城市未成年人犯罪对学校教育的警示

运用第一手调查资料,通过对城市闲散未成年犯和普通中学生的对比,分析了学校教育的失误对未成年人犯罪的影响.笔者认为,学习压力过大是学业失败的罪魁,教师的失误加大了学生对学校的"离心力",管理缺陷使学校对学生的社会控制减弱,家校沟通不当造成教育责任相互推诿.预防青少年犯罪,学校承担着重要责任.应当努力为未成年人创设宽松的成长环境、教师善尽其责、发挥对学生不良行为的帮教作用、实现学校与家庭优势互补.     

试论青少年罪犯的公民意识培养

青少年罪犯的公民意识，是在监狱、未成年犯管教所服刑青少年罪犯关于自身权利、义务和自我意识、自我认同的总称。在当下，培育青少年罪犯公民意识的必要性主要体现在它是维护正常监管改造秩序的重要一环。是青少年罪犯成为守法公民的关键和根本．是提升全社会公民意识的一个组成部分。培育青少年罪犯公民意识的主要内容应涵括培育青少年罪犯的权利和义务意识，培育青少年罪犯守法意识和主体意识。要加强教育培育青少年罪犯的公民意识。立足当前，着眼未来，坚持常抓不懈．同时要重视培育监狱干警自身的公民意识。     

当代国外青少年价值观教育及启示

当代国外青少年价值观教育具有教育和管理体系完备、形式和途径多样、社会适应性强等特点.考察国外青少年价值观教育对我国同类工作有启示和借鉴意义.首先,我国青少年价值观教育应该走政党主导、政府管理的道路;其次,青少年价值观教育的重要性必须得到全社会的广泛认同;再次,青少年价值观教育必须有自我更新的能力,与时俱进,不断创新.最后,扩展青少年价值观教育的社会参与面,不留任何真空.     

山东省中学生网络接触行为调查分析

随着计算机网络技术的迅速发展和普及,互联网己渗透到社会的各个方面,也对青少年的健康成长产生了深刻影响.通过对山东省中学生网络接触行为、中学生对媒介信息的认知和判断、中学生对网络的需求、中学生在使用网络的过程中存在的问题等方面的调查和分析,总结青少年网络接触行为的特点,阐释目前青少年在网络使用过程中存在的问题及其相关原因,提出开展媒介素养教育的必要性及对中学教育的建议.     

青少年核心价值观的现状及成因分析

青少年时期是一个人价值观形成的关键时期,处于个体价值观逐步稳定和定型的决定性阶段,他们的价值观是社会价值取向的反映。对当代青少年进行核心价值观的强化教育,是贯彻落实社会主义核心价值体系的客观要求。分析青少年核心价值观的现状及成因,对于引导青少年确立科学的价值观具有重大意义。     

华南沿海三地区中学生价值观比较

世界各国在由传统向现代化的转变过程中,人的价值观演变往往是引人注目的课题。中学生是国家与民族发展的后备力量,他们是否具备现代化的价值观,是其未来能否参与社会变革和发挥积极作用的前提。因而,许多国家与地区都曾开展对中学生价值观的调查研究。笔者试图根据掌握的材料,对台山、广州、香港中学生的价值观作一比较分析,以期对这跨世纪的一代作出预测和必要的导向设计。鉴于在社会科学研究中,对价值观的具体解释各有不同。本文参照台湾学者黄俊杰、吴素倩合著《都市青少年的价值观》一书将价值观界定为“指经由社会化过程,个体对于判别事物所采取的态度而言,为人们所期望的行为方式,亦即人们想做、考虑去做的事。”本文运用的材料主要是:香港基督教女青年会1988年对香港中学生、广州市青年研究会1989年对广州中学生、广东省青年干部学院1991年对     

物质生活对青少年价值观认同的影响及对策

物质生活深刻影响着人们的价值观认同与践行。青少年的价值观认同与践行,也深受物质生活的影响。面对"资本逻辑"的冲击、市场经济中利益原则的挑战和青少年自身的物质生活经历,既要避免忽视物质生活使青少年价值观教育陷入空洞的说教,又要避免青少年价值观出现物质化倾向。为此,一要正视物质生活的影响,夯实青少年价值观教育的物质基础;二要以正确的物质观念引领青少年深化对社会主义核心价值观的理论认同;三要引领青少年在物质需要与精神追求的统一中增强对社会主义核心价值观的情感认同。     

浅谈中学生礼仪教育的必要性

礼仪是中华传统文化的重要组成部分,是做人的基本要求。但在科技发达,经济高速发展的今天,人们意识中的"礼仪"已开始淡薄,尤其是青少年学生,思想品德滑坡,礼仪行为缺失,已成中学教育不得不面对的问题。为此,提出如何加强礼仪教育,引导中学生培养高尚的道德情操,形成正确的道德观、价值观、世界观,培养内在素质优秀、外在形象良好、德才兼备的中学生势在必行。     

