静电纺丝法制备SnO2多孔纳米管及其光催化性能研究

通过静电纺丝法制备了一种氧化锡一维多孔纳米管材料，获得的光催化剂用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和紫外-可见（UV-Vis）漫反射光谱表征，所制备的氧化锡多孔结构纳米管光催化剂表现出紫外光下（λ＜ 400 nm）增强光催化降解甲基橙的性能，光催化活性的增强是因为其巨大的比表面积和较小的晶粒尺寸.这一方法可以用于制备其他类型的一维多孔纳米管材料.     

一氧化氮的研究进展及应用

一氧化氮(NO)既是气体,又是自由基,是生物体内一种作用广泛而性质独特的信号分子,它不仅对动物的神经系统、循环系统、消化系统等有着重要的调节作用,而且也参与植物生长发育的许多过程,如种子萌发、下胚轴伸长、根生长、细胞凋亡以及植物抗逆反应等。本文就近年来NO的研究进展及应用作简要综述。     

低阻ITO玻璃的制造工艺

有机发光显示器件是目前平板显示中的热点,所用ITO玻璃比液晶显示所用的有更高更严的要求。该文探讨了OLED用ITO玻璃生产的相关工艺,得出使用直流溅射ITO陶瓷靶时,较好的气氛是低氩微氧,功率约200W左右,溅射时基板温度约250℃,高温无氧退火。得到方阻20?以下、平均透过率大于80%的ITO玻璃。     

锌氧化矿及精矿中锌镉连续快速测定方法探讨

本法采用一次溶解试样,经分离干扰元素后,对锌和镉进行连续络合滴定,方法可行,对生产中的锌镉元素测定,能够满足要求,其分析误差在允差范围之内,终点明显,结果准确可靠。     

氧化石墨的合成及其结构研究

在Hummer法的基础上合成了氧化石墨、对氧化石墨的组成、分子结构及其还原性进行了测试与分析,结果表明,氧化石墨结构中含有大量的极性基因,这些基因的存在赋予了氧化石墨在极性溶剂中有良好的溶剂化能力。     

纳米金属氧化物的液相法制备技术

综述了液相法制备纳米金属氧化物的主要技术,讨论了各种液相法制备方法的反应机理、优缺点、改进措施及适用性,指出液相法制备技术存在的问题及展望方向.     

固体超强酸S2O8^2-／SnO2-SiO2催化合成季戊四醇双缩醛

以新型固体超强酸S2O8^2-／SnO2-SiO2为催化剂，采用正交实验方案，对影响季戊四醇双缩醛的合成因素进行了系统考察．结果发现，以苯为脱水剂，季戊四醇与苯甲醛反应，影响双缩醛产率的主次因素为：反应时间〉催化剂用量〉醛醇摩尔比．当季戊四醇／苯甲醛摩尔比为1．4：1，反应时间为2．0h，催化剂用量为1．5g时，缩醛产率超过93％．     

二元氧化物碱性标度的建立

本文应用电负性均衡原理，建立了一种标度二元氧化物碱性强弱的新方法．对大量氧化物的计算结果表明，碱性标度B的大小顺序与氧化物的碱性强弱顺序的一致性令人满意．本文碱性标度的建立,将有助于定量比较氧化物的碱性强弱．     

Reproductive and Developmental Risks from Ethylene Oxide: A Probabilistic Characterization of Possible Regulatory Thresholds

Ethylene oxide is a gas produced in large quantities in the United States that is used primarily as a chemical intermediate in the production of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, non-ionic surfactants, ethanolamines, glycol ethers, and other chemicals. It has been well established that ethylene oxide can induce cancer, genetic, reproductive and developmental, and acute health effects in animals. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is currently developing both a cancer potency factor and a reference concentration (RfC) for ethylene oxide. This study used the rich database on the reproductive and developmental effects of ethylene oxide to develop a probabilistic characterization of possible regulatory thresholds for ethylene oxide. This analysis was based on the standard regulatory approach for noncancer risk assessment, but involved several innovative elements, such as: (1) the use of advanced statistical methods to account for correlations in developmental outcomes among littermates and allow for simultaneous control of covariates (such as litter size); (2) the application of a probabilistic approach for characterizing the uncertainty in extrapolating the animal results to humans; and (3) the use of a quantitative approach to account for the variation in heterogeneity among the human population. This article presents several classes of results, including: (1) probabilistic characterizations of ED10s for two quantal reproductive outcomes-resorption and fetal death, (2) probabilistic characterizations of one developmental outcome-the dose expected to yield a 5% reduction in fetal (or pup) weight, (3) estimates of the RfCs that would result from using these values in the standard regulatory approach for noncancer risk assessment, and (4) a probabilistic characterization of the level of ethylene oxide exposure that would be expected to yield a 1/1,000 increase in the risk of reproductive or developmental outcomes in exposed human populations.     

Can Carbon Nanomaterials Improve CZTS Photovoltaic Devices? Evaluation of Performance and Impacts Using Integrated Life‐Cycle Assessment and Decision Analysis

In emergent photovoltaics, nanoscale materials hold promise for optimizing device characteristics; however, the related impacts remain uncertain, resulting in challenges to decisions on strategic investment in technology innovation. We integrate multi‐criteria decision analysis (MCDA) and life‐cycle assessment (LCA) results (LCA‐MCDA) as a method of incorporating values of a hypothetical federal acquisition manager into the assessment of risks and benefits of emerging photovoltaic materials. Specifically, we compare adoption of copper zinc tin sulfide (CZTS) devices with molybdenum back contacts to alternative devices employing graphite or graphene instead of molybdenum. LCA impact results are interpreted alongside benefits of substitution including cost reductions and performance improvements through application of multi‐attribute utility theory. To assess the role of uncertainty we apply Monte Carlo simulation and sensitivity analysis. We find that graphene or graphite back contacts outperform molybdenum under most scenarios and assumptions. The use of decision analysis clarifies potential advantages of adopting graphite as a back contact while emphasizing the importance of mitigating conventional impacts of graphene production processes if graphene is used in emerging CZTS devices. Our research further demonstrates that a combination of LCA and MCDA increases the usability of LCA in assessing product sustainability. In particular, this approach identifies the most influential assumptions and data gaps in the analysis and the areas in which either engineering controls or further data collection may be necessary.