play a considerable role.