高管胜任特征与战略导向的匹配对企业绩效的影响

"培养和开发与战略导向匹配的高层管理者"一直是战略管理与人力资源管理领域共同关注的重要问题。本文基于权变理论,系统分析了高管胜任特征与战略导向的匹配对企业绩效的影响。研究结果显示:第一,成本导向型、创新导向型和质量导向型3种战略导向类型在我国企业确实存在,且不同类型的战略导向对企业绩效有差异性影响,其中创新导向型企业与质量导向型企业都比成本导向型企业具有较高的财务绩效和人力资源绩效。第二,单维度高管胜任特征与不同战略导向匹配对企业绩效有差异性影响,其中战略意识对各战略导向型企业的绩效均有显著影响,组织建设能力对质量导向型与创新导向型企业的绩效有显著影响,品质素养对质量导向型企业的绩效和创新导向型企业的人力资源绩效有显著影响,而洞察力仅对质量导向型与创新导向型企业的人力资源绩效有显著影响。第三,多维度高管胜任特征与不同战略导向匹配对企业绩效有差异性影响,高管战略意识与成本导向型和质量导向型企业匹配,高管战略意识和组织建设能力与创新导向型企业匹配。基于此,本文对研究结果进行了讨论,并对单维和多维高管胜任特征与战略导向匹配对企业绩效影响的差异进行了拓展分析,同时给出了研究结果的管理启示。通过研究,旨在丰富与扩展高管胜任特征、战略导向与企业绩效之间匹配关系的研究,为理解与解释中国企业的战略决策提供了理论依据与实证支持。     

供应链管理实施对组织绩效的影响分析

本文将竞争优势作为中介变量,构建了一个供应链管理实施与组织绩效间关系的理论模型,并以来自西南和华南等地区的177个企业为实证样本,用结构方程模型对理论模型和研究假设进行实证检验。结果显示,供应链管理实施对竞争优势、组织绩效有显著直接影响,并且通过竞争优势还对组织绩效产生显著的间接影响;竞争优势对于供应链管理实施与组织绩效间关系具有部分中介效应。     

创业导向有助于提升企业绩效吗——基于创业导向型企业高管胜任特征的中介效应

创业导向与企业绩效关系的讨论一直是创业研究领域的热门话题,本文以创业导向型企业的高管胜任特征作为中介变量,通过规范的实证研究过程,揭示其对创业导向与企业绩效关系的影响路径与作用机制.研究发现,创业导向整体的确可以提升企业的绩效水平,而这种对企业绩效的正向促进作用主要是通过创新性和先行性两个维度得以体现;创业导向型企业的高管胜任特征对企业绩效产生正向的影响,这一发现从结果变量的角度验证了本文构建的高管胜任特征量表的有效性;创业导向型企业的高管胜任特征在创业导向整体与企业绩效的关系中起到部分中介作用,在创新性与企业绩效的关系中起到完全中介作用,在先行性与企业绩效的关系中起到部分中介作用.基于以上发现,本文进行了分析讨论并给出了对管理实践的启示,试图为解释中国企业的创业战略决策提供理论依据与实证支持.     

政治关系与组织绩效的关系研究

以组织学习和动态能力、政治关系对绩效的影响为中介变量,构建了一个政治关系、组织学习、动态能力与绩效关系的理论模型;然后以广东珠三角地区166家企业为调查对象,采用SEM方法进行实证检验。研究结果发现,政治关系是否影响以及如何影响组织绩效,在很大程度上取决于企业所在行业的特征与企业本身的特点:对于非知识密集型企业而言,政治关系可以通过组织学习与动态能力间接地提高绩效水平;对于知识密集型企业而言,政治关系对于组织绩效、动态能力以及组织学习均没有显著的影响。     

高绩效人力资源管理与企业绩效:战略实施能力的中介作用

本文以战略人力资源管理理论为基础,从人力资源管理的功能出发,运用我国医药行业企业的样本,对Becker和Huselid(2006)提出的企业的战略实施能力是高绩效人力资源管理影响企业绩效的中介变量的思想进行了检验。结果表明:第一,高绩效人力资源管理对战略实施能力具有显著的影响;第二,高绩效人力资源管理对企业绩效具有显著的影响;第三,高绩效人力资源管理对企业经营结果的影响是通过战略实施能力实现的。本文的研究结果有力地支持了企业的战略实施能力是人力资源管理影响企业绩效的中介变量的假说,为探索人力资源管理影响企业绩效的"暗箱"进行了一次有益的尝试。论文最后讨论了本研究的管理实践含义和理论意义以及存在的局限性。     

企业家社会网络、组织能力与集群企业成长绩效

通过将社会网络理论和组织能力理论引入集群企业成长研究,以浙江省集群企业为对象,对企业家社会网络是否以及如何通过组织能力影响企业成长绩效进行了实证分析.研究发现:企业家社会网络对组织能力具有正向影响;组织能力的2个维度对集群企业成长绩效均有显著的正向影响;企业家社会网络与集群企业成长绩效正相关,其中,除了关系强度外,达高性和开放性并不对集群企业成长绩效产生直接影响,而是通过组织能力这一中介变量对集群企业成长绩效产生间接影响.     

