外部知识搜寻对创新绩效的作用机理研究

开放式创新背景下,外部知识搜寻成为创新领域的热点问题。针对已有研究对外部知识搜寻作用机理研究的不足和中国企业实证检验的缺失,从外部市场环境和内部创新策略两个层面探讨外部知识搜寻(宽度和深度)的作用边界和作用机理。采用问卷调研方法获取294家中国企业的数据,利用验证性因子分析方法检验测量量表信度和效度,采用层级调节回归分析方法验证各项研究假设。研究结果表明,搜寻渠道的种类(搜寻宽度)和对某类渠道搜寻的力度(搜寻深度)显著线性影响创新绩效,不存在明显的过度搜寻问题;外部知识搜寻与市场环境(竞争强度、动荡性)的匹配显著影响创新绩效,在竞争激烈的市场环境中加强搜寻宽度更加有效,在顾客需求和产品技术频繁变化的市场环境中加强搜寻深度更加有效;外部知识搜寻与创新策略的匹配显著影响创新绩效,搜寻深度与开发式创新交互正向影响创新绩效。     

技术搜寻与高新技术企业创新质量:抑制还是促进?——吸收能力的多重中介效应分析

在百年未有之大变局下,全球外部环境充满动荡性和不确定性,创新质量的提升是高新技术企业高质量发展的内在要求。本文利用2013—2019年387家中国A股上市的高新技术企业为研究对象,探索了“技术搜寻—吸收能力—高新技术企业创新质量”的关系机理。研究得出:技术搜寻宽度和技术搜寻深度与高新技术企业创新质量均呈非线性的倒U型关系,平衡型技术搜寻显著正向影响高新技术企业创新质量。进一步研究发现,不同的吸收能力在技术搜寻与高新技术企业创新质量关系中具有异质性的中介传导作用。本文研究结论丰富和深化了技术搜寻和吸收能力对创新质量影响机理的研究,同时为高新技术企业管理人员的知识管理和创新管理战略决策提供理论借鉴。     

专业化知识搜寻、管理创新与企业绩效：认知评价的调节作用

本研究基于探索/利用双元分析框架,将管理创新划分为利用式管理创新和探索式管理创新两个维度,并将知识搜寻和认知评价的理论观点整合到现有管理创新采纳与实施过程理论模型中,构建了一个研究模型,以考察双元管理创新的采纳过程及其实施对企业绩效的影响。本文以我国华南地区468家制造型企业为问卷调查对象,对上述研究模型进行实证检验,结果表明:(1)科学型知识搜寻主要促进探索式管理创新;市场型知识搜寻对利用式和探索式管理创新均有正向影响;供应链型知识搜寻主要促进利用式管理创新;(2)科学型知识搜寻与探索式管理创新间的关系同时受到风险性认知(负向)、匹配性认知(正向)和复杂性认知(负向)的调节效应影响;市场型知识搜寻与利用式管理创新间的关系仅受到复杂性认知的负向调节效应影响;供应链型知识搜寻与利用式管理创新间的关系同时受到风险性认知(负向)、匹配性认知(正向)和复杂性认知(正向)的调节效应影响,但其与探索式管理创新间的关系仅受到匹配性认知的负向调节效应影响;(3)利用式管理创新与企业绩效呈倒U型关系;探索式管理创新与企业绩效呈正U型关系。研究结论对于厘清管理创新的复杂采纳过程及其实施机理有一定的理论贡献,同时对企业顺利开展管理创新具有一定的实践启示意义。     

外部创新搜寻战略对新创企业创新绩效的影响研究

结合"内容-行为"组合的外部创新搜寻战略类型,提出且实证检验了8种类型的外部创新搜寻战略与新创企业的创新绩效之间的关系。研究表明,本地以往知识广度搜寻、本地现在知识广度搜寻、全球以往知识广度搜寻和全球现在知识广度搜寻与新创企业创新绩效之间存在倒U型相关关系;同时,本地以往知识深度搜寻、本地现在知识深度搜寻、全球以往知识深度搜寻和全球现在知识深度搜寻与新创企业创新绩效之间存在倒U型相关关系。     

