Transformer in navigation: Diverse government roles for open innovation in China's high-speed rail

Based on a longitudinal case study of China's high-speed rail embedded in the emerging economy context, we focus on what role the government plays and how that matters to open innovation (OI) for competitive advantage. By linking the OI literature with the national political institutions literature to motivate our research question, we propose a statist-based OI view to differentiate diverse government roles, investigating how government adopts roles in a combined way to push OI in stages. Our findings suggest that government is an important strategic decision-maker for OI. Specifically, the government plays various roles as commander, protector, cultivator, and intermediator, reflecting state activism derived from national political institutions, to construct institutional-level OI for domestic OI activities, and inbound and outbound OI across national borders. We find government can deliberately and strategically use its diverse roles in a combined way to push OI for competitive advantage through the industrial evolutionary process over time. Our study contributes to the OI literature and integrates the strategic management literature with the study of OI to provide new insights to explain the origins of competitive advantage from the state perspective.     

基于FESA/TRIZ的机械产品创新设计方法

机械产品的设计一直注重于市场需求和产品功能的开发，随着科学和技术的发展，环境因素变得越来越重要。 提出一种基于功能一环境一结构分析( FESA)与TRIZ的机械产品创新设计方法，通过分析机械产品结构之间的功能要素 以及功能要素与环境要素的相互作用关系，确定机械产品中存在的问题。建立根原因模型图，寻找结构设计上的不足和 缺陷，利用TRIZ创新理论来实现机械产品的改进创新。通过污水处理系统的创新设计实例验证了该方法的可行性。     

农户地权诉求视角下农地制度的创新

目前我国农户的地权诉求已经发生了很大的变化，即由地权稳定、自主经营向农地资源的优化配置和高效利用转化。这一变化的内在动力是农户急切希望改变承包地过于细碎化以及改善农业生产经营基本条件。考察我国农地制度的发展史可以发现，我国农地制度变迁的基本逻辑就是农户的地权诉求决定农地制度的发展方向，这一点在当下一些地方的农地制度创新试验和经验中再次得到证明。今后我国农地制度创新必须遵循这一逻辑，根据我国农户地权诉求的变化，实施农户自愿前提下的承包地连片重划,争取国家对承包地重划制度的支持,强化农民集体民主决策制度,地方政府也要给予必要的支持。     

中国特色社会主义制度自信：基本依据·价值意蕴·实现路径

中国特色社会主义制度是立足世情、国情、民情和党情建立起来的制度体系。从历史选择到制度实践构成了我们在新时代夯实制度自信的基本依据；从共同富裕到人的全面发展彰显了制度自信特有的价值意蕴。站在新的发展阶段，既需要大胆借鉴古今中外制度建设的有益成果，又务必坚持在实践基础上以理论创新推动制度创新，以制度借鉴、制度实践和制度创新进一步坚定制度自信。     

疲劳裂纹扩展试验裂纹图像采集系统

针对目前金属疲劳裂纹扩展检测方法存在效率低、操作繁琐、精度不高，不能实现实时性等缺点，文章提出了基 于机器视觉的裂纹检测方法。根据金属疲劳裂纹扩展试验过程中裂纹图像的采集要求，设计了摄像头位置可自动调整 的疲劳裂纹图像采集系统，包括摄像头安装运动装置，裂纹图像采集装置以及摄像头运动控制系统。图像采集装置由高 分辨率黑白面阵CCD摄像头、光学镜头，光源照明装置和图像采集卡组成，前3者安装在摄像头支架上，与摄像头运动 装置相连。摄像头运动装置中的X，Y，，Z轴运动机构由步进电机带动滚珠导轨机构。在基于ARM技术的运动控制系统 的控制下摄像头可沿X，Y，，Z轴作高精度直线运动，实现和试件之间精确位置的调整。实验结果表明，所设计的系统可 采集到疲劳裂纹扩展试验过程中高清晰度、高分辨率的试件裂纹图像，满足下一步裂绞尺寸计算的要求；摄像头运动定 位精度可达到0. 02 mm，满足精确的系统聚焦、位置调整、跟踪采集的要求。     

