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31.
A doubly censoring scheme occurs when the lifetimes T being measured, from a well-known time origin, are exactly observed within a window [L, R] of observational time and are otherwise censored either from above (right-censored observations) or below (left-censored
observations). Sample data consists on the pairs (U, δ) where U = min{R, max{T, L}} and δ indicates whether T is exactly observed (δ = 0), right-censored (δ = 1) or left-censored (δ = −1). We are interested in the estimation of the marginal behaviour of the three random variables T, L and R based on the observed pairs (U, δ). We propose new nonparametric simultaneous marginal estimators [^(S)]T, [^(S)]L{\hat S_{T}, \hat S_{L}} and [^(S)]R{\hat S_{R}} for the survival functions of T, L and R, respectively, by means of an inverse-probability-of-censoring approach. The proposed estimators [^(S)]T, [^(S)]L{\hat S_{T}, \hat S_{L}} and [^(S)]R{\hat S_{R}} are not computationally intensive, generalize the empirical survival estimator and reduce to the Kaplan-Meier estimator in
the absence of left-censored data. Furthermore, [^(S)]T{\hat S_{T}} is equivalent to a self-consistent estimator, is uniformly strongly consistent and asymptotically normal. The method is illustrated
with data from a cohort of drug users recruited in a detoxification program in Badalona (Spain). For these data we estimate
the survival function for the elapsed time from starting IV-drugs to AIDS diagnosis, as well as the potential follow-up time.
A simulation study is discussed to assess the performance of the three survival estimators for moderate sample sizes and different
censoring levels. 相似文献
32.
Sidener TM Carr JE Karsten AM Severtson JM Cornelius CE Heinicke MR 《The Analysis of verbal behavior》2010,26(1):15-30
The purpose of this series of experiments was to evaluate the effects of mixed mand-tact arrangements on the acquisition of mands and tacts in preschool-aged children. In Experiment 1, the effects of three training arrangements (mand-only training, tact-only training, and mand-tact training) were investigated with 3 typically developing children. Rates of acquisition in single (mand-only and tact-only) versus mixed (mand-tact) presentation were comparable, in contrast to earlier investigations. Experiment 2 attempted to clarify the equivocal findings of Experiment 1 by directly replicating the Carroll and Hesse (1987) investigation with 2 typically developing children. Results again demonstrated no clear benefit of mixed verbal operant training on tact acquisition. In Experiment 3, these same arrangements were evaluated with a boy with autism and included assessments to determine that a relevant establishing operation was in effect prior to each mand training session. Experiment 3 again failed to demonstrate the facilitative effects of mand-tact training on the acquisition of mands or tacts. Taken together, the data from these three experiments fail to support the improved efficiency of mand-tact training suggested by prior studies. Findings are discussed in the context of future research investigating mixed verbal operant arrangements. 相似文献
33.
We review research on families and health published between 2000 and 2009 and highlight key themes and findings from innovative, methodologically rigorous studies. Whereas research in prior decades focused primarily on whether family structure affects child and adult health, contemporary research examines the contextual and processual factors that shape for whom, for which outcomes, and under what conditions families affect mental and physical health. We discuss how family structure, transitions, and processes within families of origin affect children's health over the life course. We then examine the effects of marital status, transitions, and quality for adult health. We point out limitations in current research, discuss implications of recent findings for policy, and highlight theoretical and methodological directions for future research. 相似文献
34.
文章详细考察了卢卡奇早期理论创作,即其成为一名马克思主义者之前的理论创作,尤其是其对艺术、小说、戏剧等的研究。作者指出,卢卡奇在其从事理论活动的初始就把解决资本主义文化危机作为旨归;他转变为马克思主义者并非一种断裂,而是为这一理论旨归寻找现实载体的努力。 相似文献
35.
