“异地高考”区域差异性背后的政策逻辑与策略建议

目前已经出台的"异地高考"政策呈现出较大的区域差异性。各省在制定这一公共政策时,受到多种因素的影响。高考利益制约政策的公平性,人口压力导致政策选择的保守性,基础教育发展水平影响政策的开放性,制度缺位影响政策执行的有效性,城市本位观影响政策制定的导向性。应当从生态政策学的视角厘清制约异地高考政策的多重因素,从发展主义视角改善流动人口的福利,以跨界治理的模式推动政策落实。     

Pre-Marital Counseling and Examination

The author's system of premarital counseling and examination is presented. The program consists of four visits before the marriage and one following. The first visit introduces the couple to the contractual elements of marriage; the second and third are used for taking the medical history and physical examination. The fourth visit summarizes the findings and introduces a program for beginning the marriage. The fifth visit occurs between the eighth and twelfth weeks of the marriage to help resolve problems which become apparent in the early weeks of married living. The work sheets and sample examinations are appended.     

Young Women's Life Stories and Accounts of Parental Divorce

ABSTRACT

This article presents the results of an analysis of 7 young women's life story accounts of the experience of parental separation during adolescence. The young women took part in the Life Stories and Family Transitions Study conducted in New Zealand. The qualitative methodology used in this study allowed for an investigation of the ways that participants made sense of their experiences of parental separation within the life story. The narratives of parental separation were extracted from the interviews and analyzed for form and content. The analysis of form found that the stories progressed through a number of stages, titled “The Early Years,” “The Deteriorating Parental Relationship,” “The Climax,” and “The Aftermath.” A number of themes emerged from a process of interpretive thematic analysis. These themes were often associated with different stages of the story of separation, and were titled “Putting Together the Pieces,” “The Struggling Self,” and “Self-Determination and Competency.” As participants put together the stories of separation, they considered their parents' perspectives and integrated these with their own experiences of family events, developing their own personal theories. The stories of struggle, and of personal strength and self-determination, emerge from the analysis.     

Sexism in adolescence: parenting styles,division of housework,prosocial behaviour and aggressive behaviour / Sexismo en la adolescencia: estilos de crianza,división de tareas domésticas,conducta prosocial y agresividad

The aim of this study was to identify which factors were the best predictors of sexist attitudes. To achieve this aim, two groups of variables were analysed. The first group consisted of variables relating to parenting styles and the division of housework. The second group consisted of personal factors related to prosocial behaviour and physical and verbal aggression. The sample was made up of 732 adolescents aged 12–14 from Valencia (Spain). The analysis was conducted separately for boys and girls. Correlation analyses and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted on each subsample. The results show that the division of housework and parenting styles were related to sexist attitudes. This connection was especially strong for the division of housework according to traditional gender roles, which was found to lead to hostile and benevolent sexist attitudes. The results also showed that prosocial and aggressive behaviours were correlated with sexist attitudes. The results varied by gender. The findings of this research have implications for the prevention of sexist attitudes.     

Acid House and Thatcherism: noise, the mob, and the English countryside

This paper examines why the late 1980s youth subculture Acid House provoked a moral panic of the scale and intensity that it did. The subculture is conceived as presenting a disruptive presence to Thatcherism as an hegemonic project. The terms under which this occurred are examined through the themes of noise, the mob, and the disruption of bureaucratic authority. The presence of Acid House within the English countryside, and in particular the Home Counties, is situated as enhancing the problematic status of the subculture. The scale of measures taken against Acid House is related to Thatcherism's 'authoritarian populism'. Acid House is located in terms of a history of similar forms of popular cultural activity. The coverage of Acid House in The Sun and The Daily Mail, and the parliamentary debate around the second reading of the Entertainments (Increased Penalties) Act, are drawn upon throughout.     

