低碳出行下轨道交通对景点可达性的影响——基于社会网络分析法

旅游景点的可达性是城市提升“交通+旅游”融合发展中的关键问题,在交通可达时间测算基础上引入社会网络分析法,基于ArcGIS和ucinet 6软件构建景点可达网络,并测算景点网络密度、度中心性、居中中心性、核心-边缘结构等网络技术指标,探讨散客化背景下低碳出行中轨道交通对西安市A级及以上景点网络中各节点的交通可达性及其在景点网络中的地位、角色的影响,通过不同指标的计算,分析景点直接和间接可达性及其变化情况。研究表明:西安市轨道交通重点提升了主城区及周边偏远地区地铁沿线局部网络及单个景点的可达性,“地铁+公交+骑行”使景点网络的核心-边缘分区结构呈现逐渐弱化的趋势,地铁沿线逐渐形成新的景点网络“旅游走廊”; 西安市轨道交通有效衔接了中西部、中北部偏远景点间的联动,对于局部景点网络中的景点资源有效分配及组合发展具有有效调整作用。未来的公共交通网络、枢纽站建设应重点考虑度中心性高的景点及核心区景点,受地铁优化较小的景点应转向探索发展景点旅游直通车; 应重点针对居中中心性高、同个凝聚子群的景点规划建设特色旅游线路; 公共交通与景点应互为宣传,突出并强调景点公共交通可达的便捷性。     

峨眉山气候研究

本文通过对峨眉山气候的多次考察、对比分析、统计整理,全面地总结出了峨眉山的气温特点和降水特点,进一步探讨了峨眉山气候垂直分异规律及垂直自然带的划分和成因。     

影响林科大学生就业的成因与对策

通过社会对高层次人才的需求、就业竞争能力、教学体制、择业方式与用人制度、就业指导等五个方面,对影响林科大学生的就业成因进行分析,提出了解决林科大学生就业问题的对策,即提高教育质量、就业能力与加强就业指导、择业观念教育.     

The process is the plan: defining strategic community futures

This case study describes the application and assessment of a community-based strategic planning model to a faith-based organization. The United Jewish Communities of MetroWest New Jersey is responsible for programming, raising and allocating funds to serve a mission both global and local. A board-sanctioned process opened planning and allocations to a broader audience of community and service agencies, resulting in both dynamic synergy and conflict for the organization and its beneficiaries. This article looks at how a more strategic and inclusive planning process shaped decision-making and program evaluation. With input from professional staff and lay leadership, we consider lessons learned in the context of profound challenges facing non-profit, philanthropy-dependent organizations.     

Implementation and evaluation of an HIV/STD intervention in Peru

This paper presents the lessons learned through a process evaluation (PE) after 1 year of implementation of a 2-year community intervention in Lima, Peru. The intervention consisted of training and motivating community popular opinion leaders (CPOLs) for three marginal population segments to disseminate prevention messages among their peers. PE data included: observations, qualitative interviews with CPOLS, conversations and messages delivered by CPOLs, training facilitators' perceptions about implementation, and a survey of CPOLs. The PE helped to document and enhance the intervention. CPOLs were motivated to talk to their peers. CPOLs perceived that their participation had an effect on their own risk behaviors and saw their role as beneficial to their community. The PE was helpful in examining training delivery and the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention in order to assess the elements related to program success necessary to replicate the CPOL model.     

WORKING CARERS OF OLDER ADULTS

Juggling work and care presents particular challenges to carers and employers. Employers are increasingly under pressure, both from within organizations and from recent government legislation and policy, to develop family-friendly policies to support informal carers in the workplace. Yet existing ‘family-friendly’ schemes and services are still primarily designed for working parents of young children and rarely address the needs of employees who care for older or disabled adults. This paper reports on a study which investigated how working carers and managers in two public sector organizations — a Social Services Department (SSD) and a National Health Service (NHS) Trust — combined their work and caring responsibilities. A multi-method approach was adopted consisting of five phases. First, a profile of the two organizations was established, followed by a short screening questionnaire to all employees to identify who was caring for an older adult over the age of 60. Third, a lengthier postal survey was sent to the 365 carers who had indicated a willingness to participate further. In the fourth and fifth phases, carers and managers were interviewed in depth about their experiences. This paper reports briefly on the survey, but then concentrates in particular on what was said in the interviews about what helps and hinders working carers of older adults. Despite the existence of policies to support carers, our findings suggest that these were far less important than informal support from colleagues and a sympathetic manager in the workplace. Commuting distance between work, home and the older person also posed difficulties for carers, along with inflexible schedules and work overload. Employers are urged to explore these issues further if they are serious about recruiting and retaining employees, and developing the work – life balance agenda to meet the needs of those caring for older and disabled adults.     