不同地域文化下网络搜寻对合作创新绩效的影响

探讨不同类型的网络搜寻对合作创新绩效的影响,分析不同地域文化下该影响效应的差异性;在梳理相关文献的基础上,将技术创新网络背景下企业的网络搜寻归结为知识搜寻、关系搜寻和惯例搜寻3种类型;在陕西、江苏和广东三地选择具有较强研发合作强度和深度的典型行业实证调研,运用多元回归等方法进行统计检验分析。研究结果表明,知识搜寻与合作创新绩效之间的正向相关关系在三地样本中均得到检验,江苏样本的系数最大;陕西和江苏样本中关系搜寻与合作创新绩效之间存在倒U形关系,广东样本中仅正向关系通过显著性检验;陕西样本中惯例搜寻被视为破坏现有合作关系、不利于合作创新绩效的提升,而其余两地的样本均验证了惯例搜寻与合作创新绩效的正向关系。     

匹配视角下创新可占有性与企业创新绩效关系研究

基于创新可占有性二元分析框架,本研究构建了对手吸收能力、独占性机制和创新绩效匹配关系模型,并检验了环境波动性的调节效应。通过问卷调查获得中国长三角地区297家制造业企业数据,采用多项式回归结合响应面分析技术进行实证检验。研究发现:对手吸收能力和独占性机制越一致,企业创新绩效水平越高;一致情况下,对手吸收能力强—独占性机制强更容易提升企业创新绩效;不一致情况下,对手吸收能力弱—独占性机制强更容易提升企业创新绩效。不同环境波动情境下,技术波动性反向调节对手吸收能力和独占性机制间匹配关系;市场波动性正向调节对手吸收能力和独占性机制间匹配关系。     

高技术企业集群式创新机理实证研究

构建了高技术企业集群式创新的微观理论模型,利用长春软件产业集群142家软件企业的调研问卷验证理论模型及所提出的假设.研究结果表明隐性知识溢出、企业潜在吸收能力和实现吸收能力与企业创新绩效正相关;吸收能力调节知识溢出与企业创新绩效的关系;集群外部社会资本与显性知识溢出正相关;集群内部结构资本与隐性知识溢出和显性知识溢出正相关;集群内部关系资本与隐性知识溢出和显性知识溢出正相关;集群内部结构资本和关系资本与认知资本正相关;集群外部社会资本、集群内部结构资本和集群内部关系资本与企业潜在吸收能力正相关;集群内部认知资本与企业实现吸收能力正相关.     

大数据背景下商务管理研究若干前沿课题

鉴于市场创新对于企业发展的重要性及已有研究的不足,在界定市场创新概念和特征的基础上,区分探索式和开发式两种创新方式,遵循行为/能力-地位-绩效的理论逻辑,构建以市场创新(探索式和开发式)-地位(低成本优势和差异化优势)-绩效为主线的概念模型,分析不同创新方式的作用机理;基于配置理论提出市场竞争强度的调节作用,从交互和匹配的双重视角重点阐释两种方式的二元平衡关系;基于297家中国企业的调研数据,利用多元层级回归检验研究假设.研究结果表明,探索式和开发式两种市场创新方式均显著提升企业绩效,但是作用机理不同,前者主要促进差异化优势,后者主要建立低成本优势;市场竞争强度正向调节探索式创新与绩效的关系,负向调节开发式创新与绩效的关系;与技术创新一样,市场创新的两种方式也存在二元平衡,具体表现为探索式和开发式市场创新正向交互影响绩效.因此,企业在进行技术创新的同时也要重视市场创新,根据不同的市场环境侧重选择合适的创新方式,并学会合理分配资源,避免追求单一创新方式的负面效应.     