国家级教学名师的优秀品质及其养成

通过对5位国家级教学名师的自述报告进行三级编码和主题凝练，研究发现国家级教学名师作为教师队伍的杰出代表，在其专业发展过程中养成了许多优秀品质。例如：教学方面注重实践、考虑周全，师德方面以德施教、追求卓越，科研方面以教带研、实现创新。国家级教学名师优秀品质的养成通常经历了漫长而曲折的过程，不仅需要精神与物质力量的共同推动，还需要家庭、学校和社会各环境要素的相互促进，以及社会取向养成方式和个人取向养成方式的互相配合。深入探究国家级教学名师的优秀品质及其养成之道，可以为教师专业发展提供借鉴与启示。     

雄安新区科技企业创新能力评价研究

科技企业是实现科技创新的驱动者和科技成果转化的重要载体,也是推动研究开发的重要参与者,科学评价科技企业创新能力有助于企业自身不断发展壮大。在分析国内外新区科技企业创新驱动发展相关理论研究的基础上,从研发投入、研发基础、研发效益和现代科技四个角度,运用层次分析法构建科技企业创新能力评价系统,并通过实证分析说明评价系统的可靠性;根据评价系统测算出现阶段雄安新区科技企业创新能力,通过与成熟新区科技企业的比较,发现其短板和不足,力图为决策者科学合理评价、管理科技企业创新发展提供有益参考。     

The evolution of intellectual property strategy in innovation ecosystems: Uncovering complementary and substitute appropriability regimes

In this article, we attempt to extend and nuance the debate on intellectual property (IP) strategy, appropriation, and open innovation in dynamic and systemic innovation contexts. We present the case of four generations of mobile telecommunications systems (covering the period 1980–2015), and describe and analyze the co-evolution of strategic IP management and innovation ecosystems. Throughout this development, technologies and technological relationships were governed with different and shifting degrees of formality. Simultaneously, firms differentiated technology accessibility across actors and technologies to benefit from openness and appropriation of innovation. Our analysis shows that the discussion of competitiveness and appropriability needs to be expanded from the focal appropriability regime and complementary assets to the larger context of the innovation ecosystem and its cooperative and competitive actor relations, with dispersed complementary and substitute assets and technologies. Consequently, the shaping of complementary and substitute appropriability regimes is central when strategizing in dynamic and systemic innovation contexts. This holds important implications for the management of open innovation, innovation ecosystems, platforms, and coopetition.     

External knowledge search,absorptive capacity and radical innovation in high-technology firms

Open innovation and absorptive capacity are two concepts based on the idea that companies can leverage the knowledge generated externally to improve their innovation performance. The aim of this paper is to analyse the joint effect of open innovation and absorptive capacity on a firm's radical innovation. Open innovation is expressed in terms of external search breadth and depth strategies and absorptive capacity is described by distinguishing between potential and realized absorptive capacity. In order to test our hypotheses, we carried out empirical research in firms operating in high-technology industries. The results indicate that internal routines and processes for absorbing external knowledge help explain radical innovation as they show a significant effect of potential and realized absorptive capacity. Also, there is a moderating effect of absorptive capacity on open innovation. Specifically, potential absorptive capacity exerts a positive effect on the relationship between external search breadth and depth and radical innovation. Realized absorptive capacity moderates the influence of external search breadth. These findings confirm the complementary nature of absorptive capacity and open innovation search strategies on radical innovation.     

基于遗传算法的装备采购决策优化研究

在装备采购中，由于需求单位地域分布和担负的任务各不相同，对装备的品种、数量、时限要求也就不一样，如何使装备采购科学化、合理化，是一个涉及多变量、多目标的复杂系统问题。在综合考虑装备采购各项因素的基础上，构建多约束条件下的多目标模糊指派模型，提出了基于遗传算法的解决方案，最后通过案例进行仿真实验，验证该算法的可行性和有效性，解决了采用传统优化方法难以解决的装备采购优化决策问题。