青少年心理控制源及其对日常行为的影响

心理控制源对个体心理和行为发展具有重要影响，也是近年来国内外研究较多的一种心理因素。青少年心理控制源对日常行为影响的研究结果显示：绝大多数青少年倾向于“内控性”，相信自己能控制自己的生活；随年级增长“内控性”呈下降趋势，大学生的“内控性”显著低于初中生；高中阶段是心理控制源发展的过渡期，是不同作用因子发生变化的关键期，具有教育引导的特殊意义；心理控制源对青少年的日常行为具有显著影响。在此研究基础上提出了改善青少年心理控制源的社会性教育对策。     

泊洛沙姆多柔比星偶联物胶束抗肿瘤作用的体外研究

目的制备泊洛沙姆多柔比星（阿霉素）偶联物（DOX—P）胶束并考察其体外抗肿瘤活性。方法核磁光谱法考察泊洛沙姆多柔比星偶联物胶束结构,差示扫描量热法（差热分析,DSC）观察聚合物的Tm和Tc。流式细胞术和荧光显微术观察人肺腺癌细胞A549对DOX．P胶束的摄取量,MTr法比较游离DOX和DOX—P胶束对A549／DOX细胞的细胞毒性。结果核磁光谱法证实多柔比星处于胶束核心,DSC表明DOX—P的Tm和Tc降低,荧光显微镜观察和流式细胞仪分析均支持胶束能够增强耐药细胞对多柔比星的吸收,MTr法表明DOX—P胶束对耐多柔比星的人肺腺癌细胞A549／DOX的毒性大于游离多柔比星。结论所制备的DOX—P胶束偶联成功,体外抗肿瘤活性良好,且能克服A549／DOX细胞的多药耐药性。     

Die Zukunft einer Gemeinde

The co-existence in communities as territorial social units currently undergoes severe changes. The withdrawal of industries (as well as their moving in) as motors of the economy causes great challenges for the community. The results can even reach to a complete self-questioning of the whole commune. The article describes a process with a professional facilitation, leading the commune out of a deep crisis. The first section directs the attention to the process with its milestones. The second section deals with special occasions and showplaces occurring during this process and describes roles and functions of the professional facilitation with the challenges arising out of it. Finally reflective considerations relate theory to practice in three graphic examples from the process.     

The expected personality characteristics of alcohol-dependent individuals

The Big Five personality factors were used as a framework for examining the expected personality characteristics of individuals who are alcohol-dependent. In an experimental study, participants used a measure of the Big Five personality factors to rate two individuals, each described with either signs of alcohol dependence or not. The ratings of the participants showed that they expected the alcohol-dependent versions of both individuals to be less agreeable and less conscientious. The participants expected the alcohol-dependent college student to be more extraverted and the alcohol-dependent lawyer-father to be more neurotic. The expected personality characteristics of the alcohol-dependent versions of the two described persons were very similar to the actual personality characteristics of alcohol-dependent individuals. The results were consistent with prior findings regarding narrow-band personality traits related to the Big Five. The results help explain prior findings about the social handicap of problem drinking with regard to making friends, dating, marriage, and working. The findings have potential use in alcohol-problem prevention and treatment.     

以城镇基本公共服务均等化促进农业转移人口市民化

新型城镇化的核心是人的城镇化,人的城镇化主要是解决进城的农业转移人口能否顺利转变为城镇居民的问题,而实现这种转变的关键是能否享受均等化的基本公共服务。城镇基本公共服务不均等既表现在城镇社会的不同群体间,也表现在区域间。两者都会影响到农业转移人口的市民化过程。本文首先界定了城镇基本公共服务的内涵,并对其在群体间和区域间不均等的表现进行了考察,进而深入分析了不平等产生的原因,在此基础上提出了城镇基本公共服务均等化的实现路径。     

The social position and internal organization of the medical profession in the Third World: the case of Singapore

This paper probes two aspects of the medical profession in Singapore: its structure and its social position. The first section reviews the relevant concepts concerning the structure and the social position of the professions that may be applied to medicine in Singapore. The second section looks into the structure of the medical profession in Singapore from an historical perspective. The third section deals with the internal organization of the medical profession. The fourth section focuses on its social position. The paper concludes with a summary of the main points and a brief comparison of the situation in Singapore with that in other countries.     

