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1.
近几年,中国企业进入海外投资扩张时期,进入区域与以往发达国家相比有明显的差异,既有越南等下游国家,也有美国等上游国家。本文首先分别对基于海外直接投资动机和制度基础观对海外直接投资区位选择关系的研究进行梳理并综述,并对我国企业海外直接投资区域选择的未来研究方向提出理论框架。  相似文献   

2.
我国对外直接投资区位选择影响因素的实证分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
本文将在以往研究的基础上,用2005年、2006年相关数据建立中国对外直接投资的计量经济模型,分析影响中国对外直接投资区位选择的因素。  相似文献   

3.
本文基于中国转型经济制度背景,以2005年-2007年间中国上市公司为对象,考察了地方政府治理水平对企业投资行为的作用机理。研究发现较高的地方政府治理水平能够激励和监督管理者做出基于公司专有信息的投资决策,而不是盲目地模仿行业内其他公司的投资行为,降低行业和公司层面的投资同步性。如果地方政府治理水平较高,公司利益被政府或其他官僚机构侵占概率会降低,这会提高公司从信息采集中获取的期望收益,降低公司投资同步性;进一步研究发现,地方政府治理水平对公司投资同步性的影响在终极产权不同性质的公司中存在着显著性差异,相对国有企业,地方政府对投资行为的治理效应在民营企业中更显著,政府治理对国有企业投资行为的影响随着实际控制人的行政级别提高而降低。  相似文献   

4.
武立东  江津  王凯 《管理科学》2016,29(2):52-65
组织中的地位差异是影响组织决策效率的关键因素。基于组织理论,从公司董事会内部地位差异的视角,探讨董事会成员地位差异对企业投资行为的影响机理。以2009年至2013年沪深两市A股上市公司为样本,在使用基尼系数度量董事会成员地位差异的基础上,运用STATA 12.0软件和多元回归分析方法,系统分析董事会成员地位差异与企业投资行为之间的关系,并探讨环境不确定性对地位差异与投资行为之间关系的调节作用。研究结果表明,随着董事会成员地位差异的升高,成员间信息交流受到阻碍,从而显著加重了企业投资不足的情况;当外部环境不确定性升高时,董事会成员地位差异与投资不足的关系会得到缓解。研究进一步发现,基于董事社会资本形成的地位差异会加重企业投资不足的情况,而基于政治资本形成的地位差异则与投资不足没有显著的相关关系。当考虑外部环境不确定性的影响时,基于政治资本形成的地位差异会加重企业的投资不足,但随着环境不确定性的升高,基于政治资本所形成的地位差异对投资不足的影响会被削弱; 而基于社会资本形成的地位差异对投资不足的影响并没有随环境不确定性的升高而发生改变。研究结论提高了对于组织内部成员间相互关系的理解,同时也为如何从团队整体角度考虑董事会成员的构成提供了一定的实践指导和理论参考。  相似文献   

5.
徐光伟  孙铮  刘星 《管理评论》2020,(1):246-261
层出不穷的"黑天鹅"事件加剧了市场恐慌情绪导致全球经济政策不确定性创出新高。宏观经济政策不确定性对微观企业投资行为会产生怎样影响?本文利用上市公司2007-2016年季度数据,实证检验了经济政策不确定性对企业实体投资与虚拟投资行为的影响。以Baker等开发的中国经济政策不确定性指数发现:(1)经济政策不确定性与企业实体投资活动之间呈显著负相关关系,经济政策不确定性攀升导致企业实体投资下降;而经济政策不确定性与企业虚拟投资活动之间呈显著正相关关系,经济政策不确定性攀升反而导致企业虚拟投资上升。(2)经济政策不确定性攀升导致实物资产投资成本上升抑制了企业实体投资活动,投资成本是不确定性影响微观企业实体投资的中介路径;相对而言,经济政策不确定性攀升却导致金融资产投资收益上升刺激了企业虚拟投资活动,投资收益是不确定性影响微观企业虚拟投资的中介路径。(3)政府干预弱化了经济政策不确定性与企业投资行为之间的关系,而市场竞争、公司治理强化了经济政策不确定性与企业投资行为之间的关系。政府干预、市场竞争、公司治理对经济政策不确定性与企业投资行为之间的关系具有显著的调节作用。本文研究力图打开企业资本配置内部结构黑箱,拓展微观企业投资行为研究内容,揭示宏观经济政策不确定性对微观企业投资行为影响的内在机理与路径,为当前全球不确定事件的经济影响以及中国经济"脱实向虚"问题研究提供了有意义的借鉴。  相似文献   

