时间驱动作业成本法在第三方物流企业中的应用

本文将时间驱动作业成本法引入到第三方物流企业成本核算中,建立了第三方物流企业成本核算模型,并且通过具体实例,说明了时间驱动作业成本法在物流企业成本核算中的优势。     

基于作业成本法的第三方物流成本应用研究

第三方物流日益得到企业和社会的重视,为了提高第三方物流企业的竞争力,必须重视物流成本管理工作,其中物流成本的核算工作不容忽视。通过作业成本法在第三方物流成本核算中的实证应用,将其与传统成本核算方法进行比较,发现作业成本法更符合实际情况,因此应该在第三方物流成本核算中广泛采用。     

初探作业成本法对物流成本的核算

本文主要从核算原理、核算步骤、核算优势等方面探讨作业成本法对物流成本核算的相关问题,对比传统核算方法,作业成本发是物流成本核算最可行的方法。     

基于作业成本法的物流成本核算模型及其应用研究

通过对物流成本构成的系统分析,提出了基于作业成本法的物流成本核算模型,结合中国石油长庆石油勘探局物资采购与供应管理的实际需要,通过分析建立资源费用库、作业成本库和成本动因评估与分摊等过程,对物流的作业(活动)成本进行了核算,并进一步提出了管理费用分摊模型,为石油勘探企业的物流成本管理提供了依据.     

制糖企业物流成本核算模型的构建与应用——基于作业成本法原理

为了解决制糖企业物流成本偏高、核算不到位而影响企业市场竞争力的问题,笔者首先分析了制糖企业的物流作业成本构成;然后,构建了基于作业成本法的物流成本核算模型,通过建立资源费用库、作业成本库和确定成本动因及其分配,对物流的作业成本进行了核算;最后,计算了食糖产品的物流总成本和单位成本,为制糖企业的物流成本管理提供了依据。     

基于系统论的企业物流成本管理思路探析

我国企业目前正处在向物流一体化的阶段发展。运用系统理论的方法，建立一体化的物流管理组织，在此基础上建立全面的物流成本核算指标模型，应用先进的物流技术的对系统的各指标要素进行改善，是我国企业实现物流管理现代化的必由之路。     

国家标准GB/T20523-2006《企业物流成本构成与计算》实施中存在的问题及对策

本文分析了企业在运用国家标准GB/T20523-2006《企业物流成本构成与计算》进行物流成本核算时可能会遇到的主要问题,并探讨相应的解决方法,希望能对企业物流成本核算实务工作提供指导。     

作业成本法在物流企业的应用

论文主要探讨了作业成本法在物流企业应用的相关问题。首先介绍了作业成本法的定义,然后从确定成本核算对象、核算期间及核算步骤三方面提出了物流企业应用作业成本法的对策。     

物流企业成本核算标准性研究

随着我国物流行业的不断发展,物流企业对于物流成本信息的重视程度不断提升,但是当前依然有部分物流企业对于自身的成本核算方式难以达成统一有效的模式,不同物流企业在认识到自身对于物流成本概念的基础上所运用的是自身的物流成本核算方式,这样很容易导致物流企业的物流成本信息在核算过程中缺少一定的标准性与准确性。本文对当前我国物流企业成本核算现状分析,提出一系列加强现代物流企业物流成本核算的措施与方式。     

实例分析作业成本法在企业物流成本核算中的应用

作业成本法是一种更为合理的计算物流成本的方法,不仅能够准确地计算出物流成本,还能将物流成本尽可能按多贡献多分摊的原则分配到企业的产品或服务中.本文通过一个实例来说明其在企业物流成本核算中的应用.     

基于成本的车间作业优化模型及实证研究

介绍车间作业优化问题,探讨作业、成本的关系并构建作业成本计算模型,将作业成本法与作业优化理论相结合,提出基于成本的作业优化模型,并使用该模型进行了企业实证研究,分析了作业成本法下作业优化模型的实际使用效果。     

Design of optimal configuration for a multi-stage production system

In this paper the evolution of eBusiness or digital business is analysed. Firstly, a number of definitions are presented. Digital business is then analysed in the context of a clear distinction being drawn between applications and models. Reviews of the enablers and the drivers of eBusiness are also presented. Some conceptual models for understanding eBusiness are then reviewed and finally a new revised model is put forward. This so-called extended SCOR model, developed by combining ideas from the original Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) model and Porter's Value Chain model is offered as a mechanism to map current eBusiness applications and models and may also be used to position and anticipate future eBusiness initiatives.     

Comparing mining and manufacturing supply chain processes: challenges and requirements

The mineral raw materials industry is essential for manufacturing by providing the basic materials for their value adding processes. In the last decade, the integration of operations of the industry within global manufacturing supply chains has progressed greatly. The processes of the different stakeholders have been extensively analysed and modelled according to standardised frameworks such as the supply chain operations reference (SCOR) model. However, as of today, not all stakeholders are integrated to the same extent. Especially, in the early part of the supply chain, deep integration of the mineral raw materials industry is still an exception. This industry and its processes differ greatly from the average manufacturing company’s processes. Not being directly comparable results in the absence of applications of standardised modelling tools for supply chains like the above-mentioned SCOR model. These circumstances hinder the integration, understanding and exchange between industries that rely significantly on each other. In a first attempt to create a basis for further research, this study analyses, elaborates and compares the challenges and requirements of supply chain processes, with a special focus on sourcing processes, in manufacturing and mining. Based on these findings, an adaption of the SCOR model towards applicability in mining and mining supply processes is presented, followed by a critical discussion of the results and implications, later concluded by a short outlook on further research.     

