企业集群信任机制的分析

企业集群是某一特定领域内相互联系的公司和机构在地理位置上的高度集中。信任机制是企业集群竞争优势的重要基础。本文分析了企业集群的信任机制的来源,集群信任机制的形成过程以及集群信任机制的博弈过程。最后给出了完善企业集群信任机制的几点措施。     

工业互联网平台、开发商与企业的三方协作演化策略——兼论政府补贴和收益共享的作用

有效把握工业互联网平台相关参与主体间的协作演化机理,揭示不同因素对博弈主体的决策行为的影响,是赋能制造业企业数字化转型以及促进工业互联网有效持续发展的关键。基于此,本文在工业互联网平台和第三方开发商之间引入了收益共享契约,同时考虑政府补贴与企业加入平台的风险成本对工业互联网平台发展的影响,构建了包含制造业企业、工业互联网平台和第三方开发商三个利益相关者的三方演化博弈模型,运用Lyapunov判别法得出不同条件下系统的演化稳定策略,并对不同因素影响下的三方协同策略进行动态仿真分析。结果表明：收益共享比例对第三方开发商是否选择与平台合作具有重要的引导作用;政府对企业的补贴力度与企业加入平台的风险成本不仅影响制造业企业加入平台的积极性,还将影响第三方开发商与平台之间的合作。此外,本文对促使系统演化到不同稳定状态的影响因素的有效区间进行了界定,为制造业企业、工业互联网平台以及第三方开发商的策略选择提供理论参考.     

产业集群赋能平台从何而来：功能开发与信任构建共演的视角

产业集群是实体经济发展的重要形态，量大面广的集群中小企业如何推进数字化转型是现实难点。已有研究指出借助大平台赋能是推进集群中小企业数字化转型的重要路径，但需要追问的是产业集群赋能平台从何而来？对此，本文理论抽样物产中大化工集团进入浙江海宁经编产业集群，构建“经编产业集成服务平台”的案例开展研究，归纳出一条集群外部企业联合集群企业和区域政府共同构建平台的路径。研究发现：产业集群赋能平台构建是功能开发行为与信任构建行为的共演，推动平台螺旋式成长的过程。具体包括“统一平台价值认知”“沉淀平台数据资源”和“挖掘平台数据价值”3个阶段。首先，平台构建以“统一平台价值认知”为起点，通过“平台用户痛点挖掘”和“数据价值主张形成”的功能开发行为，指引推进“制度信任构建”，吸引天使用户加入共创，获取价值反馈；其次，推进“沉淀平台数据资源”，通过“平台数据获取”和“平台数据汇聚”的功能开发行为，形成数字工具，服务“关系信任构建”，进而促进平台与用户共创、强化数据获取的深度；最后，发力“挖掘平台数据价值”，通过“数据驱动效率提升”和“数据驱动业务创新”的功能开发行为，支撑“计算信任构建”，快速提升用户数据规...     

企业网络中的信任机制及信任差异性分析

在网络式组织日益凸现的今天,信任被认为是企业之间合作的基础性建构,相互信任既是网络成员间互利互惠的需要,更是网络健康成长必不可少的行为路径和治理机制。本文对已有的信任观点做了比较、评价之后,在认知、情感以及行为三个维度上重新构建了信任理解的框架,并探讨了信任与合作、人际信任与组织间信任之间的关系;在对信任进行了净功能分析的基础之上,系统地讨论了信任差异性问题。     

电子商务平台企业的卖家竞争管理与平台绩效——基于VAR模型的动态分析

电子商务平台企业对卖家竞争的管理是影响其能否实现从粗放扩张到可持续发展的核心难题。电子商务平台企业是独立于交易双方主体的第三方,本文从平台第三方的角度切入研究客户管理问题,拓展了客户关系管理研究的二元分析范式。借助双边市场理论、动态能力理论与组织生态理论,在VA R模型基础上分析了卖家竞争的广度和深度对平台企业绩效的动态影响,并探讨了平台企业对双边客户的营销策略如何影响卖家竞争结构。研究结果表明,卖家竞争广度能有效拉动平台企业收入,卖家竞争深度的增加短期内有效但长期却起到抵消效应。此外,针对新买(卖)家的营销策略有独特的效果。本文指出平台企业的长期发展需要对商家竞争进行有效控制,均衡自身和商家的利益。     