探究中学生犯罪现象的成因

当前,我国中学犯罪现象日益突出,其已经成为了社会所普遍关注的一个问题。中学生处于一个思想和身体都在悄然发生变化的特殊阶段,这个年龄段的青少年由于种种原因走上犯罪道路是令人惋惜的,其不仅阻碍了自身的学习和发展,同时也给他人和社会带来了危害。中学生犯罪占据了目前青少年犯罪的相当比例,与青少年犯罪现象相比,中学生犯罪现象带来了社会危害性甚至更加恶劣,严重干扰和影响了学校的正常教育教学工作秩序。为了切实预防、减少和避免中学生犯罪问题的产生,对中学生犯罪现象成因的探究显得十分重要。     

当代青少年英雄观现状调研

无论在什么时代，英雄崇拜都是时代高昂的主旋律。榜样教育、理想教育是德育教育的重要手段，在利用英雄榜样示范作用帮助青少年一代树立正确的人生观、价值观方面，我们可以做而且能够做的事情还有很多。本文通过两次开放性的调查，了解当代青少年“心目中英雄”的有关情况，并结合现状针对当前青少年教育面临的实际问题，提出了一些建设性的意见和建议。     

Risk-need-responsivity model: Contrasting criminogenic and noncriminogenic needs in high and low risk juvenile offenders

The Risk-Need-Responsivity (RNR) offender rehabilitation model contends high risk offenders benefit more from intervention programs than low risk offenders (risk principle), and interventions are more effective if they target criminogenic needs (need principle) and engage offenders. A field study was undertaken in order to assess the relation between the risk of recidivism (high and low) and criminogenic and noncriminogenic needs in juvenile offenders. 101 juvenile offenders classified as either of high or low recidivism risk on the Youth level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) were evaluated in terms of school failure, behavioural disorders, psychological adjustment, and social skills. The results showed higher rates of school failure and behavioural disorders (criminogenic needs) in high risk than in low risk juvenile offenders, and higher rates in low risk offenders than in the general population. As for psychological adjustment and social skills (noncriminogenic needs), the results revealed higher deficits in high risk than in low risk juvenile offenders, and no differences between low risk offenders and the general population. The theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed.     

The Normative Erosion Hypothesis: The Latent Consequences of Juvenile Justice ractices*

The normative erosion hypothesis is that nonpunitive reactions by legal officials will erode offenders' normative evaluations of delinquency. Consistent with the hypothesis, survey data from Arizona high school students show that offenders who have been referred to a “hands-off” court express less condemnation (i.e., have lower perceived seriousness) of delinquency than do offenders with no court referrals. The findings also show that the perceived threat of legal punishment is positively related to offenders' perceptions of the seriousness of delinquency. The findings bear on the normative validation thesis in the sociology of law and have important policy implications for juvenile justice practices.     

The Prevalence of Sexual Abuse by K-12 School Personnel in Canada, 1997–2017

ABSTRACT

Studies surrounding the sexual abuse of children by school personnel in Canadian contexts are infrequent and often limited in their scope. The present study addresses this drawback with a contribution of data gathered from disciplinary decisions of educator misconduct, media reports, and published case law concerning child/student sexual abuse cases (between 1997 and 2017) that involved any individual employed (or formerly employed) in a Canadian K-12 school. The study revealed a number of interesting points about the larger student victim and offender demographic patterns and characteristics across Canada. The study found 750 cases involving a minimum of 1,272 students and 714 offenders, 87% of which were male. Moreover, 86% of all offenders were certified teachers, and offenders employed grooming as the main tactic in 70% of the cases. Of the child/student victims, 75% were female, 55% were sexually abused on school property, and more than two-thirds of all victims were in high school at the time the offense was committed. The study also found that excluding Ontario and B.C., the media was the sole source of information for 50–86% of all cases depending on the province/territory. Finally, almost three-quarters of offenders from the study were charged with at least one criminal offense, and of the cases that proceeded to trial, 70% resulted in findings of guilt.     

