考虑船舶速度偏差的集装箱班轮运输货运收益鲁棒优化

由于受到天气、海况及航路环境等不确定因素的影响，船舶实际航速常常与计划航速产生偏差，导致班轮运输的航次加油和货物装运策略也产生变化，进而对船舶燃油成本和运费收入产生影响。因此，考虑速度偏差的集装箱班轮运输收益优化研究具有重要的现实意义。为了保证速度偏差不确定性下的各航段船舶航行用油安全，以船舶到达下一挂靠港的船期时间窗为约束，推导得出速度偏差最大情况下的船舶航段最大燃油消耗量显性函数，结合各加油港燃油价格及折扣差异，以及集装箱货物各O-D流量及运费率差异，以班轮运输航次收益鲁棒优化为目标，构建了速度偏差下的集装箱班轮运输收益混合整数非线性规划模型，设计分段线性割线逼近算法进行模型求解。以中国远洋海运集团有限公司的MEX航线数据为实际算例进行了分析验证，结果显示：考虑速度偏差的班轮运输加油和货物装运全局鲁棒优化策略能够有效地提高班轮运输航次货运收益；随着船舶燃油消耗系数和各航段速度偏差极值的增加，班轮运输航次燃油消耗量也随之增加，而航次运费收入和货运收益都将随之减少。研究结论可为船公司制定速度偏差下的集装箱班轮运输决策提供有益的参考。     

刊指委成员单位介绍

<正> 四川省东方轮船公司的前身为万县市轮船公司,组建成立于1967年,系万县市全民所有制水上运输骨干企业。经过二十七年的发展。现已成为拥有职工1200人,资产总值6114万元,各类货运船舶44艘,大型豪华涉外游轮和长江旅游客轮3艘,各类客货车20余辆,客货码头6座和修造船厂、仓库、贷场、饭店等多种设施,经营业务涉及水陆客货运输、船舶修造、物资贸易、码头仓储、饭店餐旅等多种产业,集运输、工业、商贸、旅游为一体。具备一定实力,拥有一定技术基础,自主经营、自负盈亏、独立核算的水运实体。     

集装箱码头堆场取箱时间窗优化研究

码头堆场是供装卸船舶存放集装箱的场所,同时也是向货主交接集装箱的地方.由于取箱车辆到达时间的不确定性,码头运营方需要在堆场进行大量的翻箱作业,消耗大量的劳动成本.首先对码头取箱时间窗优化机制进行了说明,构建了码头方补助金函数与车辆方的成本函数,获得了车辆方取箱的到达率函数,进而得到了码头方的翻箱次数公式.然后,描述了集...     

基于混合流水作业组织的集装箱码头装卸作业集成调度优化

集装箱码头集疏运资源调度的对象是由岸桥、集卡、场桥所构成的多阶段一体化的集装箱装、卸、运操作系统,将该系统的调度优化基于多阶段混合流水线调度问题建立混合整数规划模型,同时考虑集装箱码头现实作业中预定义顺序、避免岸桥交叉作业、以及取决于作业顺序的切换时间等现实约束,针对问题自身的特点设计了两阶段启发式算法,得出各阶段设备的指派结果及作业顺序。通过与基于现行调度规则的调度方案以及与目标函数理论下界值的对比实验,显示了所提出的集成调度模型及求解算法能够有效降低船舶在港时间并实现集卡资源的共享,为集装箱码头集疏运资源的集成调度提供了新的思路。     

一种基于闭排队网络的集装箱码头设备配置优化模型

将集装箱码头龙门吊装卸工艺抽象为闭排队网络模型,采用估算均值法计算了顾客到达和服务时间分布为一般情况的闭排队网络系统性能指标.仿真结果表明,闭排队网络模型计算结果可以为集装箱码头设备配置提供一定的决策支持.     

