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41.
Cynthia Cockburn 《Gender and development》2013,21(3):433-452
This article addresses the gender division of war and the significance of men and masculinity in processes of militarisation. Three phases of the continuum of war are considered. In periods of war-readiness, societies see a diversion of spending from social provision to the armed forces, accompanied by an increase in patriarchal ideology and authority. The actual waging of wars calls for the delivery of extreme but disciplined violence, and combat training shapes masculinity to this purpose. Armed conflict often involves a massive sexual assault on women. Women have recently intervened internationally to argue that if peace is to be more than a mere cessation of hostilities, ‘security’ must be redefined to mean the satisfaction of human needs, including comprehensive safety for women. Women's peace movements, worldwide, are theorising that gender power relations are significant among the causes of war, and transformative change in how we ‘live’ gender can be a significnt resource for peace. 相似文献
42.
C.-Y. Cynthia Lin 《Population and environment》2010,31(4):255-281
This article examines whether natural disasters affect fertility—a topic little explored but of policy importance given relevance
to policies regarding disaster insurance, foreign aid, and the environment. The identification strategy uses historic regional
data to exploit natural variation within each of two countries: one European country—Italy (1820–1962), and one Asian country—Japan
(1671–1965). The choice of study settings allows consideration of Jones’ (The European miracle, Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge, 1981) theory that preindustrial differences in income and population between Asia and Europe resulted from the
fertility response to different environmental risk profiles. According to the results, short-run instability, particularly
that arising from the natural environment, appears to be associated with a decrease in fertility—thereby suggesting that environmental
shocks and economic volatility are associated with a decrease in investment in the population size of future generations.
The results also show that, contrary to Jones’ (The European miracle, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1981) theory,
differences in fertility between Italy and Japan cannot be explained away by disaster proneness alone. Research on the effects
of natural disasters may enable social scientists and environmentalists alike to better predict the potential effects of the
increase in natural disasters that may result from global climate change. 相似文献
43.
We investigate whether mother's poor union quality attenuates the association between union instability and young children's behavioral adjustment. Using data from three waves of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study to consider children born to married or cohabiting mothers (N=1,730), we determine that children who have experienced poor union quality between mothers and their partners have higher predicted aggressive behavior scores at age 3, regardless of whether they have experienced union transitions, compared to children who have experienced high-quality, stable unions. Children who have experienced instability in the context of higher-quality unions and relatively less acrimonious dissolutions are similar to children raised in high-quality stable unions in terms of predicted aggressive behavior scores. 相似文献
44.
Latane and Darley developed a five-stage model to understand why people do and do not help other people in emergency situations. We extend their five-stage model to explore why people do and do not take action against climate change. We identify the factors that make climate change difficult to notice and ambiguous as an emergency; we explore barriers to taking responsibility for action; and we discuss the issues of efficacy and costs versus benefits that make action unlikely. The resulting analysis is useful on two levels. For educators and policy makers, the model suggests the most efficacious approaches to galvanizing action among U.S. citizens. For social scientists, the model provides a valuable framework for integrating research from diverse areas of psychology and suggests fruitful avenues for future empirical research. 相似文献
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AbstractParent-carers need support to continue to care for their child with significant disability in their home. There has, however, been little evidence that respite interventions have consistent or enduring beneficial effects on carer well-being. This article reports the findings of a qualitative study which adopted an Appreciative Inquiry philosophy to interview parent-carers of children with significant intellectual and/or developmental disabilities on how formal support services have helped them maintain their health and well-being, and disability support staff on how they help such parent-carers foster their health and well-being. We conclude that better communication and collaboration between service providers and users, more targeted training of workers, and embracing a person-centred and family-centred approach to respite services are needed. In addition, clearer definition and communication of the scope of respite services are required to best support families of children with significant disability in their home. 相似文献
49.
Frederic J. Sautter Shirley M. Glynn Karin E. Thompson Laurel Franklin Xiaotong Han 《Journal of marital and family therapy》2009,35(3):343-349
This study reports preliminary findings regarding the feasibility and efficacy of a novel couple-based treatment, named Strategic Approach Therapy (SAT), for reducing avoidance symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Six male Vietnam combat veterans diagnosed with PTSD and their cohabitating marital partners participated in 10 weeks of SAT treatment. Self-report, clinician ratings, and partner ratings of PTSD symptoms were obtained before the first session and after the tenth session of treatment. Veterans reported statistically significant reductions in self-reported, clinician-rated, and partner-rated effortful avoidance, emotional numbing, and overall PTSD severity. These data indicate that SAT offers promise as an effective treatment for PTSD avoidance symptoms. 相似文献
50.
Jacqueline L. Angel Cynthia J. Buckley Brian Karl Finch 《The International migration review》2001,35(3):784-803
Economic, social and familial resources are known to influence subjective health assessments. We examine the salience of nativity in determining how these resources influence self‐assessed health using a large, nationwide sample of Hispanic and non‐Hispanic white adults. The results indicate that while education, accumulated assets and marital status benefit the physical and emotional health of the native and foreign‐born, family resources and income are significant only for the native‐born. English language proficiency is a significant protective factor for both groups and is especially protective for immigrants. These surprising findings call into question previous studies stressing the positive role of the family in maintaining immigrant health. 相似文献