论生产力概念嬗变的不同语境

生产力概念是古典经济学家以"财富"为核心首次提出的,它由经济学语境向哲学语境转换是马克思的伟大贡献。马克思从社会历史观的高度,把生产力作为社会存在和发展的基础和动力,以新的哲学范式结束了人们在黑暗中对历史之谜的求解。生产力是人的本质力量在实践中的展开,体现的是"为我关系"和"为他关系"的统一。生产力在其历史发展过程中经历了"依附论"、"征服论"、"协同论"三个阶段。以可持续发展和知识经济为基础的现代生产力,需要我们丰富和发展马克思的生产力理论,建立新的语境,解构附加在马克思名下的"传统"生产力概念。     

青年马克思无产阶级概念的哲学意蕴

无产阶级在《〈黑格尔法哲学批判〉导言》之后成为马克思理论建构的基本概念，是辩证法运作的中间环节，是创造性的否定。无产阶级作为创造性的否定一方面是经济学概念，在创造财富的同时失去财富；另一方面是一个哲学概念，在普遍改变整个自然界的同时使自身抽象化。传统的见解过于强调其经济学维度。通过辩证法运作的方式梳理出马克思早期作品中无产阶级概念在不同文本中的阐释逻辑脉络，呈现出无产阶级概念在马克思话语体系中的逻辑地位与哲学维度，是在资本主义社会发生了巨大改变之后保持马克思思想的批判性所必需的，也是更全面地进入《资本论》语境的必要之路。     

马克思与人本主义

马克思在1844年发表的《经济学哲学手稿》中详细阐述了异化和解放的概念,在《资本论》中,运用异化与解放的概念来分析拜物主义、剥削和资本积累,以区别异化劳动和自愿劳动,阐述工人的解放与全人类的解放。因此可以看出,马克思在从早期到晚期的工作中一直致力于人本主义。     

“实践唯物主义”概念的由来及其与“辩证唯物主义”的关系

“实践唯物主义”概念的由来及其与“辩证唯物主义”的关系杨耕１．“实践唯物主义”是马克思为表达自己哲学的本质特征,以区别于其它一切形态的哲学所使用的概念。就其本质而言,“实践唯物主义”这一概念初步形成于《１８４４年经济学哲学手稿》,在《神圣家族》和《关...     

共产主义对“历史之谜”的解答——《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中探索的共产主义

自从《莱茵报》以来,马克思为了寻求解开社会之谜的钥匙,历经了千心万苦,终于在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中向人们批露了他已经找到了解开社会之谜的钥匙,这就是共产主义。马克思在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中对共产主义进行了探索论证,成功的绘制了科学共产主义略具雏形的蓝图,找到了解开社会之谜的钥匙。马克思关于共产主义的思想,无论在科学共产主义和全人类的历史上,还是在今天社会主义革命和建设上,都有着光辉的历史地位、理论价值和巨大的现实意义。     

对马克思人的本质的再阐释——评《马克思主义与人类学》

《马克思主义与人类学》是匈牙利哲学家乔治·马尔库什于1965年出版的著作,此书要回答的主要问题是用"哲学人类学"的范式来解读马克思主义是否存在合理性。马尔库什认为,要想回答这个问题,必须从"人的本质"这个概念入手。于是,他以马克思《1844年经济学哲学手稿》为基础,分析了"人的本质"这个概念,以此回应用"哲学人类学"这个范式解读马克思主义的合理性。在此书中,马尔库什从劳动、社会性和意识三个方面重新探讨了人的本质:首先,他探讨了劳动在     

历史唯物主义与马克思哲学的独创性实质

近年来《中国社会科学》、《哲学研究》等刊物发表了一些研究马克思哲学的文章，1995年第6期发表的俞吾金教授的《论两种不同的历史唯物主义概念》一文，通过释义“历史唯物主义”概念的涵义来重新理解马克思哲学的总体性和本真精神。俞文讨论了马克思哲学的许多重大问题，提高了讨论的层次，把研究的深度向前推进了一步。读后很受启发。我们同意俞文总的观点：“历史唯物主义是马克思的划时代的哲学创造之所在，马克思并没创立过历史唯物主义以外的任何其它的哲学。换言之，历史唯物主义就是马克思哲学”。俞文的这些论述加深了我们对马克…     

《资本论》中生产力范畴简析

<正> 《资本论》对生产力范畴作了系统的阐述,本文试对《资本论》中阐述的生产力范畴体系作一个简要的分析。一、生产力的技术性 1.劳动生产力马克思在《资本论》第1卷第1章提出了劳动生产力的概念。他说:“生产力当然始终是有用的具体的劳动的生产力,它事实上     

马克思理论遗产中的异化问题

马克思对异化的分析,始于《1844年经济学哲学手稿》,完成于十九世纪五十——六十年代酝酿《资本论》而写的著作和《资本论》中。这里首先涉及到《1857—1859年的经济学手稿》。大家知道,这个手稿的核心是《政治经济学批判》,它是马克思从1857年10月到1858年5月这个时期写的,严格地说它本是《资本论》的初稿。根据这个初稿,马克思于1858年秋着手出版《关于政治经济学批     

论异化概念在马克思主义形成中的历史地位

异化问题是多年来国际哲学斗争的焦点。自一九三二年首次发表马克思的《经济学—哲学手稿》以来,在将近半个世纪的时间内,“异化热”久兴不衰,一直是各种哲学流派竞相争议的主题。资产阶级哲学家和修正主义学者抓住异化不放,大作文章,肆意歪曲异化概念在马克思学说中的意义和地位。他们一方面把马克思主义归结为异化理论,认为马克思主义     

