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1.
以汽车产业1985~2010年协作研发网络中所有3 800家企业申请的专利及参与制定的技术标准情况为面板数据,应用负二项随机效应回归模型,探讨了企业网络位置、技术多元化程度及其对企业参与技术标准制定的影响。研究结果表明:在网络中的度数中心度及结构洞的丰富程度越高的企业,在技术标准制定中的影响力越大;技术多元化程度高的企业在技术标准制定中更具影响力优势;技术多元化在网络位置(度数中心度、结构洞的丰富程度)与企业在技术标准制定中的影响力之间存在很强的中介作用。  相似文献   

2.
社会网络理论的兴起和发展为企业创新研究领域提供了全新的视角。以往研究虽然考察了企业通过合作、联盟协议等方式形成的企业社会网络对创新的影响,但是这些方式相比于人员流动而言,并非是获取其他企业的知识和信息资源的最直接方式。本文基于领英(中国)职业社交网站的人才简历数据,从社会网络视角构建了一个新颖的由人员流动而形成的企业人力资本社会网络,并实证研究了我国上市企业人力资本社会网络位置对其创新绩效的影响。同时,本文依据流动人才的类型进一步将人力资本社会网络细分为技术型人力资本社会网络和管理型人力资本社会网络。结果表明,上市企业人力资本社会网络的中心度和结构洞与企业创新绩效呈显著正相关关系。文章最后讨论了本研究的理论贡献与实践启示。  相似文献   

3.
杨莹 《经营与管理》2014,(1):133-135
本文从企业网络的视角分析企业创新绩效的影响因素,用网络关系和网络位置作为企业网络的划分维度。通过文献研究,总结出不同类型的网络关系。并结合位置中心度和结构洞的理论共同进行阐述。  相似文献   

4.
开放式创新背景下,企业在技术创新网络中与外部创新群体的网络关系对创新绩效的影响研究已广受关注。以企业资源观和社会网络理论为基础,利用结构方程和层级回归分析方法,选取网络位置为中介变量、技术能力为调节变量,探究了企业协同能力对技术创新绩效的影响机理。研究结果表明:企业协同能力和网络位置对技术创新绩效有显著正向影响;网络位置的中心度变量在企业协同能力和技术创新绩效间起部分中介作用,结构洞中介作用不显著;技术能力以中心度为中介对企业协同能力和技术创新绩效有正向调节作用。研究结论能够为企业网络式创新提供实践依据。  相似文献   

5.
以中国2004年至2010年沪深A股中涉及交叉持股的上市公司为样本,运用社会网络分析方法,刻画中国上市公司因交叉持股而建立联系的企业间网络的形态,使用中心性和结构洞两个指标衡量上市公司在交叉持股网络中的位置特征,实证检验上市公司嵌入在交叉持股网络中位置特征对企业绩效的影响。研究结果表明,中国上市公司间交叉持股网络属于典型的无标度网络,各节点之间的连接状况(度数)具有不均匀分布性质,上市公司间交叉持股网络具有较低的网络密度(0.002),网络成员间的联系不是很紧密。多元回归结果表明,中心性和结构洞指标对企业绩效的影响并不显著,但对于不同所有权性质的上市公司而言,网络位置特征对企业绩效影响却存在显著差异,与国有企业相比,非国有企业(尤其是民营企业)的网络位置特征对企业绩效有显著的正向促进作用。  相似文献   

6.
外部环境、内部资源与企业社会责任   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
外部环境和内部资源如何影响企业履行社会责任?本文以中国制造业上市公司2011-2013年数据为样本,研究制度环境(舆论压力)和市场环境(竞争强度)对企业履行社会责任的影响,以及企业内部两种类型资源的调节作用。研究表明,舆论压力会促进企业履行社会责任,而竞争强度与企业履行社会责任呈"∩"形关系。进一步研究发现,企业资源(政治关系和冗余资源)正向调节外部环境对企业履行社会责任的影响。  相似文献   