6.
食用农产品是食品加工企业的战略性原料,确保其质量安全是企业选择其投资交易治理模式的首要目标。食用农产品质量安全主要由两类不确定性因素造成:一是交易方机会主义行为不确定性;二是客观环境不确定性。因此,本文基于交易成本理论和期权交易治理理论,探讨了影响质量安全的这两类不确定性因素对战略性原料投资治理模式选择的综合影响,构建了一个食用农产品战略性原料投资治理的实证模型。在此基础上,根据对中国乳制品企业的调查问卷,对研究假设进行实证检验。结果表明:(1)这两类不确定性因素共同作用于农食战略性原料投资治理模式的选择,但作用方向相反。而且,客观环境不确定性对治理模式选择主效应更为明显。(2)对于我国乳制品企业而言,紧密型关系治理模式(如合作社和战略联盟)是原料奶投资的较优治理模式选择。  相似文献   

7.
本文采用《中国工业企业数据库》和《境外投资企业(机构)名录》,考察了2005~2007年中国制造业产能利用率对对外直接投资的影响。稳健结果支持了产能过剩引致海外直接投资扩张的基本结论。这主要是源于中国制造业的产能过剩突出体现着体制性产能过剩的特征。基于行业特征和所有制结构的估计结果进一步证实,中国经济制度的特殊性已成为影响海外直接投资的重要因素。竞争性产能过剩是市场行为的理性选择,并不存在进行对外直接投资的内在驱动力;而体制性产能过剩当面临国内有效需求不足时,进行对外直接投资就成为必然选择。围绕实证分析结论,本文提出了有关政策建议,即消除中国经济体制对于行业企业投资行为的扭曲干预具有十分重要的现实价值。  相似文献   

8.
通过实证分析,可以看出,中国企业对外直接投资的市场规模敏感程度大于成本因素敏感程度,而技术竞争力的薄弱,东道国较高的技术水平对中国对外直接投资具有抑制作用,但双边贸易关系并不影响中国对外直接投资开展,东道国资源禀赋也不是中国对外直接投资的显著影响因素。所以,正确的区位、产业和市场份额选择都是中国企业扩大对外直接投资应考虑的因素。有选择的转移国内产能过剩的边际产业,可以为国内产业结构升级留出资源和推动产业结构升级。  相似文献   

9.
在对87家采用战略人力资源管理的企业进行数据调查的基础上,采用内容分析法对这些企业的人力资源管理说明进行研究和统计分析,归纳出影响因素,构建战略人力资源管理选择动因理论模型。研究结果发现,重视员工、组织目标、环境不确定性是影响中国企业采用战略人力资源管理的主要因素;这3种影响因素在国有企业、民营企业、外(合)资企业中没有显著差异;重视员工、组织目标在企业行业属性上亦不存在显著差异,而环境不确定性在不同行业企业则有显著差异。  相似文献   

10.
本文在制度理论的分析框架下,研究合法性压力和不确定性条件下企业信息披露中的模仿行为及由此导致的制度同形现象.本文以2006-2010年我国重污染行业上市公司年报中的环境信息披露为研究对象,发现企业环境信息披露存在同形性和模仿行为,且属于模仿其它企业平均水平的频率模仿,而不是模仿领先者.本文将已有的信息披露研究从经济学分析的视角向经济社会学进行拓展,丰富了对信息披露过程中决策者认知过程和制度化过程的认识,同时也透过信息披露中的模仿行为从更加微观的层面为制度化过程中的趋同现象提供了新的证据.  相似文献   