Multisystemic Treatment of Juvenile Sexual Offenders

Abstract

Multisystemic therapy (MST)is an ecologically-based treatment model that has proven effective with violent and chronic juvenile offenders and that holds promise with juvenile sexual offenders. This article describes the empirical underpinnings, theoretical foundation, and clinical features of MST and provides a brief review of MST outcome studies with juvenile sexual offenders. The theoretical foundation and clinical features of MST draw upon empirical findings regarding the multidetermined nature of serious antisocial behavior as well as upon social-ecological models of behavior in which the youth and family's school, work, peers, and neighborhood are viewed as interconnected systems with dynamic and reciprocal influences on the behavior of family members. In two randomized trials with juvenile sexual offenders, MST has had positive effects on key social-ecological factors (e.g., family affective relations, peer relations, school performance) associated with sexual offending and has demonstrated long-term reductions in criminal activity and incarceration. The success of MST can be attributed primarily to (a) the match between MST intervention foci and empirically identified correlates/causes of sexual offending in youths and (b) the flexible use of well-validated intervention strategies in the natural environment.     

Myth versus Reality: Comparing the Depiction of Juvenile Delinquency in Metropolitan Newspapers with Arrest Data*

While the extant literature on the social construction of crime in the media is extensive, little literature exists on the media's construction of juvenile delinquency in newspapers, particularly in small cities. Even though smaller metropolitan areas have lower crime rates, how these newspapers construct delinquency undoubtedly impacts the attitudes, behaviors, and fears of residents, perhaps more so than in larger metropolitan areas. The purpose of this research is to assess how newspapers from five of the smallest Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) socially construct juvenile delinquency, offenders and victims, and to assess whether or not these images perpetuate myths related to juvenile delinquency. An analysis of 231 articles indicates that small‐MSA newspapers construct an inaccurate image of juvenile offenders that significantly promotes the myth of juveniles as violent predators. Specifically, juvenile offenders are constructed as violent predators with innocent, random victims. In contrast, newspapers construct a more accurate picture of victims, with females represented as the most common juvenile victim, and sexual assault victimization as the most common of all juvenile violent crime victimization.     

School,Social-Communicative,and Academic Challenges Among Delinquents and Juvenile Sexual Offenders

This study explores the association between student factors and delinquency by comparing two groups of adjudicated youth in six Midwestern residential facilities: 331 young men committed for a sexual offense, and 171 committed for a nonsexual offense. Statistically significant findings include juvenile sexual offenders exhibiting a greater number of delinquent behaviors and greater academic and social difficulties compared with their counterparts adjudicated for a nonsexual offense. Additionally, path analysis revealed that school experience was negatively associated with delinquency for both groups. For juvenile sexual offenders, academic difficulties were associated with delinquency through their school experience. Among general delinquents, delinquency was directly associated with social difficulties and school experience. Implications for interventions and future research are discussed.     

Programa shortstop: a culturally focused juvenile intervention for Hispanic youth

Culturally sensitive juvenile delinquency and substance abuse interventions are relatively limited and unavailable to many first-time Hispanic juvenile offenders. The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of a culturally focused juvenile and substance abuse intervention program for first time Hispanic youth offenders. The intent of the program was to decrease juvenile recidivism and increase substance abuse resistance. Programa Shortstop is a family based intervention designed for Hispanic youth ages 9-17. The intervention was delivered to 352 youth and at least one parent/caregiver over the 5-year study period. For intervention youth, the results of the recidivism study (n = 321) indicated that 89% of youth participating in Programa Shortstop between 1995 to 1997 were not rearrested within one year of completing Programa Shortstop. Additionally, statistical paired t-test analysis found that the intervention model had a positive effect on legal knowledge and school related factors associated with substance abuse and delinquency. Parent participants demonstrated significant increases in knowledge related to substance abuse and the legal system.     

Female Juvenile Sexual Offenders: Understanding Who They Are and Possible Steps That May Prevent Some Girls From Offending

In recent years, there has been accumulating evidence that sexual abuse committed by females is not rare and can be just as traumatic as sexual abuse committed by males. Despite the increased recognition given to sex offending by adult women, however, very little attention has been given to sex offenses committed by juvenile females. There has further been very little published material that has focused specifically on intervening with female children and adolescents before they offend. In an attempt to fill this gap, this article describes common characteristics of juvenile female sex offenders, ways in which juvenile female sex offenders are similar to and different from juvenile male sex offenders, and the limitations that exist related to our knowledge about these offenders. Based on this information, suggestions are given for possible ways to intervene in the lives of at-risk female youth before they offend.     

Navigating the Transition to Multi‐Ethnic Urban High Schools: Changing Ethnic Congruence and Adolescents' School‐Related Affect

This short‐term longitudinal study investigated 918 students' school‐related affect across the transition to high school. The study focused specifically on the moderating effect of change in student ethnic congruence from middle to high school. Results indicate that students experiencing more ethnic incongruence from middle to high school, in particular African American and male students, reported declining feelings of school belonging over time. Moreover, students experiencing ethnic incongruence also had increasing worries about their academic success. These results suggest that the changing school demographics from middle school to high school may negatively impact students' school‐related affect, especially if they move to high schools which include fewer students who are ethnically similar to themselves.