中国情境下消费者CSR反应的行业比较研究

通过预调查研究,将家电、旅游、食品、鞋服、金融和数码6个行业按照产品差异化程度和产品满足需求类型进行分类;在此基础上,进行大样本的消费者问卷调查,探讨中国情境下不同行业的企业社会责任行为所引起的消费者反应及其差异性;运用Amos 7.O和SPSS13.0软件,通过验证性因子分析、描述性统计分析、方差分析和多元线性回归分析,对不同行业的消费者企业社会责任反应的差异性规律进行检验.研究结果表明,消费者企业社会责任态度(包括企业社会责任关注、企业社会责任信任和企业评价)几乎不存在行业差异,但消费者的购买意向以及购买意向与消费者企业社会责任态度之间的相关关系均存在显著的行业差异;在不同的价格水平下(等价VS.溢价),消费者企业社会责任反应在不同行业之间的差异性规律也有所不同.     

企业社会责任行为对消费者品牌评价的影响

现代企业在追求利润的同时也开始承担企业社会责任(CSR),企业履行不同的CSR方式对消费者品牌评价会带来不同的影响、企业如何结合自身特点、选择适合自己的CSR行为方式实现社会与企业的共赢等问题是现有文献的研究断层。本文通过实验研究,检验了产品相关责任行为、慈善行为、公益实践这三种CSR行为方式对消费者品牌评价的影响。研究发现,CSR行为中产品相关责任行为和慈善行为对消费者品牌评价的提升作用显著,其中产品相关责任行为的影响作用最显著。进一步研究表明,在企业慈善行为中,产品与CSR行为的匹配性对消费者的品牌评价具有调节作用。本文的理论创新点在于,测量了产品相关责任、慈善行为、公益实践三种方式对消费者品牌评价的影响差异,进一步分析了CSR行为与产品的匹配性在善因营销和捐赠行为这两种慈善行为方式中表现出的不同调节作用。研究结论对企业进行CSR决策提供了策略性建议。     

企业社会责任行为、产品价格对消费者购买意愿的影响研究

企业社会责任已经成为关乎我国经济和社会和谐发展的焦点之一,促进消费者与企业社会责任的良性互动成为值得研究的课题。采用情境模拟法测量消费者在不同类型企业社会责任行为刺激下的购买意愿,以及产品价格对这种购买意愿的调节作用。结果发现,消费者的态度受到价格的显著影响,但不同的消费者群对履行了基本层或高级层社会责任的企业的产品有不同的可接受溢价范围。     

中国企业社会责任的思考

当前中国企业对社会公益责任认知度最高,但在法律责任、环境责任以及企业文化责任上认知偏低。在中国经济高速发展的转型时期,一些企业不负责任的行为也对社会造成了极大的危害。因此,企业应该承担其应有的社会责任。     

企业社会责任对消费者抵制内化机制研究——基于AEB理论与折扣原理的实证

文章重点关注企业履行了一定程度的社会责任之后,却受到消费者消极响应(消费者抵制)的理论依据和内化机制.本研究立足企业社会责任内在本质的视角,通过深度分析企业社会责任特征(承诺、水平、时间选择、关联度)与消费者抵制两者之间的作用关系,尝试性地给出了导致企业在社会责任履行中这种“吃力不讨好”现象的理论解释框架.研究发现,低程度的企业社会责任“承诺”与“水平”、过于滞后的企业社会责任“时间选择”以及高的企业社会责任“关联度”,都会通过“感受过分”的中介作用引起“消费者抵制”.研究发现,企业社会责任特征中的“关联度”,可以正向调节消费者的“感受过分”,越是低的企业社会责任“关联度”,越可以降低消费者的“感受过分”,进而减少“消费者抵制”.此外,本研究亦对企业实施有效的企业社会责任策略提供了新的启发.     