组织学习、战略柔性对企业绩效影响的实证研究

通过对组织学习能力、战略柔性及企业绩效的相关文献的系统梳理,探索性地提出了一个体现组织学习能力、战略柔性以及企业绩效之间关系的结构模型,采用多行业的样本数据,运用SPSS和结构方程模型,通过样本分析,检验了组织学习能力对不同类型的战略柔性(资源柔性和能力柔性)的影响,以及资源柔性和能力柔性分别对于企业绩效的影响;通过假说验证分析,辅助各变量R2值的分析,企业绩效的53.6%被战略柔性的影响作用所解释,又由于资源柔性对企业绩效的影响作用不显著,所以被解释的企业绩效很大程度上源于能力柔性的影响.研究表明确实存在组织学习能力对战略柔性的影响作用,以及不同类型的战略柔性(资源柔性和能力柔性)对企业绩效影响的差异,从而为企业提高经营绩效提供理论基础和有效途径.     

供应商参与新产品开发对企业自主创新能力的影响研究

本文以装备制造企业为实证研究对象,探讨了供应商参与新产品开发对企业自主创新能力的影响关系.同时,构建了包括供应商参与新产品开发、关系互动、知识创造、企业自主创新能力四个变量的概念模型,并提出相应的理论假设.通过结构方程模型的检验,表明供应商参与新产品开发对关系互动和知识创造均有显著的正向影响,进而通过两者对企业自主创新能力有显著正向影响.     

网络嵌入结构对企业创新行为影响的实证研究

本文基于网络结构嵌入理论,研究了网络结构不同维度对企业创新行为的影响。利用331份企业有效样本数据进行统计分析,对本文的理论模型进行了检验。实证研究结果表明:关系强度、网络位置和网络密度均对渐进式创新产生显著正向影响,而对突变式创新产生显著负向影响;网络异质性对渐进式创新产生显著负向影响,但对突变式创新产生显著正向影响。     

影响企业IT应用水平的关键因素比较分析

通过实证研究发现,企业制度能力和流程管理能力对企业IT应用水平存在显著影响;在企业ISO采纳环境下,讨论了这2种关键能力对企业IT应用水平影响程度,有效地解释了ISO作为调节变量如何影响中外企业IT应用水平;发现了中外企业IT应用水平的差异来自于管理模式的差异;同时,提出中国企业可以通过学习外资企业更多地关注流程管理能力的改善、优化和加强管理制度能力构建,充分利用IT技术固化2种能力,推动企业IT应用水平提升。     

公司治理与资本结构对上市公司价值创造能力综合影响的实证研究

董事会特征、股权结构、资本结构、公司财务、公司价值等都是不可直接观测的潜变量,为定量研究其内在关系带来了挑战。本文在分析公司治理与资本结构对上市公司价值创造能力影响机理的基础上构建结构方程模型,通过因子分析对潜变量进行计量,通过路径分析讨论潜变量之间的依赖关系,并建立上市公司价值创造能力影响因素的综合分析框架,从整体上评估董事会特征、股权结构、资本结构、公司财务等因素对上市公司价值创造能力的直接和间接影响效果。结果表明:董事会特征与股权结构对上市公司价值创造能力的直接影响都不显著,只是存在间接影响;资本结构既存在直接影响,也存在间接影响;公司财务存在直接影响;进一步,按照对上市公司价值创造能力总体影响程度大小依次排序为:资本结构、股权结构、公司财务、董事会特征。     

Effects of role variables on job satisfaction

This study examines the effects of role variables on job satisfaction among physician and non-physician executives in hospital settings. Positive relationships were found for both groups between role variables and job satisfaction. The results indicate that role variables have a significant effect on stress, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment in the physician executive and the non-physician health care executive. On a theoretical level, this research allowed for an extended test of role theory, specifically as it applies to the management of health care. The implications of these findings for role theory and the physician executive are discussed. Since this study is of an exploratory nature, it offers new insights into the field of health care management, and the physician's role as the executive.     

经理才能、公司治理与契约参照点——中国上市公司高管薪酬决定因素的理论与实证分析

本文沿着中国企业激励制度市场化改革和全球公司治理趋同这两条主线,基于超越最优契约范式的市场配置视角、经理权力视角以及契约订立过程中的参照点效应,提出了关于中国上市公司高管薪酬决定因素的三组理论假设。基于502家上市公司2001至2006年平衡面板数据的实证研究显示,高管薪酬水平的上升反映了市场对经理才能日益增长的竞争性需求,但旨在约束经理权力、构架完备的公司治理机制并未发挥有效作用。此外,国际同行的薪酬基准对中国公司的高管薪酬决策具有参照点效应,这种薪酬设定过程中存在的参照点效应因薪酬委员会的存在而被放大。     

高管持股、高管的私有收益与公司的并购行为

探讨公司高管发动的并购行为与谋取个人私有收益行为之间的关联性,并尝试从高级管理层的私有收益角度对公司高管的并购行为进行研究.基于代理成本理论及中国高管薪酬管制和公司并购的特殊制度背景,以1999年～2007年全部A股上市公司为样本,采用固定效应回归、随机效应回归和分层回归的实证方法,得到一些重要结论.实证结果表明,中国上市公司并购已经成为高管谋取私有收益的机会主义行为,通过发动并购行动高管获得更高的薪酬和在职消费,而高管发动并购事件谋求在职消费的私有收益动机最为明显.通过分层回归还发现,目前中国的制度环境下管理者持股水平虽然相对较低,但这一股权激励的确能够适当缓解高管以谋取私有收益为目的而发动毁损股东价值的并购行为.     