探索式创新、利用式创新与绩效:战略和环境的影响

本文基于397家中国企业的样本数据,对探索式创新、利用式创新与企业绩效之间的关系进行了实证研究,着重考察了探索式创新、利用式创新的内部匹配关系以及这两类创新行为与企业战略和环境的外部匹配关系。结果表明,两类创新行为分别对企业绩效有直接的正向影响,两类创新行为之间的内部匹配对绩效无显著影响,两类创新行为与企业战略和环境竞争性的外部匹配关系对绩效有显著影响。     

企业协同创新网络特征与创新绩效:基于知识吸收能力的中介效应研究

本文基于长三角地区379家电子信息企业的问卷调查数据,运用多元回归探讨了知识吸收能力对企业协同创新网络特征与创新绩效的中介效应.研究结果表明:(1)知识吸收能力与企业创新绩效之间呈正相关关系;(2)协同创新网络特征的三个维度(网络规模、网络同质性、网络强度)均与企业创新绩效之间呈正相关关系;(3)知识吸收能力在协同创新网络特征与企业创新绩效之间存在着部分中介效应.     

External knowledge search,absorptive capacity and radical innovation in high-technology firms

Open innovation and absorptive capacity are two concepts based on the idea that companies can leverage the knowledge generated externally to improve their innovation performance. The aim of this paper is to analyse the joint effect of open innovation and absorptive capacity on a firm's radical innovation. Open innovation is expressed in terms of external search breadth and depth strategies and absorptive capacity is described by distinguishing between potential and realized absorptive capacity. In order to test our hypotheses, we carried out empirical research in firms operating in high-technology industries. The results indicate that internal routines and processes for absorbing external knowledge help explain radical innovation as they show a significant effect of potential and realized absorptive capacity. Also, there is a moderating effect of absorptive capacity on open innovation. Specifically, potential absorptive capacity exerts a positive effect on the relationship between external search breadth and depth and radical innovation. Realized absorptive capacity moderates the influence of external search breadth. These findings confirm the complementary nature of absorptive capacity and open innovation search strategies on radical innovation.     

家长式领导对创新的影响:一个整合模型

本文基于现有的双核模型和两栖模型,构建一个整合模型,分析了家长式领导对创新的影响。运用159家高科技企业的问卷调查数据进行假设检验,结果发现,威权领导对利用式创新有负向直接影响;威权领导能正向调节利用式创新与新产品绩效的关系;仁慈领导对探索式创新和利用式创新均有正向直接影响;仁慈领导能负向调节探索式创新与新产品绩效的关系,还能正向调节利用式创新与新产品绩效的关系。     

知识聚合调节作用下双元联盟对企业能力重构的影响研究

基于316家制造企业的调研数据,分析双元联盟(探索式联盟和利用式联盟)对企业能力重构的影响,并探索知识聚合对上述关系的调节作用。研究发现:探索式联盟对能力替代有倒U形作用,却负向影响能力进化;利用式联盟对能力替代有负向影响,却对能力进化有倒U形作用;知识耦合既增强了探索式联盟与企业能力重构的关系,也缓解了利用式联盟与企业能力重构的关系;知识内聚在缓解探索式联盟与企业能力重构关系的同时,也增强了利用式联盟与企业能力重构的关系。     

The role of absorptive capacity and innovation strategy in the design of industry 4.0 business Models - A comparison between SMEs and large enterprises

Technological innovations often lead to redesigns in the business models of established companies, requiring them to incorporate new external knowledge into internal activities. Against this background, this study integrates the concepts of business model design, absorptive capacity, and innovation strategy into a novel research model, which analyzes the redesign of established business models in response to the emergence of Industry 4.0. Industry 4.0, also known as the Industrial Internet of Things, constitutes a contemporary research context that is highly relevant for corporate practice but scarcely regarded in management literature until now. The article contains an analysis of data from 221 German industrial enterprises, conducted through structural equation modeling, with separate data for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and large enterprises. First, the results indicate that the acquisition, assimilation, transformation, and exploitation of knowledge from the environment enable companies to engage in both exploratory and exploitative innovation strategies. Furthermore, the paper includes an evaluation of the role of exploratory and exploitative innovation strategies that reflects in efficiency-centered and novelty-centered business model designs. The distinct characteristics differentiating SMEs from large enterprises are also explained. The implications of absorptive capacity on innovation strategies, which influence the redesign of extant business models, are discussed from a research and managerial perspective.     