浅谈拼箱公司经营关键问题及其对策

随着我国对内、对外贸易运输行业的发展,我国的集装箱班轮运输业务也有了很大的发展,日见繁荣,拼箱公司业务也蒸蒸日上。本文首先探究了拼箱公司运输经营的特点所在,接着分析了拼箱公司经营中出现的问题,探索了解决这些问题的几点方法。     

集装箱码头泊位计划干扰恢复多目标模型

研究集装箱码头中干扰事件发生后泊位计划的调整问题,目的是降低干扰事件对集装箱码头作业系统的干扰.基于干扰管理方法,建立泊位计划干扰恢复多目标、多阶段模型,该模型考虑码头不同客户的特点以及多方利益的平衡,从码头作业成本、船舶延误以及计划偏离度三个方面度量系统扰动.为求解模型,提出了基于字典续的求解方法,并利用算例对模型与算法的有效性进行了验证.结果表明:该模型与算法可以有效解决泊位计划调整问题,模型能够考虑各方的利益以及码头各类客户的特点,因此得到的泊位调整方案更科学,同时,模型各目标的重要顺序可根据情况进行调整,实用性与可操作性更高.     

福建省轮船总公司

福建省轮船总公司（FUSCO）为中国船东协会副会长单位．是一家具有较强经济实力和抵御市场风险能力的专业船公司。现拥有各类专业海运分公司、为运输配套服务的公司、办事处以及境内外的合资、合营公司等10多个；员工2200多名，拥有名类中高级专业人才600多名；各类运输船舶20多艘30多万载重吨。     

集装箱码头作业系统堆场作业管理策略分析

提升集装箱的装卸效率是当前集装箱码头发展中所面临的主要问题。文中简要阐述了加强集装箱码头堆场管理所具有的重要意义,并对当前集装箱码头作业系统堆场作业管理策略和提升集装箱码头作业系统堆场作业管理效率的有效策略进行了详细分析。     

基于3D打印技术的备件生产与运输协同调度问题研究

基于3D打印的智能制造技术已经成为推动备件供应链转型升级的重要手段。在此背景下，本文研究“随时需要随时生产+即时配送”新型模式下的计划性维修备件的供应链协同问题。生产与运输协同调度问题在制造业领域普遍存在，属于NP-Hard问题。本文研究带时间窗的生产与运输协同调度问题，建立混合整数规划模型，根据Dantzig-Wolfe分解原理分别建立主问题和子问题数学优化模型，并采用改进的分支定价算法进行求解。在求解过程中，首先，构造可行解，基于可行路径调用CPLEX优化软件对主问题求解；其次，针对子问题的求解，根据研究问题的属性设计占优原则和加速策略，并对求得的非整数解进行分支；最后，通过对多组规模算例进行测试，数值实验结果表明：1)验证了所建立模型和改进算法的有效性；2)通过求解时间对比可知所使用加速策略能够将算法效率提高10倍左右；3)通过将生产和运输协同决策与实际运作中的分阶段决策结果对比，本文设计的方案可以将目标函数值平均优化50.33%。本研究不仅能够有效解决新型备件生产模式下的生产与运输协同调度问题，而且可以为企业实际运营决策提供科学依据，实现降本增效的目标。     

集装箱港口多期投资优化决策模型研究

以集装箱港口综合成本为主要优化目标,在分析运营效率、生态承载力、港口损益等约束下,借助动态规划建立集装箱港口多期投资优化决策理论模型,解决现有的集装箱港口投资优化决策理论忽视港口运营效率、生态承载力等可持续发展能力的弊端,从而防止港口资源的巨大浪费和对生态环境的破坏,具有现实指导意义.     

Scheduling material handling vehicles in a container terminal

Increasing global trade has created the need for efficient container ports. The goal of the port is to move containers as quickly as possible and at the least possible cost. Goods that are delayed at the port are inevitably tardy when delivered to the customer, and thus sanctioned by late charges. Two key activities in the port are (i) unloading of containers from truck and then storage in the export area, and (ii) removal of containers from import storage and then loading onto the trucks. Since containers are large and heavy, specialized material handling vehicles are required for transporting them within the terminal. The focus of this paper is on port terminals where straddle carriers are primarily used to move containers. Container terminals typically have well developed computer and communication networks. Through these networks a terminal scheduler will control and schedule the movement of the straddle carrier fleet in real time. The objective of the terminal scheduler is to minimize the empty travel of straddle carriers, while at the same time minimizing any delays in servicing customers. This paper presents a straddle scheduling procedure that can be used by a terminal scheduler to control the movement of straddle carriers. At its core, the procedure is driven by an assignment algorithm that dynamically matches straddle carriers and trucks, as each becomes available. The procedures were developed and tested in collaboration with the largest container terminal operator in the Port of New York and New Jersey. Using a simulation model of the real system, the superiority of the proposed procedure over two alternative scheduling strategies is illustrated.     