11.
Logistic objectives constitute a compromise between having short leadtimes and a low volume of work in progress on the one hand and a high resource loading and due date obligation on the other. Miscellaneous production planning approaches offered today provide different combinations of logistic objectives for satisfying a manufacturing strategy. To combine the strength of the various approaches into a unified system, a new approach based on a dynamic and distributed production planning methodology is proposed. To customize the approach, various analyses and specifications have to be made and for that reason some important characteristics and criteria for analysing production control philosophies will be given.  相似文献   

12.
Penny Dick 《Work and stress》2000,14(3):226-244
The police profession is one in which acute stressors are encountered more frequently than in other occupations. Using the personal accounts of 35 police officers attending an in-house stress counselling clinic, the aim of the present study was to provide a qualitative examination of how the institutional context of policing influenced the ways in which acute stressors signified to individual police officers experiencing felt distress. Using the framework of Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy as an analytical tool, it is argued that beliefs contributing to the experience of felt distress are related to the way in which policing as both an identity and an activity is constructed through the police organizational culture. Not only do these constructions influence the ways in which officers perceive themselves and their environments, but they also operate at the collective level to 'normalize' some emotional responses and to 'pathologize' others which, it is argued, could impact upon the outcomes of interventions such as stress counselling.  相似文献   

13.
Management, human resources, organization, control, leadership, etc., all seem to be just so many euphemisms for power, and this suggests a discourse of management and organization that calls things by their proper name. This paper on the contrary stresses the need to resolve the concept of ‘power’ itself into more differentiated notions, and proposes that clarification may be derived from distinctions once explicit in the vocabulary of Classical antiquity, but lost in modern European languages. It argues that nothing but confusion in thinking about organizations, management and legitimation can result from the failure to recognize that the phenomena this vocabulary identifies and distinguishes are irreducibly different.  相似文献   

14.
This guest editorial is a summary of the NCSU/USDA Workshop on Sensitivity Analysis held June 11–12, 2001 at North Carolina State University and sponsored by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Office of Risk Assessment and Cost Benefit Analysis. The objective of the workshop was to learn across disciplines in identifying, evaluating, and recommending sensitivity analysis methods and practices for application to food‐safety process risk models. The workshop included presentations regarding the Hazard Assessment and Critical Control Points (HACCP) framework used in food‐safety risk assessment, a survey of sensitivity analysis methods, invited white papers on sensitivity analysis, and invited case studies regarding risk assessment of microbial pathogens in food. Based on the sharing of interdisciplinary information represented by the presentations, the workshop participants, divided into breakout sessions, responded to three trigger questions: What are the key criteria for sensitivity analysis methods applied to food‐safety risk assessment? What sensitivity analysis methods are most promising for application to food safety and risk assessment? and What are the key needs for implementation and demonstration of such methods? The workshop produced agreement regarding key criteria for sensitivity analysis methods and the need to use two or more methods to try to obtain robust insights. Recommendations were made regarding a guideline document to assist practitioners in selecting, applying, interpreting, and reporting the results of sensitivity analysis.  相似文献   