企业领导者的社会责任取向、企业社会表现和组织绩效的关系研究

企业领导者的社会责任取向、企业社会表现和组织绩效存在一定关系。根据以往的研究,企业社会责任取向包括经济取向、法律取向、伦理取向和慈善取向4个维度。在研究中,把企业社会表现拟合为员工、消费者、股东、强制环保、自觉环保、社区和特殊群体7个因子,把组织绩效分为市场绩效、财务绩效和人力绩效3个因子。研究发现,在企业社会责任取向、企业社会表现和组织绩效3者的关系中,企业社会表现起着中介作用。此外,对国外学者设计的企业社会责任取向问卷进行了本土化,并首次将企业社会责任取向、企业社会表现和组织绩效纳入一个研究框架中。     

企业社会责任的分析与评价——以深交所制造业上市公司为例

论文首先在分析、评价现有的企业社会责任评价模型的基础上,从企业对债权人、股东、员工,政府以及公益事业的责任五个方面对企业社会责任进行了分析,并据此构建了企业社会责任评价模型.应用这一模型分析评价了深圳证券交易所163家制造业的上市公司的企业社会责任.研究发现同一行业不同公司的企业社会责任处于不平衡状态,两极分化比较严重;同一公司在企业社会责任的几个方面也是不均衡的.     

消费者CSR反应的产品类别差异及群体特征研究

本文通过对六个行业1022名消费者的情境式问卷调查,将市场细分运用于企业社会责任(CSR)研究领域,从产品类型和消费者群体特征双重视角来探究消费者CSR反应的特点及内在规律,弥补了现有相关研究中缺乏产品类型比较和消费者分类的缺点.实证结果表明:第一,总体而言,消费者会将正面的CSR行为转换为积极的企业评价、产品联想和购买意向,尤其是在CSR行为赢得消费者关注和信任的情况下;第二,消费者的CSR反应因产品类型的不同而有所差异.销售体验产品相对于销售搜索产品和信任产品的企业更可能通过CSR实践取得消费者积极的产品联想和购买支持;第三,依据消费者CSR反应程度由强到弱,将消费者分为热情型、精明型和现实型,三类消费者群体的人口统计特征分布各有侧重;第四,不同消费者群体对不同产品类别CSR信息的反应是存在差异的.     

关于企业社会责任的消费者调查

消费者运动是企业社会责任发展的重要推力。调查表明：消费者要求企业承担社会责任的声浪甚嚣尘上;企业与消费者关于社会责任的认知存在偏差。金融危机新形势下,企业更应准确把握消费者需求,践行社会责任。     

媒体治理与企业社会责任

以沪市上市公司为样本,基于利益相关者理论,在综合采用熵权法度量企业社会责任的指标权重与指数法测算企业社会责任的基础上,研究了媒体监督对企业社会责任的影响,并考察了政府干预与行业特征在影响媒体治理效应方面的作用.研究发现:①媒体监督对上市公司的社会责任有显著的正向影响,并且相较于一般性的报道,媒体的负面报道在其中起到的作用更为显著;②考虑到广告、声誉等经济动机,媒体监督对企业社会责任的影响在竞争性行业、环境高敏感性行业以及消费者高敏感性行业中表现得更加显著;③在地方政府干预程度较高的地区,媒体在督促企业履行社会责任方面的监督作用会弱于市场化程度高的地区.     

Is Corporate Social Responsibility in Japanese Firms at the Theoretically Derived Achievable Level? An Analysis of CSR Inefficiency Using a Stochastic Frontier Model

The purposes of this study are to investigate whether current corporate social responsibility (CSR) is at the theoretically derived achievable level (hereinafter referred to simply as achievable level), to introduce “CSR inefficiency” as the difference between actual and achievable levels of CSR, and to specify its determinants. We established that the achievable level of CSR activity is determined by a range of keiretsu group, government, sector, and resource factors, and choosing specific activities can affect the priority levels of social contributions. CSR inefficiency is affected by its own factors such as internal management, which are different from those of CSR activity. Our study suggests the importance of the differences between the achievable levels of CSR among firms. For example, firms in machinery, electrical equipment, public utilities, and service industries have greater inefficiency in environmental CSR than the other industries. Conversely, the achievable levels of construction and petroleum and gum industries for environmental CSR are higher. Service firms can achieve higher level of environmental CSR, although their emissions and wastes are not as large as those of manufacturing firms in general. In retail industries, the achievable level of environmental CSR is lowest among all industries, while those for labor issues and social contribution are as high as those of other industries. Public utilities have large CSR inefficiency compared with other industries, while construction, steel and nonferrous metals have small CSR inefficiency.     