Container Scheduling: Complexity and Algorithms

We consider the transport of containers through a fleet of ships. Each ship has a capacity constraint limiting the total number of containers it can carry and each ship visits a given set of ports following a predetermined route. Each container has a release date at its origination port, and a due date at its destination port. A container has a size 1 or size 2; size 1 represents a 1 TEU (20‐foot equivalent unit) and size 2 represents 2 TEUs. The delivery time of a container is defined as the time when the ship that carries the container arrives at its destination port. We consider the problem of minimizing the maximum tardiness over all containers. We consider three scenarios with regard to the routes of the ships, namely, the ships having (i) identical, (ii) nested, and (iii) arbitrary routes. For each scenario, we consider different settings for origination ports, release dates, sizes of containers, and number of ports; we determine the computational complexity of various cases. We also provide a simple heuristic for some cases, with its worst case analysis. Finally, we discuss the relationship of our problems with other scheduling problems that are known to be open.     

Preventing the Importation of Illicit Nuclear Materials in Shipping Containers

We develop a mathematical model to find the optimal inspection strategy for detecting a nuclear weapon (or nuclear material to make a weapon) from being smuggled into the United States in a shipping container, subject to constraints of port congestion and an overall budget. We consider an 11-layer security system consisting of shipper certification, container seals, and a targeting software system, followed by passive (neutron and gamma), active (gamma radiography), and manual testing at overseas and domestic ports. Currently implemented policies achieve a low detection probability, and improved security requires passive and active testing of trusted containers and manually opening containers that cannot be penetrated by radiography. The annual cost of achieving a high detection probability of a plutonium weapon using existing equipment in traditional ways is roughly several billion dollars if testing is done domestically, and is approximately five times higher if testing is performed overseas. Our results suggest that employing high-energy x-ray radiography and elongating the passive neutron tests at overseas ports may provide significant cost savings, and several developing technologies, radiation sensors inside containers and tamper-resistant electronic seals, should be pursued aggressively. Further effort is critically needed to develop a practical neutron interrogation scheme that reliably detects moderately shielded, highly enriched uranium.     

Tighter MIP models for Barge Container Ship Routing

This paper addresses the problem of optimal planning of a liner service for a barge container shipping company. Given estimated weekly demands between pairs of ports, our goal is to determine the subset of ports to be called and the amount of containers to be shipped between each pair of ports, so as to maximize the profit of the shipping company. In order to save possible leasing or storage costs of empty containers at the respective ports, our approach takes into account the repositioning of empty containers. The line has to follow the outbound–inbound principle, starting from the port at the river mouth. We propose a novel integrated approach in which the shipping company can simultaneously optimize the route (along with repositioning of empty containers), the choice of the final port, length of the turnaround time and the size of its fleet. To solve this problem, a new mixed integer programming model is proposed. On the publicly available set of benchmark instances for barge container routing, we demonstrate that this model provides very tight dual bounds and significantly outperforms the existing approaches from the literature for splittable demands.We also show how to further improve this model by projecting out arc variables for modeling the shipping of empty containers. Our numerical study indicates that the latter model improves the computing times for the challenging case of unsplittable demands. We also study the impact of the turnaround time optimization on the total profit of the company.     

基于超效率CCR-DEA的中国港口上市公司成本效率评价研究

本文在选取固定资产净值、员工人数等为投入指标,每股收益等产出指标构建港口上市公司成本效率评价指标体系的基础上,建立了基于超效率CCR-DEA(SUP-CCR-DEA)的港口上市公司成本效率评价模型.本研究特点一是构建了一套包含固定资产净值等投入、每股收益等产出的中国港口上市公司成本效率评价指标体系,解决了现有文献缺乏对港口上市公司的成本效率评价指标体系不足,也为合理评价成本效率奠定基础.特点二是借助超效率CCR-DEA思想,对有效率(效率值1)的港口上市公司进一步评价,解决了以往在港口上市公司成本效率的评价研究中无法对有效率的单元进一步排序的弊端.特点三是采用国内13家港口上市公司2004年和2005年数据进行了实证研究,并计算得出我国港口上市企业的连续2年成本效率评价结果与相对排序,对比分析了港口上市公司的成本效率的随时间变化趋势,得出了如下结论:1)2004年和2005年的国内港口上市公司成本效率高的企业都约占整个样本数量的50%,而G上港在效率值1的港口中则位居首位.2)2004年和2005年的国内港口上市公司成本效率整体上比较稳定,但G盐田港大幅上升以及北海港和G天津港则下跌较深,其成本效率变化远高于其他港口上市公司.     

