企业奖酬对员工创新绩效影响的研究评述

长期以来,学术界关于企业奖酬是否以及如何影响员工创新绩效并没有取得一致的结论。早期学者基于浪漫主义和功利主义两个不同视角对奖酬如何影响员工创新绩效进行了争论,尔后学者们更加关注特定情境下奖酬对创新绩效的影响机制,提出任务特征、个体特性和企业制度等变量调节了两者之间的关系。研究表明,未来研究应当探索在我国社会文化背景以及员工价值观等差异性情境下奖酬对员工创新绩效的影响机制,发掘情境因素和员工特性对两者关系的影响,并进一步结合研究对象的特征展开更有针对性的研究。     

银行员工组织政治认知与工作绩效的关系

本研究通过问卷调查,对银行员工的组织政治认知做了考察,并分析了其对工作绩效产生的影响。研究表明,组织政治认知中的自利行为、同事关系认知均与任务绩效显著正相关,而薪酬和晋升认知与任务绩效、关系绩效均显著负相关。     

协同式绩效管理体系的设计

绩效管理是企业人力资源管理中的重要环节,通过绩效管理可以快速提升企业绩效,促进员工发展,形成企业和员工的双赢。本文以绩效管理相关理论和方法为出发点,结合深圳供电局的实际情况,分析了深圳供电局绩效管理体系建设的优劣势,设计出一套与深圳供电局相适应的全过程绩效管理体系。     

绩效面谈

绩效面谈是一把双刃剑,处理的好可以调动员工的积极性,明确需要提升空间,让员工越干越有劲。不好可能导致相反的效果,让员工产生矛盾、对抗、不信任等。本文对一个绩效面谈的案例进行分析,揭示出绩效管理的重要性及绩效面谈的标准步骤。     

企业员工绩效管理策略分析

实践证明,对于企业而言,规范科学的绩效管理不但可以提升企业的经济效益,而且还能够使员工的切身利益得到有效保障。本课题首先分析了绩效管理在企业中的作用,进而分析了目前我国企业绩效管理所存在的一些问题,最后对强化企业员工绩效管理的有效策略进行了探究。     

绩效评估过程中的组织公平性研究

组织公平性会对绩效评估的效果产生巨大的影响,本文依据组织公平理论及其在绩效评估中的已有研究成果,通过对目前绩效评估过程中遇到的一些主要问题进行分析,并针对预定程序的绩效评估体系,详细讨论了组织公平因素在其中的应用,认为组织公平可以更好的提高员工对绩效评估的满意感,提升员工对自我价值及自己在组织中的地位的感知,进而提升员工对待工作的整体态度,实现组织绩效的快速提高。     

主动性人格对员工任务绩效和组织公民行为的影响机制研究

基于社会交换理论,本研究构建了一个有调节的中介模型,具体探讨主动性人格与任务绩效和组织公民行为(organizational citizenship behavior, OCB)的关系,以及此关系中领导-成员交换(leader-member exchange, LMX)的中介作用和仁慈领导的调节作用。本研究开展了两个调查研究：研究一通过网络调研平台收集了200名来自不同行业和企业的员工样本;研究二通过多源、多时点的现场调查,获得了来自44名主管和206名员工的配对数据。结构方程模型的分析结果显示：(1)员工的主动性人格对其任务绩效和OCB具有正向影响,LMX在其中起到了中介作用;(2)仁慈领导负向调节LMX与任务绩效和OCB的关系,即领导越仁慈,LMX与任务绩效和OCB的正向关系越弱。研究结论为更全面和辩证地认识仁慈型领导提供了新思路和有益启示。     

协同式绩效管理体系的设计

绩效管理是企业人力资源管理中的重要环节,通过绩效管理可以快速提升企业绩效,促进员工发展,形成企业和员工的双赢.本文以绩效管理相关理论和方法为出发点,结合深圳供电局的实际情况,分析了深圳供电局绩效管理体系建设的优劣势,设计出一套与深圳供电局相适应的全过程绩效管理体系.     