信任视角下探究我国食品安全治理的新途径

信任是公民社会的基石。信任是以意识与行为的一致性为本质特征,以政府管理、象征标志、专家系统为主要形式的体系构成。然而,食品安全领域中信任的缺失:微观、中观、宏观三个层,导致了食品安全得不到有效的治理,治理机制运作出现"故障"。以信任理论为基本,通过对权力主体问责制的不完善、信息交流制度的缺陷以及专家言论管理体制不健全三个造成我国食品安全信任缺失的主要因素进行分析,最终从权力监管、舆论监督、言论管理三个方面提出对应的信任重构的举措,为我国食品安全信任模式全方位重建打下牢固的基础,较好的解决食品安全问题。     

基于三方演化博弈的新创科技型企业集群网络嵌入机制研究

新创科技型企业嵌入集群网络既是企业快速成长的捷径，也是高技术产业集群提升竞争力的机会。本文构建了新创科技型企业、集群在位企业、政府三方演化博弈模型。分析了三方参与主体的演化稳定策略，并用数值仿真分析进一步验证了博弈结果。研究表明：演化稳定策略受成本、政府扶持力度，激励、惩罚以及各方初始参与意愿的影响；企业嵌入集群网络关注的是网络化优势带来的长久获益，而非单次合作获益；在结网初期，集群在位企业的参与比政府参与更有助于新创科技型企业成功嵌入集群网络；在结网后期，当新创科技型企业和集群在位企业参与意愿较高后，政府可以逐渐退出对企业结网行为的支持。     

教师企业实践中存在的现实矛盾与解决思路

职业学校教师企业实践已形成制度,但实践机制不健全,需搭建第三方监管服务平台,拓宽校企合作渠道,促使实践活动实现学校、企业、教师三方共赢,教师企业实践活动需要完善相关管理、服务以及激励机制,建立教师企业实践安全问题等处理措施。     

商业银行在线支付业务发展现状分析

<正>一、在线支付业务发展现状在线支付是指卖方与买方通过因特网上的电子商务网站进行交易时,银行为其提供网上资金结算服务的一种业务。它为企业和个人提供了一个安全、快捷、方便的电子商务应用环境和网上资金结算工具。目前在线支付主要以第三方支付方式为主。所谓第三方支付,是指和各大银行签约、并具备一定实力和信誉保障的第三方独立机构提供的交易支持平台。在通过第三方支付平台的交易中,买方选购商品后,使用第三方平台提供的账户进行货款支付,由第三方通知卖家货款到达、进行发货;买方检验物品后,就可以通知付款给卖家,第三方再将款项转至卖家账户。由于第三方支付很好的解决了阻碍电子商务发展的在线信任问题,因而得到快速的发展,一大批第     

教师企业实践中存在的现实矛盾与解决思路

职业学校教师企业实践已形成制度，但实践机制不健全，需搭建第三方监管服务平台，拓宽校企合作渠道，促使实践活动实现学校、企业、教师三方共赢，教师企业实践活动需要完善相关管理、服务以及激励机制，建立教师企业实践安全问题等处理措施。     

The Role of Distrust in Offshore Safety Performance

Trust is recognized as a potentially important factor in safety within high-risk industries. However, little detailed empirical research has explored how trust operates in these contexts to influence worker safety performance. The present study addresses this by (i) identifying the target (occupational group) in which trust is most important for good safety, and (ii) establishing the "type" of trust (trust or distrust) with the greatest impact on safety performance. A questionnaire survey of 203 UK offshore gas workers' attitudes of trust and distrust toward four occupational groups (workmates, supervisors, offshore managers, and contractors) and an operating company was conducted. Logistic regression analysis identified attitudes toward offshore management as the strongest predictor of safety performance at an industry level. At an installation level, safety performance was best predicted by attitudes toward contractors and workmates. Further analysis revealed attitudes of distrust as better predictors of safety performance compared to attitudes of trust. These findings suggest that safety professionals should pay more attention to the role of distrust in safety performance. They also suggest that safety initiatives should target attitudes toward specific groups for optimal effectiveness.     