Measuring agri-food supply chain performance and risk through a new analytical framework: a case study of New Zealand dairy

Abstract

Many researchers and practitioners have long recognized the significance of measuring performance. Although general guidelines for measuring business performance are widely available, no appropriate measurement frameworks have been developed for measuring agri-food supply chain performance. Particularly, food quality and risk-related indicators have not been well integrated into existing performance measurement systems. Our research, therefore, addresses this knowledge gap by first providing an in-depth review of extant performance measurement systems and frameworks. It then develops an analytical framework by extending the Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) model which has been extensively implemented across non-food industries. The analytical framework is further validated by utilizing a case study of 50 farmers and 10 dairy companies, operating in the New Zealand dairy industry.

Our pilot testing and subsequent findings show that the individual metrics interlocked with the analytical framework are in-line with the key industrial practices adapted by the New Zealand dairy industry. In addition, the framework is flexible and scalable to evaluate and benchmark other agri-food supply chains – ranging from fresh products such as fruits and vegetables to processed foods such as canned fruits. The findings further show that the detailed information required for measuring the level-3 SCOR metrics is not easily available in the industry, as researchers need to access specific company records that may be confidential. Consequently, this study provides how agri-food supply chain managers can employ our new analytical framework in-conjunction with the SCOR model for a deeper understanding of the complicated performance measurement indicators applied in their agri-food production systems and relevant supply chains.     

Manufacturing feature-based cost management system: a case study in Brazil

Feature costing is a topic of recent discussion related to cost management systems (CMSs) aimed at understanding how product features influence production process costs. It raises as a key issue in mass customisation environments where a single product model can present hundreds of menu options. In this study, we explore the concept of feature costing beyond the use of activity-based costing (ABC). We propose a CMS based on features and common elements as costing objects instead of products. In our model, we use the unit of production effort method to organise the direct manufacturing costs, ABC method to address the indirect cost and the standard methods to compute raw materials costs. We illustrate the method in the production of bus seats in a Brazilian manufacturing company. This study gives different perspectives to the international academic community on the use of a different CMS used by many Brazilian companies.     

基于作业的多产品生产决策的数学规划模型

随着企业制造环境发生的重大变化,作业成本计算(Activity-Based Costing——ABC)及作业成本管理(ABM)应运而生。本文基于ABC,对在先进生产模式下多种产品生产决策的数学规划模型进行了全面、深入的研究。构造了线性模型及对偶形式,并对对偶模型的管理上含义的涵义进行了探讨。     

EOQ with independent endogenous supply disruptions

We consider an inventory installation, controlled by the periodic review base stock (S, T) policy and facing a fixed-rate deterministic demand which, if unsatisfied, is backordered. The supply process is unreliable, so supply deliveries may fail according to an independent Bernoulli process; we refer to such failures reflecting the supply service quality and being internal to the supply chain, as endogenous disruptions. We seek to jointly determine the two policy variables, so to minimize long-run average cost. While an approximate model for this problem was recently analyzed, we present an exact analysis, valid for two common accounting schemes for inventory cost evaluation: continuous and end-of-cycle costing. After developing a unified (and exact) average cost model for both costing schemes, the cost for each scheme is analyzed. In both cases, the optimal policy variables and cost prevail in closed-form, having an identical structure to those of EOQ (with backorders). In fact, under continuous costing, the optimal solution reduces to EOQ for perfect supply. Analytical properties, demonstrating the impact of deteriorating supply quality on the optimal policy, are established. Moreover, computations reveal the cost impact of deploying heuristics that either ignore supply disruptions or rely on inaccurate costing information.     

基于委托模式融通仓的银行对第三方物流激励和监督

第三方物流努力工作和积极参与是融通仓有效运作的关键因素,因此如何促使其努力工作是一个非常重要的问题.运用委托代理理论,研究银行激励和监督第三方物流努力工作的问题.模型给出银行对第三方仅采用激励以及激励和监督相结合两种情况下的均衡结果,并对两种结果进行比较,然后对模型做进一步分析.结果显示,与仅用激励手段相比,银行采用激励和监督相结合的手段会使第三方物流更加努力工作.最后用算例说明银行给予第三方物流最优激励系数、最优固定支付及第三方物流最优努力水平的确定方法.     

A model for reverse logistics entry by third-party providers

Reverse logistics has become an important entity in the US economy. Nonetheless, many companies are not capable of or are unwilling to enter the reverse logistics market. Such reluctance appears to be attributed to lack of knowledge of reverse logistics. This paper reviews current industry practices in reverse logistics. Specifically, we examine the issues and processes that an organization has to address to engage in the reverse logistics business. A reverse logistics decision-making model is developed to guide the process of examining the feasibility of implementing reverse logistics in third-party providers such as transportation companies. The purpose of this model is to help those companies who would like to pursue reverse logistics as a new market. A field study was conducted with a larger US transportation company to validate the proposed model.     

基于改进差分进化算法的VRP-SDPTW研究

整合前向物流和逆向物流,提出带时间窗的同时送货和取货的车辆路径问题(VRP-SDPTW)的混合整数规划数学模型.首次提出改进的差分进化算法(IDE)求解该问题,算法对不可行解设计惩罚机制,当基因值超过规定的范围时,设计基于整数序规范的辅助算子解决变异问题,设计一种随进化代数自动更新的交叉率.数值实验表明,改进的差分进化算法能有效地求解VRP-SDPTW.