15.
This study examined the antecedents of job strain (emotional exhaustion, health complaints) and withdrawal behaviour (e.g. lowered organizational commitment) among a cross-sectional sample of 131 academic staff members of the law department of a large Dutch university. Conservation of resources theory (Hobfoll, 1989) provided the theoretical background for this study. Strains and withdrawal behaviours were expected to be most prominent among those who reported having few resources and/or who reported high job demands. Structural equation modelling revealed that this was indeed the case. As predicted, differential patterns of effects emerged for job demands and job resources. Analysis of the effects of four job-specific stressors revealed that especially the structural aspects of a staff member's teaching task (e.g. the number of students in their classes) contributed strongly to perceived job demands. Theoretical and practical implications of the study are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Problems in studying occupational stress within the police service are identified and the paucity of work on operational duties as potential stressors are discussed. The present study reports the results of a factor analysis of operational stressors (N = 601 serving British police officers) that revealed three factors: exposure to death and disaster; violence and injury; sexual crime. These were demonstrated to be reliable scales and were included in logistic regression models together with a range of demographic and psychological variables. Models were applied to men and women separately, which showed there to be different predictors of the likelihood of suffering distress (measured by the General Health Questionnaire, GHQ) in terms of the officer's gender and operational role. Overall the model for women officers was better at predicting psychological distress than that for men. These findings are related to aspects of the police occupational culture. Further discussion is offered that conceptualizes police operational stressors as traumatic, routine and vicarious. Finally, some implications are drawn for the provision of stress intervention in the light of this differentiation.  相似文献   

17.
This paper examines whether social support is a boundary-determining criterion in the job strain model of Karasek (1979). The particular focus is the extent to which different sources of social support, work overload and task control influence job satisfaction, depersonalization and supervisor assessments of work performance. Hypotheses are tested using prospective survey data from 80 clerical staff in a university setting. Results revealed 3-way interactions among levels of support (supervisor, co-worker, non-work), perceived task control and work overload on levels of work performance and employee adjustment (self-report). After controlling for levels of negative affect in all analyses, there was evidence that high levels of supervisor support mitigated against the negative effects of high strain jobs on levels of job satisfaction and reduced reported levels of depersonalization. Moreover, high levels of non-work support and co-worker support also mitigated against the negative effects of high strain jobs on levels of work performance. The results are discussed in terms of the importance of social support networks both at, and beyond, the work context.  相似文献   

18.
This paper presents research on the relationships between the work-related stressor of perceived job insecurity and various indicators of occupational strain, taking into account employees' personality dispositions (trait negative and positive affectivity) and coping resources. Respondents were 222 Australian public servants surveyed during organizational restructuring that involved downsizing and threat to job certainty. The research was formulated within an adaptation of Osipow, Doty, and Spokane's (1985) framework of stress-strain-coping that included the possible direct as well as moderating effects of personality dispositions in reporting occupational strain (Parkes, 1990). Findings from hierarchical regression analyses indicate consistent significant independent effects of personality dispositions, coping resources and perceived job insecurity on various indicators of strain. There was also support for the moderating roles of negative affectivity and self-care in the relation between perceived job insecurity and physical strain. Implications for the role of dispositional factors, especially negative affectivity, and the utility of various coping resources in accounting for occupational strain in times of threatened job security are discussed.  相似文献   

19.
There is a current surge of writings on spirituality and related topics. For instance, Woodward (1997) has pointed out that since Thomas Moore's publication of Care of the Soul in 1994 there have been nearly 800books published with the word soul in the title. These run all the way from Chicken Soup for theWoman's Soul (Canfield et al., 1996) to A Guide to Liberating YourSoul (Barrett, 1995). Spirituality of work is a big part of this surge. Definitionsof spirituality of work seem to vary widely. Bowman (1998, p. 8) in his `reviewof the phenomenon of spirituality of work' found `Definitions of the term spirituality in the context of the Spirituality of Work troublesome and particularly subjective. Many writers do not even attempt definitions.' The purpose of this article is to review the concept of spirituality of work in its historical and current use and to propose a comprehensive definition.  相似文献   

20.
UNIX系统性能监控简述及shell系统资源统计程序   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
唐川 《科学咨询》2009,(7):39-40
本文简要阐述了unix系统中(主要以IBM的AIX为例)进行系统性能管理的几种命令行工具,并通过编写shell实例程序,运用其中提到的工具实现系统资源利用率的统计程序,为做好unix系统管理和调优提供参考.  相似文献   

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