7.
创业活动的网络化组织已经成为国家或地区的一种新型创新模式,同时也受到越来越多的理论界的关注,网络能力作为企业通过构建外部关系获取各类资源的能力或技巧会对企业绩效产生影响,但其作用的过程机制并未得到进一步的解释。本文的实证研究结果显示企业通过自身的网络能力占据独特的网络位置,这种特定的位置为企业带来优势创新资源,从而提升企业的创业绩效,代表网络位置的中心度与核心度在网络能力与创业绩效之间发挥着不同的中介调节作用。  相似文献   

8.
 网络位置的跃迁能够为联盟内企业带来很多关键性资源和社会效应,联盟内大量企业都试图通过各种途径加速其网络位置的跃迁。已有研究较多从企业自身拥有的网络能力和网络中企业位置嵌入优势探讨网络位置的快速跃迁,忽视网络合作企业位置嵌入的作用,特别是网络位置嵌入存在差异的企业所形成的网络异位置联盟,容易导致资源和信息流动的改变,而对企业网络位置演化产生综合影响。此外,在中国新兴经济情景下,外部环境的变化会影响企业合作意愿以及合作方式的选择,以此动态作用于异位置联盟方式下企业网络位置的演化。        运用资源基础观和信任理论,对比分析同位置联盟和异位置联盟对企业位置跃迁的作用,并检验网络企业嵌入不同行业环境(行业环境动态性和行业环境竞争性)对它们之间关系的权变作用。采用中国信息行业研发合作网络为样本,运用社会网络Ucinet 6.0、Stata 11.0软件和多元回归分析方法进行实证检验。        研究结果表明,与网络同位置联盟相比,异位置联盟更容易促进企业网络位置跃迁;行业环境动态性越强,越会促进网络异位置企业间联盟对企业网络位置跃迁的正向作用;行业环境竞争性对网络异位置联盟与企业网络位置跃迁之间关系没有权变作用。        研究结论进一步明晰了网络异位置联盟对企业网络位置跃迁的作用机理及行业环境对企业网络位置演化作用机制,为企业有效获取和利用网络位置资源提供理论支持。  相似文献   

9.
冗余资源为企业绿色创新带来积极影响的同时也会产生消极作用,但鲜有研究同时聚焦于二者。本文分析了不同类型的冗余资源对绿色创新模式选择的双重影响机制,并从命令控制型和市场激励型规制两个层次,进一步论证了环境规制对于冗余资源和绿色创新之间关系的调节作用。来自中国制造企业调查数据的实证检验发现:(1)已吸收冗余资源对于两种绿色创新都具有消极影响,而未吸收冗余资源对于企业绿色协同式创新具有积极作用,但对于绿色平衡式创新具有消极作用。(2)过于严苛的命令型环境规制会强化冗余资源与绿色创新的负相关关系;相反,市场激励型环境规制会逆转未吸收冗余资源对于绿色平衡式创新的负向影响。(3)市场激励型环境规制也会明显弱化已吸收冗余资源对于绿色协同式创新的负向影响,在高市场激励型规制下,虽然正向效应不明显,但是已经大大削弱了消极负面的影响。(4)两类环境规制在未吸收冗余资源和绿色协同式创新之间的正向关系中都具有强化的调节效应。  相似文献   

10.
彭伟  符正平 《管理科学》2015,28(3):26-37
大量研究表明联盟网络对新创企业绩效提升具有重要的积极作用,但已有研究较少探讨联盟网络提升新创企业绩效的内在机理.整合社会网络理论与资源基础观,以高科技新创企业为研究对象,构建联盟网络、资源整合以及新创企业绩效之间的理论模型,以期打开联盟网络作用于新创企业绩效的黑箱.利用182家中国高科技新创企业的问卷调查数据,综合运用层级线性回归和结构方程建模等方法开展实证检验.研究结果表明,构建强关系联盟网络对新创企业绩效具有显著的促进作用,占据联盟网络的中心性位置对新创企业绩效具有显著的促进作用;联盟网络关系强度和中心性位置都正向影响新创企业资源整合活动;资源整合在联盟网络与新创企业绩效关系中发挥中介作用.研究结论就联盟网络如何影响新创企业绩效的内在机制给出理论阐释,推动联盟网络与新创企业绩效关系研究向过程视角进一步拓展和深化,对中国高科技新创企业通过实施联盟网络战略实现优异绩效具有重要的启示.  相似文献   