‘Family ideology’: identification and exploration

The issue of ‘family ideology’ has been systematically ignored by a majority of ‘family¹ scholars whilst it has been taken for granted by a minority. The following study arises from the author's attempts to explore the issue of alternative theoretical approaches to the analysis of family life’.² Increasing numbers of contemporary researchers concur in recognising the diversity of ‘family forms’ and the inappropriateness of speaking of ‘The Family’.³ Despite these recognitions many researchers find themselves re-adopting the term ‘The Family’ in their discussions and especially in the titles of their work. For example. Segal clearly recognises that the ‘traditional family model’ no longer reflects the reality of our lives (1983, 11) and yet the title of her book is What is to he done about THE FAMILY? (emphasis added). One reason for the re-importation of the idea of ‘The Family’ may be found in the rather limited nature of previous conceptualisations of ‘family ideology’. With the exception of Barrett (1980), recognitions of ‘family ideology’ tend to be conceptualised in terms of sets of partisan beliefs supporting a particular ‘family form’. Thus the concept of ‘The Family’ is rarely regarded as being problematic in itself, rather attention is paid to the presumed virtues or deficiencies of the particular form of ‘The Family’ which is assumed to be prevalent. Notwithstanding the recognition of ‘family diversity’ or the inappropriateness of the term ‘The Family’, nearly all discussion becomes a straightforward attack upon, or defence of. ‘The Family’.⁴ Only very rarely does analysis avoid this trap and question whether ‘The Family’ really exists to be attacked or defended; thus Collier et al. have asked ‘Is there a Family?’ (1982) and the present author has asked ‘Do we really know what “The Family” is?’(Bernardes, 1948a). The objective here is to identify and explore a specific conceptualisation of ‘family ideology’. The aim is to avoid engaging in attacks upon, or defences of, ‘The Family’ but rather to address the ideological context of such debates themselves, especially in respect of the assumed existence of ‘The Family’. It is hoped that this approach will stimulate a much more critical examination of ‘family ideology’ and the concept of ‘The Family’. More generally, the attempt to conceptualise ‘family ideology’ in this much broader sense is seen as a pre-requisite for the development of an alternative theoretical approach to the analysis of ‘family life’.     

Worlds come apart: Systems theory versus critical theory. Drama in the history of sociology in the twentieth century

This article places an episode in the history of sociological theory into intellectual history in the twentieth century. The perspective is chronological as well as contextual. The themes are two theoretical approaches, both embedded in both American and German history, Parsonian Systems Theory and “Frankfurt School” Critical Theory. The chronology shown spanned mainly from the 1940s to the 1960s. The context of the two theories is a period that is crucial in twentieth century history. The protagonists of the two approaches were, in the 1940s, Americans and Germans exiled in the United States. In the 1950s, both approaches were affected by McCarthyism in different ways. The 1960s, however, were the culmination. The dynamics of the two approaches led into a schism which came into the open on the occasion of the 1964 German Sociology Conference in Heidelberg celebrating Max Weber. The article shows the stages in the evolution of the schism, emulating three acts in a drama. The final split was over whether Weber or Marx should be the classic whose oeuvre was to influence sociological thinking today. My aim is to exemplify how these two authoritative approaches in sociological theory, far from escaping the vagaries and vicissitudes of their times, were embedded in twentieth-century history.     

制度条件下的扭曲是目前我国房地产市场的“症结”

中国房地产市场的＂症结＂来自于制度条件下的扭曲。第一是土地制度问题,数字显示资源限制和垄断对住房市场的巨大压力。第二是因为资源垄断而产生的博弈。博弈分不同的方式来说,市场上所谓的规范性力量等都是因为制度造成的。     

Organizing stories of organizational life: four films on american business

Film-makers verge on the ethnographical in their study of organizations. This paper discusses four films about business, and how the film-makers invoked a narrative strategy to portray contemporary perspectives on organizational life during the emergence of post-modern society. The remembered shards of a life in The Power and Glory (1933) reflected America's ambiguity towards robber barons. The comedy of manners surrounding the middling clerk in The Apartment (1960) conveyed America's questions about White Collar life. The quest for a voice to speak out against the system in The China Syndrome (1979) beat to the electronic countdown pace of the self-destruction of a nuclear reactor. The historical realism of Wall Street (1987) overwhelmed the viewer with information about a system where information is money.     

