Privatization of refuse removal and labor costs

We examine the labor-cost savings associated with privatization by comparing earnings and employment trends of public and private sector refuse workers. Findings suggest that high union earnings for workers in the public sector are a source of labor-cost savings in the refuse industry. Evidence on job changers does not indicate that earnings for this group of workers are a compensating differential. Metropolitan area employment findings suggest that municipalities are less likely to use union refuse workers in the public sector when a relatively small percentage of area residents belong to a union. The authors thank Jacqueline Agesa, Keith Bender, Maria Crawford, and Richard Perlman for valuable suggestions. Research assistance from Eric Blackburn is greatly appreciated.     

浅析我国企业经营者的激励和约束机制

我国已经入世,面临全球化竞争,许多企业缺乏对企业经营者有效的激励机制和约束机制,致使企业缺乏动力和制度保障,建立和健全对企业经营者的激励和约束机制成为当务之急。对此既要重视物质激励,也要重视精神激励,同时还要加强对经营者的内部约束和外部约束,并形成制度。     

Deposit Insurance,Institutions, and Bank Interest Rates

Many recent institutional reforms of the financial system have relied on the introduction of an explicit scheme of deposit insurance. This instrument aims at two main targets, contributing to systemic stability and protecting depositors. However, it may also affect the interest rate spread in the banking system, which can be viewed as an indicator of either inefficiency or market power in this financial segment. This paper provides an empirical investigation of the effect of deposit insurance and other institutional and economic variables on bank interest rates across countries. We find that deposit insurance increases the lending–deposit spread in banking. The main effect seems to arise not from the deposit side though, but from an increase in the lending rate. We interpret this result as evidence of the presence of moral hazard problems related to this instrument. We also find that higher quality of institutions is associated with lower spreads, thus contributing to eroding sources of market power in the banking sector.     

会计信息可靠性与相关性的产权博弈分析

从产权经济学角度对会计信息的产权属性进行分析,把会计信息的产权主体定位为所有的信息使用者,认为会计信息的产权主体与会计信息质量特征之间存在密切关系。不同产权主体之间为有利于自身的信息进行博弈,可靠性和相关性孰轻孰重取决于各方在博弈中的力量对比。最后,文章提出重构会计信息市场、实现可靠性和相关性协调发展的若干对策。     

数值解法中的单元形状函数技巧

本文介绍从一组互不相关的函数中推导数值法中单元形状函数的简便而有效的算法,以特定的一维内插方法导出各种二维、三维的内插方法,它们对奇异性的模拟是有益的;为了适用于延伸到无限远的单元,假设形状函数类似于Lagrange多项式,但包含了一个按指数衰减的项。     

非洲的人口增长与生态环境退化

本文分析了本世纪50年代以来,非洲人口的迅猛增长导致可耕地缩小、人均粮食产量下降、燃料匮乏等经济生活问题,指出目前为克服上述经济生活问题而采取的缩短轮垦周期、扩大种植面积、砍伐森林、牧场牲畜过载等手段引起了生态系统的失衡和退化。非洲的现状提示人类为寻求良好的生活环境,必须很好地保护生态系统,其中控制人口的发展使之与生态系统保持和谐关系是保护生态系统的一个重要方面。     

论《易大传》的朴素辩证法思想

《易大传》总结了先秦时期的朴素辩证法，形成了比较完备的体系，取得了独特的成就。主要是：发展了阴阳概念，使之上升为表述事物对立同一关系普遍原理的哲学范畴；研究了对立面之间的关系以及它们推动事物发展的作用，着重揭示了对立双方的交感、和谐是生命流程之创造、发展的根据；赋予辩证发展观以价值意义，并提炼为“刚健、笃实、辉光、日新”的“健行”精神，从而对于人生意义具有重大影响。这就奠定了中国古代哲学朴素辩证方法的理论基础，使中国古代哲学形成了自己的特点与独有的价值     

Averaging Lorenz curves

A large number of functional forms has been suggested in the literature for estimating Lorenz curves that describe the relationship between income and population shares. The traditional way of overcoming functional-form uncertainty when estimating a Lorenz curve is to choose the function that best fits the data in some sense. In this paper we describe an alternative approach for accommodating functional-form uncertainty, namely, how to use Bayesian model averaging to average the alternative functional forms. In this averaging process, the different Lorenz curves are weighted by their posterior probabilities of being correct. Unlike a strategy of picking the best-fitting function, Bayesian model averaging gives posterior standard deviations that reflect the functional-form uncertainty. Building on our earlier work (Chotikapanich and Griffiths, 2002), we construct likelihood functions using the Dirichlet distribution and estimate a number of Lorenz functions for Australian income units. Prior information is formulated in terms of the Gini coefficient and the income shares of the poorest 10% and poorest 90% of the population. Posterior density functions for these quantities are derived for each Lorenz function and are averaged over all the Lorenz functions.     

深化高职院校产学研结合教育培养人才的三思

产学研结合教育是提高学生的职业能力、全面素质、就业竞争能力的根本途径。本文说明了广东工贸职业技术学院产学研合作培养人才的模式和实践现状,分析了高职院校产学研合作的不足之处及原因。阐述了无行业支持的高职院校如何创造条件深化产学研合作,即开展市场调研、关注学生实践能力增长的课堂教学模式、拓宽校企办学模式、以“研”带动产学研、为中小企业人力资源培训、加强校内实践教学基地建设、课程设计与毕业设计中与生产的结合、社会实践等。