11.
The main purpose of this study is to investigate how organizational slack is created and how it affects a firm’s performance. To address these questions, we construct three equations: managerial incentive function, organizational slack formation function and performance function, and we apply 3SLS simultaneously to these functions by using the data sets of 2,791 Japanese firms from the years 2001 and 2006. From the empirical analysis of these Japanese firms, we obtain the following results: a firm’s performance declines as organizational slack increases; organizational slack is affected by annual change rate of revenues but not by managerial incentive; managerial incentive decreases as a firm’s performance improves while it increases as the structure of corporate governance is strengthened.  相似文献   

12.
Organizational Slack and Corporate Greening: Broadening the Debate   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Organizational slack seems to have an ambiguous relationship with corporate greening. On the one hand, excess resources can be used to experiment with new environmental innovations, or potential green market segments. On the other, excess resources can be used to build corporate buffers against pressures for environmental improvement, such as large corporate environmental departments or environmental lobbying activity, and resist changes to the core of the organization. This paper begins to resolve these conflicting arguments by broadening the debate on organizational slack and corporate greening. It builds on recent empirical studies of slack and corporate greening, and recognizes the many potential roles that different types of slack may play in a dynamic decision–making context. Using a theoretical framework suggested by Bourgeois (1981), the paper systematizes and draws lessons from examples of the roles of slack encountered in a recent series of 35 interviews within UK public limited companies. It concludes that future treatments of slack and environmental management should incorporate a more holistic view of slack, which recognizes its dynamic, complex and often contradictory effects on decision–making in organizations.  相似文献   

13.
Abstract

This study explores how supply network degree, closeness, and betweenness centralities affect firm performance, and the moderating effects of organizational reputation (measured by PageRank centrality) and export-orientation. The supply chain relationship empirical data are drawn from manufacturing and manufacturing service companies in Hong Kong, China. Social network analysis and moderated regression analysis were adopted to test the hypotheses for a sample of 814 focal firms with 3086 supply chain ties. The results indicate that in-degree and closeness centralities improve firm performance. Reputation is found to positively moderate the relationship between closeness and sales performance, but negatively moderates the relationship between betweenness and sales performance. Export-orientation has no effect on relationships. This study contributes to the literature by providing additional empirical evidence on the role of supply network position in firm performance. It also introduces PageRank centrality as a new measure of organizational reputation in a supply network.  相似文献   

14.
期望落差导致决策者倾向于冒险创新还是规避风险, 这仍旧是没有解决的重要问题.创新是决策者的冒险动机与冒险能力共同作用的结果, 并且这种作用还将受到企业内部冗余资源以及外部竞争威胁的制约.基于中国民营上市公司数据, 主要得到以下几方面的结论:期望落差所引致的冒险动机与可感知冒险能力的动态变化, 最终导致了企业决策者随着企业期望落差的递增而提升创新投入, 但拐点之后其冒险创新的动力则逐渐减弱;组织冗余在期望落差与企业创新之间起到显著的正向调节作用, 即充足的冗余资源提高了落差状态下的企业创新投入;竞争威胁则在期望落差与企业创新之间起到显著的负向调节作用, 即企业面临的竞争威胁程度越高则越有可能降低它在期望落差状态下的创新投入;最后, 冗余资源与竞争威胁还显著地影响到企业创新投入的曲率及斜率的动态变化.  相似文献   

15.
We combine theory and empirical evidence to develop and test three related claims about how ties strength and structural equivalence affect interorganizational performance similarity. First, network partners attain similar levels of performance because direct network ties facilitate information and resource sharing, and the diffusion of organizational practices. Organizations occupying similar network positions attain similar levels of performance because they face similar competitive constraints. Second, because mechanisms underlying performance similarity implied by direct network ties and similarity in network positions are different, strength of network ties and network position affect different dimensions of organizational performance. Third, we expect that tie strength will affect aspects of performance that are more likely to be influenced by processes activated by the direct contact between network partners. We expect structural equivalence to affect more strongly those aspects of organizational performance that are more directly influenced by competition. An analysis of interorganizational networks and organizational performance within a regional community of hospitals provides evidence in support of these claims. Models estimated on a sample of 8190 interorganizational dyads suggest that the effects of tie strength and structural equivalence on organizational performance are highly differentiated and contingent on specific aspects of performance. We show that these conclusions are robust with respect to a wide variety of other factors that may be responsible for performance similarity including competitive interdependence, structural homophily, and resource complementarity.  相似文献   