On the formation of inflationary expectations: Some empirical evidence from Finland, 1979–1980

The results of a survey of inflationary expectations executed in 1979–1980 are reported. The respondents form one “informed” and one “uninformed” group. The purpose of the study are: (1) to test standard hypotheses on the formation of inflationary expectations, (2) to study the term structure of those expectations, (3) to study their dispersion among individuals, (4) to investigate the uncertainty in the formation of expectations.The results suggest that the adaptive expectations formation model works best for the uninformed group, while the extrapolative model is more satisfactory for the informed group. The lagged rate of unemployment was found to be a significant explanatory variable as well. Long-run inflationary expectations turned out to be very similar to short-run predictions, although the dispersion among individuals was greater in the former case. The uninformed respondents also expressed expectations with a greater dispersion than the informed respondents. The standard deviation of the expectations was quite stable over the observation period. The proxy used for subjective uncertainty also indicates a high degree of stability.     

A preliminary investigation of the roles and backgrounds of school interpreters: Implications for training and recruiting

The backgrounds and roles of school interpreters who provide interpretation services for limited English proficient students were investigated through a survey study. The results are based on a total of 89 interpreters working in schools throughout New York State. A total of 29 languages were represented in the two samples of interpreters with Spanish being the most frequently used language. Most of the interpreters had Bachelors Degrees or higher but very few had any formal training in interpretation. The results suggest that most interpreters work on a part-time basis. The interpreters reported providing services for a number of different school personnel while fulfilling numerous roles that included interpreting during assessment sessions as well as during parent meetings. The implications of the findings are discussed from the perspectives of the training and recruiting of school interpreters. The limitations of the findings are also examined.     

三网融合背景下推进上海数字内容产业发展的对策研究

数字内容产业已成为上海经济、社会与文化发展的新增长点,三网融合又为上海数字内容产业的发展提供了更为广阔的空间。在三网融合发展背景下,推进上海数字内容产业发展的基本思路可以概括为"一二三四工程"和"五项落地政策"。"一二三四工程"分别指"一个指导思想"——科学发展观、经济发展方式转变;"两种发展机制"——市场机制、政府管理机制;"三个发展方向"——内容创意、整合运营与终端工程建设;"四个政策着力点"——产业发展、园区建设、平台服务和企业扶持。"五个落地政策"分别是财税政策、融资政策、人才培养引进政策、创新政策、知识产权保护政策。     

沙特君主制政权相对稳定的原国

沙特君主制政权相对稳定大抵有如下几个原因：沙特人注重血统、功名，习惯家族统治、构成沙特君主制的坚实政治、文化基础；沙特王权高举伊斯兰教旗帜，坚持以教治国，为民众所认同，并得到乌里玛的支持；政治联姻与世袭君主可择优遴选保证了沙特王权的社会基础宽阔；巨额石油收入加强了国防力量，缓解了内外矛盾；政治改革不断地缓解了各种社会矛盾。     

The Statistical Evaluation of Social Network Dynamics

A class of statistical models is proposed for longitudinal network data. The dependent variable is the changing (or evolving) relation network, represented by two or more observations of a directed graph with a fixed set of actors. The network evolution is modeled as the consequence of the actors making new choices, or withdrawing existing choices, on the basis of functions, with fixed and random components, that the actors try to maximize. Individual and dyadic exogenous variables can be used as covariates. The change in the network is modeled as the stochastic result of network effects (reciprocity, transitivity, etc.) and these covariates. The existing network structure is a dynamic constraint for the evolution of the structure itself. The models are continuous-time Markov chain models that can be implemented as simulation models. The model parameters are estimated from observed data. For estimating and testing these models, statistical procedures are proposed that are based on the method of moments. The statistical procedures are implemented using a stochastic approximation algorithm based on computer simulations of the network evolution process.