Considering Improvisation: Play,Transitional Space,and Discovery

This article explores the concept of improvisation in the therapeutic setting as a complex construction when elaborated in the idiom of jazz music. A composite clinical case is offered that illustrates an impasse and how improvisational thinking offers a way forward. Improvisation has recently been conceptualized through the metaphor of theater improvisation, dance, and rhythm. The therapeutic hour is considered an improvisational dialogue with the main theme (melody) and counter melodies, and harmonic possibilities that underlie the rhythmic pulse of the hour. Improvisation requires a reflective/interpretive process that draws on patterns, structures, and experiences reformulated in the relational field of the participants. The client initiates the call and response pattern, from which improvisation emerges as a mutual process of discovery. A more relaxed, receptive, and reflective posture extends Winnicott’s 1971 notion of play to integrate classic understanding and relational interaction.     

Comments on the National College English Test

College English Test is an important national test for Chinese college students, this paper introduces the distribution of scores, time of examination, and analyses the four parts in CET ,such as listening comprehension, reading comprehension, integrated testing, and writing based on testing theories.     

Social security reforms in Kenya: Towards a workerist or a citizenship‐based system?

With social security provisions in Kenya remaining under‐reported in the more recent literature, this overview covers recent reforms in key areas of the country's social security system. In the health sector and in old‐age pension provision social security is still mainly workerist (biased toward those in formal employment), and attempts to expand coverage have had limited effect only – cash transfer programmes, for instance, have been expanded but in practice they do not universally cover the entitled categories. Thus, although the Kenyan social security system now has a considerable pro‐poor social assistance component it remains biased toward those in formal employment, to the benefit of the highest income quintile.     

A Man Can be Destroyed but Not Defeated

Santiago,the main hero in the Old Man and the Sea is characterized as someone struggling against defeat. He has gone eighty-four days without catching a fish,the sail of his skiff resembles "the flag of permanent defeat." But the old man refuses defeat at every turn:he resolves to sail out beyond the other fishermen to where the biggest fish promise to be. He lands the marlin,tying his record of eighty-seven days after a brutal three-day fight,and he continues to ward off sharks from stealing his prey,even though he knows the battle is useless. He establishes a great hero:a man can be destroyed but not defeated.     

Feminist Criticism in The Scarlet Letter

The Scarlet Letter written by Nathaniel Hawthorne is a great book. Through feminist criticism we can get how The Scarlet Letter may be read as dramatizing Hester Prynne's spiritual and physical struggle to survive as an individual in a society whose values authorize the privileged power of men.     

循环经济与可持续发展刍议

发展循环经济已经成为当今世界的潮流和趋势,循环经济将经济活动组织成为"资源-产品-消费-再生资源"的物质反复循环的闭环式流程,从上世纪90年代确定可持续发展战略以来,发达国家正在把发展循环经济、建立循环型社会看作是实施可持续发展战略的重要途径和实现方式.循环经济是集经济、技术、社会于一体的系统工程,其启动和推广不仅需要政府、企业、科学界和公众等社会各界的不懈努力和共同参与,而且需要资金、技术以及法规、制度等软硬环境的强力支撑.     

Determinants of Perceived Safety Among the Elderly

Abstract

A survey of randomly selected elderly residents (N = 301) of a largely rural county in Northwest Ohio sought to explore the perception of the fear of crime victimization. Those who participated in the study were asked a series of questions about their community, actual experiences of crime victimization, perception of fear related to victimization, and social support. Logistic regression analyses were computed to explore perceptions of neighborhood safety. Most participants reported limited experiences of victimization. As expected, in this rural environment, there was more reliance on informal supports and limited use of existing formal services.     

Abstracts of theses: Smith College School for Social Work,July 1954

Abstract

Many clients relate in ways that elicit emotional responses in practitioners and may also feel pressure to intervene when appropriate action is not yet clear. Practitioners must develop sufficient self-awareness so their own reactions do not interfere with the work they do with clients. Educators exhort their students to be self-aware, but locating methods that foster the capacity can be difficult. Infant observation is an elegant training model that helps to develop self-awareness. The method described here makes use of regular observation, supportive small groups, and repeated detailed examination of what is seen in training both generalist and specialized practitioners. It has become a prototype for the observational study of several kinds of specific populations. Because it attends to people in their own environments and demonstrates a flexible, reflective, multi-modal manner of information-gathering, infant observation is particularly useful in the education of social work practitioners.     

Social protection systems and the future of work: Ensuring social security for digital platform workers

Digitalization is transforming societies and economies worldwide at an unprecedented scale and pace. In the wake of automation and digitalization, new forms of employment have been emerging in various occupations and sectors, such as the digital platform economy. The emergence of new forms of employment, such as work on digital platforms, requires that existing social protection systems adapt to the specific situation and needs of such workers, as to realize the human right to social security for all. Current social protection coverage for workers on digital crowdwork platforms reveals significant gaps in social security coverage. Where such coverage exists, it is often provided through the workers’ previous or additional jobs, or indirectly through their spouses or other family members. This raises questions about digital platforms free riding on the traditional economy with regard to the financing of social security. How can social protection systems adapt to changing forms of work to ensure full and effective coverage for workers in all forms of employment, including those in “new” forms of employment? How can workers in all types of employment, including those on digital platforms, be protected in an adequate and comprehensive way, combining contributory and non‐contributory mechanisms and based on equitable and sustainable financing mechanisms, so as to ensure adequate social protection to all?