The Impact of Caregiver-Care Recipient Relationship Quality on Family Caregivers of Women With Substance-Use Disorders or Co-Occurring Substance and Mental Disorders

This cross-sectional study utilized a stress-process model to examine the impact of caregivers' (N = 82) perceptions of their relationship quality with a female family member (i.e., care-recipient) with substance-use or co-occurring substance and mental disorders on caregivers' perceived burden. Regression findings indicate that relationship quality impacts both subjective and objective burden. Higher levels of emotional support given to the care recipient by the caregiver predicted lower levels of caregiver displeasure; whereas higher levels of undermining of the care recipient by the caregiver predicted higher levels of caregiver stigma. Higher levels of emotional support received by the caregiver from the care recipient were associated with lower levels of caregiver displeasure and lower objective burden; higher levels of undermining of the caregiver by the care recipient predicted higher objective burden. Implications for practice and service delivery are presented.     

Social Work within a Community Discourse: Challenges for Teaching

This paper considers the continuing debate about the relationship between social work and community work. We write about our collaboration as educators, one from a social work background and the other from a community work background and discuss the challenge of teaching community work to social work students in a way that is relevant for contemporary practice, and that embraces community work principles and values. Our paper explores Ife's framework of competing discourses of human services and discusses how it has helped us to articulate our thinking and teaching practice in the Irish context. For us, the framework integrates social work and community work within a community discourse that provides a language transcending disciplinary boundaries. This approach represents a means of familiarising students with the community work process and enabling them to take action on issues of social justice. The framework represents four competing models of human service delivery: the managerial, the market, the professional and the community. We discuss how we use this conceptualisation to teach and engage students in a process of critical reflection. The paper discusses methods we use to undertake this process, and the development of our teaching practice over the last two years.     

Social Work Educators in a Changing Higher Education Context: Looking Back and Looking Forward 1982–2005

Abstract

The present paper is based on initial findings from an online survey of Australian social work educators conducted as part of the Australian Research Council Linkage Project “Social Work in the Enterprise University: A national survey of social work educators 1982–2005”.1 1. The chief investigators in the project are Associate Professor Elizabeth Ozanne and Professor Craig McInnis, from The University of Melbourne, and Associate Professor Wendy Weeks, who sadly passed away in July 2004. The Australian Association of Social Work and Welfare Education is the industry partner in the project and the researcher is Kylie Agbim (nee Brown), PhD scholar, School of Social Work, The University of Melbourne. The article contributes to empirical data on the Australian social work education workforce and draws attention to the need for greater exploration of the challenges and opportunities confronting social work educators. It is argued that the characteristics of Australian social work academics and their visions for contemporary and future social work education are of increasing importance in a more competitive and global higher education market and in an era when the nature of welfare practice is being radically transformed. Initial findings from the 2005 national survey are compared with findings from the only previous national survey of social work educators and contemporary studies of other academic populations. The data highlight possible implications for contemporary and future social work education in universities.     

POLITICIZING MEMORY

This paper argues that hegemonic memorial ceremonies are typically based on the practice and discourse of de-politicization of the ‘Israeli condition’. Three mechanisms serve such de-politicization: rendering death meaningful; idealizing the fallen and focusing on their transcendental as opposed to their corporeal side and the sanctification of time. Ceremonies featuring these mechanisms are paradigmatic events that perpetuate the hegemonic model of bereavement in Israel. Ceremonies deviating from these practices function as an opposition to static collective memory by acting as extra-paradigmatic sites of memory (Lieux de mémoire). This paper analyzes the Hallal (Hebrew for both ‘fallen’ and ‘void’) ceremony (Tzavta Theatre, Tel Aviv, 2009), that serves as an ‘alternative’ Remembrance Day ceremony. Drawing on the ethnography of ceremonies, we claim that this ceremony is an extra-paradigmatic event on account of its subversion of the de-politicizing mechanisms.