制造行业中企业组织承诺与员工绩效的关系研究

国内外研究者就组织承诺对员工绩效的影响因素已达成广泛共识,但目前还没有研究证明员工的组织承诺与员工绩效两者之间存在积极的影响。本研究结果显示组织承诺高的员工并不一定工作绩效高,组织承诺低的员工并不一定工作绩效就低。     

差序格局下绩效评价公平与员工绩效关系研究

运用参照认知理论,探讨差序格局下员工绩效评价公平感知对工作绩效的特殊作用机理。以本土企业39个工作组274名员工为研究对象,结合个体感知差异和组织差序氛围两个层面的影响因素,运用线性阶层模型检验二者跨层次交互作用对员工绩效的影响,同时对组织为削弱偏私主义而强化绩效评价公平的努力效果进行检验。研究结果表明,与西方经典理论不同的是,绩效评价公平感知正向影响任务绩效仅在低差序氛围下才显著,因而淡化差序氛围的影响、降低主管在绩效评价中的主导权有助于提升公平感知对任务绩效的预测力;正规化与程序公平、分配公平的交互作用对任务绩效有负向影响,揭示出绩效评价的本土实践存在一个公平悖论,即不实行刚性化评价难以消除黑箱操作,而实行刚性化评价又容易落入买椟还珠陷阱;正规化与互动公平的交互作用对任务绩效有正向影响,说明注重情理交融、增强规则的张力有助于提高绩效评价的有效性。     

员工敬业度、工作绩效与工作满意度的关系研究

本文基于角色理论,探索员工敬业度、工作绩效与工作满意度之间的关系,以及工作绩效在员工敬业度与工作满意度之间的中介作用。利用在职学生的137份调查数据进行统计分析,结果显示,中国文化背景下,工作绩效也包括任务绩效和关系绩效两个维度;员工敬业度、工作绩效和工作满意度之间存在显著正相关;工作绩效在员工敬业度与工作满意度之间起完全的中介作用。     

Understanding Management Performance

Current models of the factors underlying management performance make use of a variety of variables at different levels of analysis. A framework is presented in which variables of three different types are linked together. Using data from a sample (n = 437) of British managers this article explores relationships between personality factors (using the big-five factors), work competencies and managerial performance. Results from the analyses reveal a set of underlying competency factors, which show different patterns of correlation with two facets of performance: current proficiency and promotability. In turn, these factors and the facets of performance show relationships with the big-five personality factors. Current proficiency is more closely related to competencies of organization, specialization and analysis – competencies more likely to be displayed by people who are conscientious and introverted. Promotability is linked more closely to competencies concerning action/motivation, flexibility/sensitivity and communication – competencies more likely to be displayed by people who are extroverted with lower conscientiousness and agreeableness.     

Structural empowerment,psychological empowerment,and work engagement: A cross-country study

In this cross-country study we drew on job demands-resources theory to investigate whether psychological empowerment mediates the positive association between structural empowerment and work engagement and, consequently, task performance and intention to quit. A total of 1033 employees working in the service sector in Spain (N = 515) and the United Kingdom (N = 518) participated in the study. Multi-group structural equation modeling analyses revealed that psychological empowerment partially mediated the positive relationship between structural empowerment and work engagement, and that work engagement associated positively with task performance and negatively with intention to quit. Invariance analyses suggested that the positive link between psychological empowerment and work engagement was stronger for employees working in the UK than in Spain, providing support for partial structural invariance of the hypothesized model. These findings suggest that psychological empowerment is an underlying mechanism that may explain why structural empowerment relates positively to work engagement with implications for theory (i.e., extend the nomological network of the investigated constructs) and management practice (e.g., emphasize the role of structural empowerment for work design).     

Exposure to Psychological Aggression at Work and Job Performance: The Mediating Role of Job Attitudes and Personal Health

Despite the growing literature on workplace aggression and the importance of employee performance at work, few studies have examined the relation between workplace aggression and job performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relations between psychological aggression at work and two forms of job performance (task performance and contextual performance) and potential mediators of these relations. Based on Conservation of Resources theory and prior research, a model was developed and tested in which overall job attitudes (i.e., job satisfaction and organizational commitment) and overall personal health (i.e., physical and psychological health) fully mediate the relations between exposure to psychological aggression at work and both task performance and contextual performance. Data were obtained from a national probability sample of US workers (N = 2376) and the model was tested using structural equation modelling. The results supported the hypothesized model, demonstrating that exposure to psychological aggression at work negatively predicted both task performance and contextual performance, and that these relations were explained by decrements in job attitudes and health associated with exposure to psychological aggression at work.     