Breadth of external knowledge sourcing and product innovation: The moderating role of strategic human resource practices

Prior research has argued that external knowledge sourcing can be supported by effective strategic human resource (HR) practices. However, whether and how the adoption of new organizational mechanisms in group settings influences the relationship between external search strategies and innovation performance represents an unanswered question. Therefore, the present paper aims to explore the relationship between the breadth of external knowledge sourcing (i.e., external search breadth) and product innovation by unveiling the moderating effects of strategic HR practices, as represented by the implementation of heterogeneous work groups and brainstorming sessions. On the basis of data from the Italian Innovation Survey, our results reveal that external search breadth is curvilinearly (inverted U) related to product innovation, and its negative effects occur later in the presence of heterogeneous work groups and brainstorming sessions.     

Beggars can be choosers: Resource scarcity,dynamism, search activities,and their joint impact on performance

Research on firm search stresses the need for firms to adapt and align concurrently with their environment to optimize the ability to sense and seize opportunities for sustained performance. We postulate resource scarcity as an important contingency factor for the search-performance relationship, and assess its joint influence with high and low dynamism. Using a dataset spanning 23 years, we examine the performance implications of combinations of internal and external exploratory and exploitative search in resource-scarce environments, under conditions of high and low dynamism. We find that resource scarcity is an important condition for performance stemming from exploratory and exploitative search: even under conditions that involve low dynamism, but joined with resource scarcity, firms may benefit from pursuing exploratory and exploitative knowledge simultaneously.     

反应型和先动型市场导向对产品创新和经营绩效的影响研究

探讨了反应型和先动型市场导向是否影响以及如何影响利用式创新和探索式创新,进而影响企业的经营绩效。对227家制造型企业的问卷调查研究结果显示:①反应型和先动型市场导向及利用式和探索式创新量表在我国制造业环境下具有良好的信度和效度;②2种类型市场导向对2种程度的创新均具有正向影响,其中,先动型市场导向对组织创新和企业绩效的促进作用更为明显;③2种类型的创新都有助于改善企业绩效;④创新均衡对企业绩效的改善也有显著作用。此外,研究为我国制造企业在何种程度上采纳市场导向战略管理工具来改善组织创新和经营绩效,提供了管理上的启示。     

创新支点还是保守枷锁：绿色供应链管理实践如何撬动企业绩效？

现有研究表明,绿色供应链管理实践和绿色创新均对企业绩效产生显著影响,但缺乏对上述三者内部关系的深入阐释。本文基于知识基础观,从动态开放视角分别引入双元知识搜索和绿色社会资本两个变量,构建三阶调节中介效应模型,探究企业绿色供应链管理实践对绿色创新和企业绩效之间深层次的作用机制。研究结果显示：绿色供应链管理实践撬动企业绩效增长的关键在于绿色创新在两者之间发挥中介作用;同时依赖于双元知识搜索对该中介作用的调节效应,且上述双元知识搜索的调节效应受绿色社会资本的再次正向调节。本文从理论上延伸了绿色供应链管理研究范畴;从实践上为企业从绿色供应链管理实践中获益提供借鉴和指导。     

Linking Dynamic Absorptive Capacity and Service Innovation for Born Global Service Firms: An Organization Innovation Lens Perspective

Grounded in the dynamic capabilities approach and organizational sub-system view on internationalization, this quantitative study develops and empirically tests a model of international market performance of born global service firms. While several scholars highlighted innovativeness as a driver of competitiveness for born global firms, the capacities underlying the born global firm's innovativeness have received limited scholarly attention, specifically, dynamic absorptive capacities (exploratory, transformative, and exploitative learning capacities). The uniqueness of this paper posits that dynamic absorptive capacities in a born global service firm have contributed to innovation and resulted in international market outcomes. The data was collected using the survey method from born global service firms and was analyzed using structured equation modeling. The findings of this study reveal that service innovation and business strategy are critical drivers of international performance for born global service firms. The paper contributes to the literature on the significance of absorptive capacity in born global service firms by identifying those dynamic absorptive capacities that operate in a composite set of relationships with other capabilities and significantly contribute to their innovation, impacting their internationalization outcomes. This study also supplements the theoretical and practical implications derived from the key findings of this study and provides future research directions.