16.
以社会网络理论为基础,从跨层次视角分析组织内外部合作网络之间的作用机制,提出组织内部发明人合作网络中心势和结构洞数量,对其嵌入组织间合作网络中心位置具有直接影响和交互作用,并运用2003~2017年无人驾驶技术领域中,6029条无人驾驶技术专利数据进行实证检验。研究显示:组织内部发明人合作网络中心势,负向影响组织嵌入外部研发合作网络的中心位置;组织内部发明人合作网络结构洞数量,正向影响组织嵌入外部研发合作网络的中心位置;二者交互对组织嵌入组织间合作网络中心位置具有负向作用。  相似文献   

17.
This study examines the relationship between multi-divisional (M-form) structure and organizational slack. Findings based on longitudinal analysis data from 62 firms indicate that M-form implementation increases the firm's capacity to manage absorbed slack in the cases of vertically integrated and related diversified firms, and unabsorbed slack in the case of unrelated diversified firms.  相似文献   

18.
《决策科学》2017,48(6):1164-1197
A growing trend in improving innovation outcomes is to go outside the firm's boundaries. One mechanism by which firms extend organizational boundaries is through franchising their channels. Yet, the effects of franchising on innovation outcomes have been overlooked in the literature. We propose that a firm's emphasis on franchising will affect its organizational innovativeness, conceptualized as product and process innovativeness, independently and with other firm characteristics—franchising experience, firm size, financial leverage, and slack resources. We find support for our hypotheses using a nonlinear seemingly unrelated regression model estimated using panel data from 38 U.S. restaurant chains between 1992 and 2005. The positive effect of the emphasis on franchising on product innovativeness is stronger for firms with high financial leverage, but weaker for firms with high slack resources. For process innovativeness, the effect is stronger for firms with high financial leverage but weaker for large firms, and for firms with high franchising experience and high slack resources. The findings indicate that a firm's emphasis on franchising has contingent effects on product and process innovation outcomes. Thus, franchising emerges as a competing mechanism (to alliances and joint ventures) that extends organizational boundaries and affects organizational innovativeness.  相似文献   

19.
企业的冗余程度与基于冗余的技术创新激励合约   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
基于多任务委托代理模型的分析框架,建立了企业员工基于冗余的技术创新活动的信息不对称条件下的委托代理模型,通过对模型的分析,得出了当企业冗余不足时、适度时和过多时等不同情况下的基于冗余的技术创新活动的最优激励合同的条件,同时.还提出了效率风险概念,从理论上解释了企业普遍存在的一种现象:做出重大贡献者往往并不能分享相应的份额.  相似文献   

20.
Managers make decisions to adopt technological innovations within an organizational context. This research explores the role of organizational climate as it affects the impacts of organizational context on innovativeness. Context refers here to organizational size, slack resources, and organizational age. We analyze three known climate dimensions as moderator variables: risk orientation, external orientation, and achievement orientation. Data describe the adoption of medical imaging technologies by 70 hospitals. Climate measures come from several technology decision-makers within each organization. Technology measures of radicalness and relative advantage are ratings by five outside experts in the use of these 68 technologies. The study also includes the traditional measure that counts the overall number of innovations adopted. Innovativeness is a multi-dimensional composite variable composed of radicalness, relative advantage, and number of innovations adopted. As expected, results show that organizational size and slack are positively related with innovativeness. Hierarchical regression analyses indicate that the climate measures of risk orientation and external orientation interact significantly with the context dimensions of organizational size and organizational age. The model developed and tested in this project explains over 50% of the total variance in innovativeness.  相似文献   

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