Lead Time Management through Expediting in a Continuous Review Inventory System

We consider a continuous review inventory system where delivery lead times can be managed by expediting in‐transit orders shipped from the supplier. First, we propose an ordering/expediting policy and derive expressions for evaluating the operating characteristics of such systems. Second, using extensive numerical experiments, we quantify the benefits of such an expediting policy. Third, we investigate a number of managerial issues. Specifically, we analyze the impact of the number of expediting hubs and their locations along the shipment network on the performance of such systems and offer insights into the design of the shipment network. We show (i) a single expediting hub that is optimally located in a shipment network can capture the majority of cost savings achieved by a multi‐hub system, especially when expediting cost is not low or demand variability is not high; (ii) when expediting time is proportional to the time to destination, for small‐enough or large‐enough demand variations, a single expediting hub located in the middle of the shipment network can capture the majority of cost savings of an optimally located hub; and (iii) in general, hubs close to the retailer significantly drive down costs, whereas hubs close to the supplier may not offer much cost savings.     

Supply Chain Vulnerability Analysis Using Scenario‐Based Input‐Output Modeling: Application to Port Operations

Disruptive events such as natural disasters, loss or reduction of resources, work stoppages, and emergent conditions have potential to propagate economic losses across trade networks. In particular, disruptions to the operation of container port activity can be detrimental for international trade and commerce. Risk assessment should anticipate the impact of port operation disruptions with consideration of how priorities change due to uncertain scenarios and guide investments that are effective and feasible for implementation. Priorities for protective measures and continuity of operations planning must consider the economic impact of such disruptions across a variety of scenarios. This article introduces new performance metrics to characterize resiliency in interdependency modeling and also integrates scenario‐based methods to measure economic sensitivity to sudden‐onset disruptions. The methods will be demonstrated on a U.S. port responsible for handling $36.1 billion of cargo annually. The methods will be useful to port management, private industry supply chain planning, and transportation infrastructure management.     

港口管理与运营: 新兴研究热点及其进展

中国已经成为世界最大的集装箱集疏地.随着建设"新丝绸之路经济带"和"21世纪海上丝绸之路"(简称"一带一路")国家战略的提出,中国港口迎来了新的发展机遇.港口管理和运营涉及单一港口维度一个或者多个资源的运作优化问题,港口群维度港口之间的协作行为和机制问题,海运供应链维度港口与主要利益相关者之间的协作行为和机制问题等.文章介绍了中国港口在国际海运物流中的重要地位以及全面梳理了近年来港口管理与运营相关问题的研究进展;基于国内外学者已取得的最新研究成果,结合中国本土实践情境,文章指出当今的研究空白,从新的研究视角出发详细介绍了潜在的研究热点问题,分析了相关领域研究的必要性和迫切性.     

考虑最坏中断损失下的P-中位设施选址问题的模型与算法研究

蓄意突袭以及恐怖袭击会造成设施服务的突然中断成为网络系统的主要危害之一,因此网络设施选址决策应该同时考虑正常和紧急状态下系统的运作成本.本文研究考虑最坏中断损失下的网络设施选址问题,建立了该问题的双层规划模型,上层规划涉及设施选址决策,下层规划研究确定设施位置后,设施中断产生最大损失的问题.本文运用基于拉格朗日松弛的混合遗传算法来求解该双层规划问题.将European150数据集作为研究对象,对比研究了本文研究问题与传统的P-中位选址问题的结果,分析不同选址策略下网络系统的效率被中断影响的程度是不同的.最后通过改变一些关键参数,比如常规运作权重、设施数量、中断设施数量,对相关结果进行了分析.