Min-Kyoung Rhee Michàlle E. Mor Barak William T. Gallo 《Journal of gerontological social work》2016,59(1):35-55
This study examined mechanisms of the effect of involuntary retirement on self-rated health and mental health among adults aged 50 or older. Using two waves of the Health and Retirement Study (2006 and 2010), we selected a sample of 1,195 individuals working for pay at baseline who responded to a lifestyle questionnaire in both waves. Regression-based path analyses were conducted to test the mediating effects of financial control, positive and negative family relationships, and social integration on the relationship between involuntary retirement and self-rated health and mental health. Results of mediation analyses indicated that transition to involuntary retirement was directly negatively associated with subsequent self-rated health and indirectly negatively associated with mental health via perception of less financial control. Voluntary retirement was indirectly positively associated with both self-rated and mental health via perception of more financial control. No significant direct or indirect effects of retirement were found when retirement was measured with an aggregate measure without specifying its voluntariness. Findings emphasize the importance of specifying the voluntariness of retirement and recognizing the heterogeneity in the mechanisms of involuntary and voluntary retirement. 相似文献
36.
Judit Fullana Maria Pallisera Montserrat Vilà 《International Journal of Social Research Methodology》2013,16(6):723-738
This article explores the possibilities offered by visual methods in the move towards inclusive research, reviewing some methodological implications of said research and reflecting on the potential of visual methods to meet these methodological requirements. A study into the impact of work on social inclusion and the social relationships of people suffering from severe mental illness (SMI) serves to illustrate the use of visual methods such as photo elicitation and graphic elicitation in the context of in-depth interviews with the aim of improving the aforementioned target group’s participation in research, participation understood as one of the basic elements of inclusive approaches. On the basis of this study, we reflect on the potential of visual methods to improve the inclusive approach to research and conclude that these methods are open and flexible in awarding participantsa voice, allowingpeople with SMI to express their needs, and therefore adding value to said approach. 相似文献
37.
Elisabetta Girelli 《National Identities》2013,15(2):157-171
This article focuses on a key Gainsborough costume melodrama, Madonna of the Seven Moons (1944). Following the critical revaluation of the ‘woman's film’, feminist film scholars have celebrated Madonna's feminine aesthetics and extravagant Italian setting, seen as an alternative to the austerity of Britain's wartime self‐definition. Using this position as a point of debate, I explore some hitherto ignored implications of the film's representation of Italianness, arguing that Madonna actually reinforces national boundaries by relying on long‐established notions of ‘Britishness’ and ‘Italianness’, and owes its box‐office success to the validation of Italy's ambivalent place in British fantasy. 相似文献
38.
39.
Amy L. Ai Carol Plummer Grace Heo Catherine M. Lemieux Cassandra E. Simon Patricia Taylor Valire Carr Copeland 《Race and social problems》2011,3(1):13-24
This study examines the attribution of responsibility for the problematic response to Hurricane Katrina in the fall of 2005.
Based on social identity theory, the study compared the attribution with racism and non-racism factors (situational vs. dispositional
attributions) between African American and European American students (n = 505). As hypothesized, African American identity was related to greater racism attribution, even after controlling for
demographics, faith factors, and cognitive-emotional reactions to the hurricanes. European American identity was associated
with more executive-responsibility attributions, but the effect vanished after adjusting other factors. The study underscores
the importance of acknowledging group identity rather than an overarching American identity in exploring the race effect after
a national collective trauma. The consequential implications for disaster planning, future research investigation, and social
service delivery are discussed. 相似文献
40.
Racial differences in end-of-life planning: why don't Blacks and Latinos prepare for the inevitable?
I evaluate the extent to which ethnic disparities in advance care planning reflect cultural and religious attitudes and experience with the painful deaths of loved ones. Data are from a sample of 293 chronically ill older adults who are seeking care at one of two large medical centers in urban New Jersey. Blacks and Hispanics are significantly less likely than Whites to have a living will, a durable power of attorney for health care (DPAHC), and to have discussed their end of life treatment preferences. Multivariate analyses reveal that the Black-White gap in advance care planning is largely accounted for by Blacks' belief that God controls the timing and nature of death. The Hispanic-White gap is partially accounted for by the belief that one's illness negatively affects one's family. Ethnic disparities are starkest for living will and DPAHC use, and less pronounced for discussions. Implications for policy and practice are discussed. 相似文献