CSR signaling in controversial and noncontroversial industries: CSR policies,governance structures,and transparency tools

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives are signals used by organizations to reduce information asymmetries within the market and to make their commitment to sustainability observable. The present study aims at investigating the hypothesis that responsible companies operating in controversial industries (i.e., companies whose core business or production processes are perceived as questionable by society given current environmental, social, or/and ethical issues) are likely to be more active in using different types of CSR signals. Through ANCOVA, we assess how firms belonging to both controversial and non-controversial industries differ in the way they manage CSR signals. The empirical results show that companies in controversial sectors are significantly more focused on developing CSR policies and transparency tools since they expect these signals to be really visible and distinctive to stakeholders. However, companies in controversial industries seem to be similar to non-controversial companies in signaling CSR governance, suggesting that organizations expect receivers to attribute little relevance to the least visible signals. Therefore, these signals do not grant a sufficiently large reputational payoff, discouraging firms from taking advantage of the implementation of CSR governance structures. The study supports the idea that firms, in designing different types of CSR signals, take into account the peculiarities of different receivers. At the same time though, this could make firms underestimate the receivers’ ability to decode the signals and to generate countersignals, thus failing in assessing properly the expected return from their CSR signaling.     

Corporate social responsibility disclosure and market valuation: evidence from Spanish listed firms

Using a sample of listed Spanish companies pertaining to the IBEX35 index for the period 2007–2011, this paper examines whether those firms with higher CSR disclosure ratings are more valued by market participants. This study also complements the literature addressing the value relevance of CSR disclosure by further analyzing not only the direct effects of CSR reporting on stock prices but also its indirect effects through its interaction with main accounting variables (i.e., earnings and book value of equity). CSR reports can also affect stock price indirectly because the sustainability report may be perceived by investors to be a source of further and complementary information regarding the nature, composition and trends of the traditional value-relevant accounting variables. Finally, this study also analyzes whether CSR disclosure by firms operating in environmentally-sensitive industries is assessed differently by market participants than CSR disclosure by companies operating in other industries. By using a modified Ohlson (Contemp Account Res 1:661–687, 1995) model, it is found that CSR disclosure do have both a direct and indirect effect on stock prices by modifying the value-relevance of earnings and book value of equity. Moreover, CSR disclosure by companies operating in environmentally-sensitive industries is associated with higher market valuations than CSR disclosure by companies operating in nonsensitive industries. This may be due to the fact that CSR disclosures provide information that allow investors to make better assessments of the increased risk related to potential litigation and future environmental liabilities, thereby reducing information asymmetries and the risk of adverse selection.     

影响搜索引擎营销效果的关键因素分析

此文从消费者的搜索行为入手,对可能产生的搜索结果、屏幕关注度分布和点击行为等展开分析,分析了影响搜索引擎营销效果的主要因素,以及控制和改变这些要素对营销效果的影响.这些要素包括:关键词所反映的搜索动机、信息项出现的位置、前后项关系、以及搜索动机与营销诉求的关联性等.文章采用实证分析方法,模拟用户浏览搜索引擎页面的过程,...     

品牌联合的研究进展

通过从影响消费者对品牌联合态度评价的因素、品牌联合的反馈效应以及影响合伙品牌对品牌联合的相对贡献3个方面,对国内外品牌联合的相关研究进行了总结,并在此基础上提出了进一步研究的方向,以推动品牌联合研究在国内的开展。     

Institutional theory-based research on corporate social responsibility: Bringing values back in