All I need is a stage to shine: Narcissists' leader emergence and performance

Many of the world's leaders appear to possess narcissistic characteristics (e.g., Deluga, 1997). This begs a question as to whether and why narcissistic individuals are chosen as leaders and how they perform. Prior research has suggested that leadership emergence and performance of narcissistic personalities may depend on contextual factors. Of particular interests are those contextual factors that pertain to the interdependence of work relationships, because narcissists typically tend to “shine” in social settings where they can influence others. Therefore, the present study investigated the leadership emergence and performance of narcissistic individuals in low versus high reward interdependent teams that participated in an interactive team simulation task. We found that narcissists emerged as leaders irrespective of the team's level of reward interdependence and their individual performance. Yet, high narcissists performed better in the high reward interdependent condition than in the low reward interdependent condition.     

Effects of Process and Human Performance Improvement Strategies

Abstract

Organizational performance is a function of many variables, two of which are work process factors and human performance factors. Our study compared the effects of changing a work process versus human performance improvement techniques and the combined effects of combing both techniques. A 2 (manual vs. electronic process) X 2 (with vs. without behavioral intervention) between-subjects design with stratified random assignment was employed. Forty-eight participants performed a word processing task where their minutes-in-possession and error rate were recorded. Results revealed a main effect for process type and a main effect for behavioral intervention. The largest effects were observed with the context of a combined intervention. The implications of using a combined approach and topics for future researchers are discussed.     

Structure and the Performance of Public Organizations: Task Difficulty and Span of Control

Scholars of public organizations have long been interested in understanding how organizational structures shape organizational performance. This is an important question because if links between structure and performance exist, then manipulating organizational structures may lead to improvements in organizational performance. This study examines how one structural attribute, span of control, shapes performance in a large set of public organizations. Specifically, our focus is on how structure shapes performance when task difficulty varies. We hypothesize that structural attributes such as spans of control have limited effects on performance when organizations address very easy or very difficult tasks. When organizations address moderately difficult tasks, the impact of structure on performance should be greatest. Our analysis of 678 school districts in Texas covering the years 1994 to 1997 reveals that span of control variables have the greatest impact on student performance under moderately difficult task scenarios.     

When Knowing You Are Doing Well Hinders Performance

Summary

The effect of two types of verbal consequences, rule-following feedback and task performance feedback, on rule-induced insensitivity to programmed schedules of reinforcement were examined. Rule-following feedback could be either accurate or non-contingently positive. The task involved moving a sign through a grid using telegraph keys operating on a multiple DRL 6/FR 18 schedule of reinforcement in the presence of an initially accurate rule. After acquisition, the multiple schedule was changed without notice to a FR 1/FI Yoked schedule. Accurate rule-following feedback plus feedback on task performance produced striking insensitivity to the DRL 6 to FR 1 schedule change, the opposite of what might be expected by a common sense analysis of task performance feedback, even after controlling for contact with the changed contingency. It is argued that findings such as these can only be understood by considering the mutual verbal relations evoked by the combinations of rules and feedback, rather than treating feedback as a simple consequential event or as a verbal consequence whose effects do not depend on the relations sustained with other events.     

Swimming Pool Hygiene: Self-Monitoring,Task Clarification,and Performance Feedback Increase Lifeguard Cleaning Behaviors

The effects of task clarification, self-monitoring, and performance feedback on cleaning behaviors of 9 lifeguards in 3 performance areas (vacuuming, lobby tidying, and pool deck maintenance) were investigated using an ABA reversal design at a county swim complex. A specific task in each performance area was used as a behavioral control. Following a task clarification meeting, the percentage of closing tasks completed each night was self-monitored through ratings by lifeguards and managers. Researchers conducted independent ratings of these completed tasks after the staff had left the building. Feedback data were posted daily using line graphs that displayed the percentage of tasks completed correctly from both self-report and researchers' data. Overall performance increased from an average of 45.1% correct behaviors during baseline to an average of 76.9% during intervention then reversed to baseline during follow-up to an average performance of 45.05%.     

基于行为的组织中层管理者工作绩效评价结构研究

本研究从行为视角出发,运用探索性和验证性因素分析方法对组织中层管理者的工作绩效评价结构进行了探讨.研究结果表明:组织中层管理者的工作绩效是一个可以通过行为表现来反映的构念.组织中层管理者的工作绩效评价结构由五个维度构成:人际沟通、行事风格、领导作为、任务执行和敬业尽责,五维度评价结构能较好地反映中层管理者工作绩效的特殊性.五维度评价结构模型与西方关于工作绩效的"任务-周边绩效"模型存在明显差异.