Explicit and Implicit Trust Within Safety Culture

Safety culture is an important topic for managers in high-hazard industries because a deficient safety culture has been linked to organizational accidents. Many researchers have argued that trust plays a central role in models of safety culture but trust has rarely been measured in safety culture/climate studies. This article used explicit (direct) and implicit (indirect) measures to assess trust at a UK gas plant. Explicit measures assessed trust by asking workers to consider and state their attitude to attitude objects. Implicit measures assessed trust in a more subtle way by using a priming task that relies on automatic attitude activation. The results show that workers expressed explicit trust for their workmates, supervisors, and senior managers, but only expressed implicit trust for their workmates. The article proposes a model that conceptualizes explicit trust as part of the surface levels of safety culture and implicit trust as part of the deeper levels of safety culture. An unintended finding was the positive relationship between implicit measures of trust and distrust, which suggests that trust and distrust are separate constructs. The article concludes by considering the implications for safety culture and trust and distrust in high-hazard industries.     

Trust in the Safety of Tourist Destinations: Hard to Gain,Easy to Lose? New Insights on the Asymmetry Principle

According to the asymmetry principle of trust, negative events decrease trust to a much higher extent than positive events increase trust. The study at hand intended to verify whether this notion of asymmetry holds true with respect to trust in the safety of tourist destinations. Thus, in contrast to previous research that analyzed trust asymmetry in the context of involuntary technological risks, the present study evaluates the validity of the asymmetry principle of trust in the context of voluntary tourism risks. The hypothesis that negative or risky information on destination safety (absence of proper safety measures and conditions) has a higher impact on distrust than, conversely, positive or nonrisk information on destination safety (provision of proper safety measures and conditions) has on trust was tested in an online survey ( N = 640). In contrast to the asymmetry pattern found by Slovic (1993) , results of the current work suggest symmetry rather than asymmetry of trust. The presence of proper safety measures and conditions (positive or nonrisk information) was found to have at least the same—and in some cases an even higher—impact on trust than the absence of such measures and conditions (negative or risky information) had on distrust. Findings provide empirical evidence for the thesis that the prevalence of trust asymmetry is dependent on the risk source and demonstrate that trust is symmetric rather than asymmetric in the context of voluntary tourism risks. Furthermore, results imply an influence of positive versus negative expectations as well as of prior trusting relationships on the occurrence of the asymmetry principle.     

Trust: Missing Piece(s) in the Safety Puzzle

While trust is increasingly recognized as a factor that impacts on safety behavior, the exact nature of trust and its role in shaping organizational safety is poorly understood. This special issue contains six articles that examine the relationship between trust and safety behavior in a range of high-risk work contexts. The issue begins with two articles that introduce the complex nature of trust and the positive and negative roles that trust can play in shaping an organization's safety culture. This background is then developed by two articles that explore the role of trust and distrust in safety performance, and uncover a range of significant but often counterintuitive relationships between forms of trust and safe behavior. Finally, the issue concludes with two articles that examine the role that leadership may play in developing trust. These articles examine the conditions important for the development of trust in leaders, and the trust-promoting actions that leaders can employ to influence employees' engagement in safety participation.     

Exploring the Dimensionality of Trust in Risk Regulation

This article investigates possible differential levels of trust in government regulation across five different risk contexts and the relationship between a number of concepts that might be thought of as comprising distinctive "dimensions" of trust. It appeared that how people perceive government and its policies toward risk regulation was surprisingly similar for each of the five risk cases. A principal-component analysis showed that the various trust items could best be described by two dimensions: a general trust dimension, which was concerned with a wide range of trust-relevant aspects, such as competence, care, fairness, and openness, and a scepticism component that reflects a sceptical view regarding how risk policies are brought about and enacted. Again, the results were surprisingly similar across the five risk cases, as the same solution was found in each of the different samples. It was also examined whether value similarity has an additional value in predicting trust in risk regulation, compared to the more conventional aspects of trust. Based on the two independent trust factors that were found in this study, a typology of trust is proposed that ranges from full trust to a deep type of distrust. It is argued that for a functioning society it could well be more suitable to have critical but involved citizens in many situations.     