Research applying institutional theory to corporate social responsibility (CSR) has experienced remarkable momentum. Institutional theory-based CSR research illustrates the role of values in guiding both agentic choices for CSR and the influence of institutional structures on CSR agency. Although values have been explored in this literature, systematic studies of values that seek to gain insights into the mutual relationship between agentic choices and structures are lacking. Such insights are crucial for exploring whether and how CSR is enabled or constrained. We thus ask two interrelated questions: (1) What is the role of values in institutional theory-based CSR research? (2) How and along which avenues should future institutional theory-based CSR research that focuses on values be mobilised? Based on our analysis of this line of literature from 1989 until 2021, first, we take stock of established institutional theory perspectives on CSR and disentangle what role values have played in this literature. Second, we outline how to mobilise values in future institutional CSR research based on four promising but under-investigated areas. From our literature analysis, two central functions emerge (which we label ‘bridging’ and ‘referencing’) that values can perform in the institutional analysis of CSR. Based on these two functions, our values-focused framework will help scholars examine the moral foundations that inform business–society interactions as well as understand how companies can responsibly manage those interactions with societal stakeholders.     

Corporate Social Responsibility in Developing Countries as an Emerging Field of Study

Given the rising interest in corporate social responsibility (CSR) globally, its local expressions are as varied as they are increasingly visible in both developed and developing countries. This paper presents a multilevel review of the literature on CSR in developing countries and highlights the key differentiators and nuanced CSR‐related considerations that qualify it as a distinctive field of study. This review entails a content analysis of 452 articles spanning two‐and‐a‐half decades (1990–2015). Based on this comprehensive review, the authors identify the key differentiating attributes of the literature on CSR in developing countries in relation to depictions of how CSR is conceived or ‘CSR Thinking’ and depictions of how CSR is practiced and implemented or ‘CSR Doing’. The authors synthesize from there five key themes that capture the main aspects of variation in this literature, namely: (1) complex institutional antecedents within the national business system (NBS); (2) complex macro‐level antecedents outside the NBS; (3) the salience of multiple actors involved in formal and informal governance; (4) hybridized and other nuanced forms of CSR expressions; and (5) varied scope of developmental and detrimental CSR consequences. The paper concludes by accentuating how the nuanced forms of CSR in the developing world are invariably contextualized and locally shaped by multi‐level factors and actors embedded within wider formal and informal governance systems.     

基于计划行为理论的信用卡使用意向分析及其营销策略研究

在计划行为理论的基础上,使用结构方程模型等数理统计方法,探析了消费者信用卡使用意向的影响因素,建构了消费者信用卡使用意向模型。研究表明,计划行为理论中信用卡态度和知觉行为控制变量对消费者信用卡使用意向有重要影响。此外,研究还进一步将消费者信用卡态度区分为便利性态度、金钱与信用态度,实证研究显示便利性态度对信用卡使用意向有重要影响,并且这种区分是合理的和必要的。     

产品责任、企业社会责任偏好与供应链中的质量-数量协调

在产品质量和产品数量（订货量）内生化的情形下，同时实现其质量和数量的协调将成为供应链管理的一个重要问题。进一步，在产品低质量对消费者造成伤害的情形下，制造商将面临着产品责任（表征制造商对消费者产品伤害的补偿），从而导致"产品责任如何影响供应链中的质量-数量协调"这一问题。最后，如果核心企业具有对消费者的企业社会责任（CSR）偏好，则这种CSR偏好又如何影响供应链中的质量-数量协调？针对这三个问题，首先，利用批发价合同构建了一个由上游制造商和下游零售商组成的两级供应链运作博弈模型；其次考察了制造商产品责任、CSR偏好程度和质量改进效率对其产品质量决策、批发价合同和相应的供应链节点企业利润的影响；最后，研究了供应链质量-数量协调问题。结果表明：（1）产品责任不影响产品质量、订货量、供应链节点企业经济利润和消费者剩余，但制造商批发价随产品责任的增加而增加；（2）随着CSR偏好程度的增加，产品质量、订货量、零售商经济利润、供应链系统经济利润和消费者剩余随之增加，而制造商经济利润随之减小；（3）质量改进效率的提高，有利于产品质量、订货量、零售商经济利润、供应链系统经济利润和消费者剩余的增加；（4）一个由数量折扣契约和质量改进成本分担契约共同构成的协调机制，可以有效的实现供应链系统的协调，其中，产品责任将促使数量折扣契约中产品批发价的增加和质量改进成本分担比例的减小，而CSR偏好程度的增加将促使数量折扣契约中产品批发价的减小，但不影响质量改进成本分担比例。