区块链技术下智能合约之于合同的新诠释

应用于交易领域的智能合约融入区块链技术,以代码形式表现,可实现合同履行的自动化和不可逆,超越了传统意义上的合同模式.自助行为说、代理说将智能合约视为对合同过程的外部增强,是侧面功能的法律阐释,并未完全捕捉到实质.智能合约并不一定跨越整个合同过程,也可仅是合同过程某个方面或某个阶段.法律意义上的智能合约不是合同新类型,而是合同关系形式的新发展,即当事人缔结和履行合同的新形式,合同性质未发生实质变化.智能合约满足特定要件构成特殊的书面形式,具有"书面形式+自动履行"功能的特质.民事主体通过智能合约形式订立合同应遵守《民法典》等现行法律的具体规则,以保证合同依法成立与生效.智能合约不等同于具有法律效力的合同,认定其效力应结合智能合约应用中的具体问题展开具体分析.从立法上确认智能合约,在符合国家现有法律、政策基础上编写和应用,实现形式的合法化、内容的规范化是该技术谋求长远发展的保障.技术起步的现阶段,纸质合同、一般电子合同与智能合约在不同方面发挥协作作用,会在未来一段时间内成为民事交往、商业交易的主要状态.     

奥巴马政府对朝政策的新理念及其走向

奥巴马政府上台后,其主要致力于应对金融危机和反恐战争.对朝政策上,其在"巧实力"外交理念的指导下,寻求在外交、经济、军事、政治、法律和文化等所有政策工具中选择正确的工具或组合.针对朝核问题的敏感性和脆弱性,奥巴马政府倾向于"冷处理",继而"多管齐下",在合作外交的框架内展开更加灵活的外交活动,促使朝鲜重返六方会谈,继续以对话方式处理相关问题,不过美国也适度增强了对朝鲜的威慑力量,奥巴马政府仍对美朝关系正常化持一种谨慎态度.     

“互联网+”时代高校教育与管理的变革与展望

“互联网+”时代高校传统教育与管理面临着前所未有的新形势和新挑战,在“互联网+”和高校信息化建设的时代背景下,高校必须要把握变革机遇、重塑管理理念观念、树立互联网思维,准确理解“互联网+”校园的理念和内涵,将新一代信息技术充分应用并深度融入高校教育教学、管理服务中,以构建智能化、智慧型校园为切入点,推进高校信息化校园建设,促进我国高等教育转型升级和一流大学、一流学科建设.     

基于城市特征分析模型的智慧城市建设需求分析——以新乡市为例

如何在智慧城市建设过程中确定建设需求一直是智慧城市建设的重点与难点,本文通过构建城市特征分析模型,提出从城市特征出发进行比较分析确定智慧城市建设需求的方法。在完成城市特征分析模型的构建后,本文运用这一模型对新乡市智慧城市建设需求进行了分析并给出了相应的解决方案,展现了这一模型的使用方法。     

Healthcare 4.0: trends,challenges and research directions

Abstract

This paper aims at examining the trends, challenges and theoretical gaps in the implementation of Healthcare 4.0 (H4.0) based on a scoping review of the literature. For that, we searched journal articles in four widely known databases and screened the retrieved articles to obtain a publications’ portfolio. Our findings indicate that, despite the recency of the subject, research in H4.0 has been conducted in an interdisciplinary way with a diversified set of applications and functionalities. In terms of its implementation, H4.0 has been more commonly found in hospitals’ information flows, especially the ones related to healthcare treatments. The identified implementation trends, however, neglect a more holistic approach for H4.0, which originated three main research directions for this topic. Although identified as a trending topic in the area of healthcare operations management, literature on H4.0 may be viewed as randomly conceived, lacking academic alignment and practical orientation based on a grounded theory, which we aim at providing with the present study.     

The Value of Weather Information for E‐Commerce Operations

To be efficient, logistics operations in e‐commerce require warehousing and transportation resources to be aligned with sales. Customer orders must be fulfilled with short lead times to ensure high customer satisfaction, and the costly under‐utilization of workers must be avoided. To approach this ideal, forecasting order quantities with high accuracy is essential. Many drivers of online sales, including seasonality, special promotions and public holidays, are well known, and they have been frequently incorporated into forecasting approaches. However, the impact of weather on e‐commerce operations has not been rigorously analyzed. In this study, we integrate weather data into the sales forecasting of the largest European online fashion retailer. We find that sunshine, temperature, and rain have a significant impact on daily sales, particularly in the summer, on weekends, and on days with extreme weather. Using weather forecasts, we have significantly improved sales forecast accuracy. We find that including weather data in the sales forecast model can lead to fewer sales forecast errors, reducing them by, on average, 8.6% to 12.2% and up to 50.6% on summer weekends. In turn, the improvement in sales forecast accuracy has a measurable impact on logistics and warehousing operations. We quantify the value of incorporating weather forecasts in the planning process for the order fulfillment center workforce and show how their incorporation can be leveraged to reduce costs and increase performance. With a perfect information planning scenario, excess costs can be reduced by 11.6% compared with the cost reduction attainable with a baseline model that ignores weather information in workforce planning.     

高速SOI-LIGBT的数值分析

研制出Ｈｅ离子注入局域寿命控制ＳＯＩ横向绝缘栅双极晶体管（ＳＯＩ－ＬＩＧＢＴ），有效地提高了器件的关断速度，且与集成电路工艺相兼容。数值模拟表明，该器件的t_f～V_F折衷关系优于采用非局域寿命控制的器件，在相同关断速度下其正向压降可降低０．６～１．４ Ｖ，避免了阳极短路结构的正向快速返回现象。     

使用双线性对构造的智能卡口令认证方案

研究了双线性对在智能卡口令认证方案中的应用;针对Girietal方案在敌手能够获取存储在智能卡中信息的情况下不能抵抗冒充攻击的安全缺陷,提出了一种使用双线性对构造的智能卡口令认证方案。在该方案的登录阶段中只是执行群上的加法运算,没有使用杂凑函数和公钥加解密操作,因而计算代价更低,但却提供了更好的安全性,能够抵抗重放攻击、离线攻击和冒充攻击。     

论政府善治的诉求

政府治理是指政府运用公共权力对社会实施管理的过程,“善治”即良好的治理,是政府管理社会所追求的目标。“治理”理论的提出反映了人类政治过程的重心逐渐从极权统治走向法治,从“善政”走向“善治”,对政府管理提出了全新的要求。     

中国零售业并购分析

零售业的并购近年来成为中国经济生活中的热点问题倍受人们关注。本文对2000年以来的中国零售业的并购问题进行分析。首先是描述中国零售业2000年以来的并购概况,对中国零售业并购的数量规模、区域分布和跨国并购等基本情况进行描述;从横向并购、举牌并购、强强联合兴起、跨国并购和国退民进等方面对中国零售业并购的特点进行分析;从融资难度、整合乏力、效益欠佳和外资强占市场等方面对中国零售业并购中存在的问题进行探讨;从微观和宏观两个层面提出了优化中国零售业的并购重组的思路和对策。