Do trust and distrust in coopetition matter to performance?

It is widely acknowledged that firms intensely engage in coopetition (i.e., simultaneous cooperation and competition) and obtain unique benefits from such relationships. However, limited knowledge exists about how and when coopetition intensity leads to superior performance. Building on the theoretical work documenting that both trust and distrust are critical for enhancing performance in interfirm relationships, we address the aforementioned gap by looking into the distinct yet beneficial roles of trust and distrust in coopetition. More specifically, we argue that whereas trust likely serves as an intervening mechanism through which coopetition intensity enhances relationship performance, distrust positively influences the association between coopetition intensity and relationship performance. We test our hypotheses on a sample of 225 Swedish firms engaged in coopetition, and provide empirical evidence that trust and distrust play distinct yet important roles in achieving superior performance from coopetition.     

社会化商务中基于经验及推荐的消费者感知信任模糊融合模型

社会化商务中消费者根据个人经验和他人推荐建立感知信任,是一种典型的信任融合问题。其中,相似性决定了过往个人经验和他人推荐对消费者感知信任的影响力,是信任融合问题中的主导因素。信任融合起源于计算机网络安全领域,国内外学者对此进行了大量研究,但在社会化商务背景下,消费者感知信任的模糊性和感知信任形成的多源性问题对信任融合模型提出新的挑战,带来相似性与感知信任度量难及多源信任融合难问题。针对上述问题,以基于案例的决策理论（CBDT）为基础构建由相似性引导的模型框架,结合直觉模糊集和多属性决策方法构建感知信任模糊融合模型。该模型将决策者的经验与他人推荐相融合,将多种方法相结合优势互补,对完善信任融合方法体系有贡献,对多学科交叉有意义,为传统电子商务平台制定精准营销策略提供新思路,为社会化商务商家预测消费者感知信任提供新的度量方法。     

Why do users trust algorithms? A review and conceptualization of initial trust and trust over time

Algorithms are increasingly playing a pivotal role in organizations' day-to-day operations; however, a general distrust of artificial intelligence-based algorithms and automated processes persists. This aversion to algorithms raises questions about the drivers that lead managers to trust or reject their use. This conceptual paper aims to provide an integrated review of how users experience the encounter with AI-based algorithms over time. This is important for two reasons: first, their functional activities change over the course of time through machine learning; and second, users' trust develops with their level of knowledge of a particular algorithm. Based on our review, we propose an integrative framework to explain how users’ perceptions of trust change over time. This framework extends current understandings of trust in AI-based algorithms in two areas: First, it distinguishes between the formation of initial trust and trust over time in AI-based algorithms, and specifies the determinants of trust in each phase. Second, it links the transition between initial trust in AI-based algorithms and trust over time to representations of the technology as either human-like or system-like. Finally, it considers the additional determinants that intervene during this transition phase.     

Examining Public Trust in Risk‐Managing Organizations After a Major Disaster

This research investigates the public's trust in risk‐managing organizations after suffering serious damage from a major disaster. It is natural for public trust to decrease in organizations responsible for mitigating the damage. However, what about trust in organizations that address hazards not directly related to the disaster? Based on the results of surveys conducted by a national institute, the Japanese government concluded, in a White Paper on Science and Technology, that the public's trust in scientists declined overall after the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake. Because scientists play a key role in risk assessment and risk management in most areas, one could predict that trust in risk‐managing organizations overall would decrease after a major disaster. The methodology of that survey, however, had limitations that prevented such conclusions. For this research, two surveys were conducted to measure the public's trust in risk‐managing organizations regarding various hazards, before and after the Tohoku Earthquake (n = 1,192 in 2008 and n = 1,138 in 2012). The results showed that trust decreased in risk‐managing organizations that deal with earthquakes and nuclear accidents, whereas trust levels related to many other hazards, especially in areas not touched by the Tohoku Earthquake, remained steady or even increased. These results reject the assertion that distrust rippled through all risk‐managing organizations. The implications of this research are discussed, with the observation that this result is not necessarily gratifying for risk managers because high trust sometimes reduces public preparedness for disasters.