Improve Board Effectiveness: the Need for Incentives

Roberts, McNulty and Stiles (2005) focus on the attitudes and behaviours of non-executive directors in their recommendations for improving board effectiveness. This paper addresses the importance of providing incentives for non-executives in order to improve board effectiveness. It first points out that the current norms and practices in corporate governance suggest that, without strong incentives, non-executive directors are unlikely to become engaged in corporate governance, to challenge executive decision, and to remain independent of executive influences. It then proposes that, for non-executive directors to develop the attitudes and behaviors recommended by Roberts, McNulty and Stiles, it is important to require them own a significant amount of company stocks over a long period of time. It also addresses some concerns regarding the use of stock ownership to improve the effectiveness of non-executive directors in corporate governance.     

Organizational Slack and Corporate Greening: Broadening the Debate

Organizational slack seems to have an ambiguous relationship with corporate greening. On the one hand, excess resources can be used to experiment with new environmental innovations, or potential green market segments. On the other, excess resources can be used to build corporate buffers against pressures for environmental improvement, such as large corporate environmental departments or environmental lobbying activity, and resist changes to the core of the organization. This paper begins to resolve these conflicting arguments by broadening the debate on organizational slack and corporate greening. It builds on recent empirical studies of slack and corporate greening, and recognizes the many potential roles that different types of slack may play in a dynamic decision–making context. Using a theoretical framework suggested by Bourgeois (1981), the paper systematizes and draws lessons from examples of the roles of slack encountered in a recent series of 35 interviews within UK public limited companies. It concludes that future treatments of slack and environmental management should incorporate a more holistic view of slack, which recognizes its dynamic, complex and often contradictory effects on decision–making in organizations.     

Behavioral aspects of corporate planning

Most models of corporate planning neglect to include behavioral variables. This is unfortunate, as human behavior is typically the most dynamic component of any planning system. Should behavioral variables be overlooked, due to their difficult measurability, or for other reasons, the planning system will inevitably prove deficient in terms of predictability and control. Accounting for human resources and other behavioral measurements should be routinely included in any corporate planning model. A component of such a system would include the output from a stochastic process model of expected future values of employee services. The theoretical development of such a model is briefly discussed in this paper.     

An executive hierarchy analysis of stock options: Does gender matter<Emphasis Type="Italic">?</Emphasis>

This study takes a step forward in addressing the influence of stock options on executive risk-taking behavior, examining the moderating role of the executive hierarchy—CEOs versus non-CEO executives—and the gender effect within these corporate positions. Panel data analysis for matched samples of S&P 1500 listed firms between 2006 and 2011 confirms both hierarchical and gender differences in the relationship between executive stock options (ESOs) and risk taking. The maximum wealth at risk at which risk-increasing behavior changes to risk-reducing behavior—in the inverted U-shaped relationship—is higher for CEOs than for non-CEO executives, while gender differences in the ESO risk-taking effect are stronger at the level of CEOs. Thus, our evidence shows the importance of considering executive’s decision-making freedom (by means of hierarchy) in order to predict risk preferences according to executive gender.     

基于激励机制的指数化股票期权模型及其应用

股票期权的激励作用受到股市有效性的很大影响,股市的弱有效性使得经理层股票期权的收益发生扭曲。本文介绍了建立在基准指数基础上的指数化股票期权模型,分析了该模型的假设条件和约定价格的构造原理,并采用实例对指数化模型的定价效果进行了验证。     

Der Einfluss von Mehrfachmandatstr?gern auf die Unternehmensperformance

Although interlocking directorates are regularly associated with a negative connotation, empirical evidence is as yet insufficient to offer convincing answers about their impact on performance. Contradicting results can mostly be explained both by the use of different theoretical frameworks and value creation measures. In order to shed more light as to what effect busy directors have on shareholder??s wealth, we have developed a two-pillar model explaining the potential contributions of directorship interlocks to value creation within an enlarged corporate governance perspective. The validity of the model has been tested through a panel data analysis of director networks within German Blue Chip corporations over a 5 year period from 2001 to 2005. Empirical tests indicate that the performance effects of interlocks depend on the nature of the board positions occupied. Moreover, statistical modelling confirms the existence of cognitive contributions of interlocked directors and partially shows positive effects on value creation. Finally the study argues in favour of board composition without external executive directors and suggests that a simple reduction of the number of external board positions legally authorized, does not within itself enhance corporate performance.