行为责任价值存在样式的几种演变

行为责任存在的演变经历了道德律、伦理性以及社会性等几种样式。道德律排斥了行为责任实践性的一面,将价值的产生归结于道德律,这意味着行为主体在实践过程中失去了主动性、自为性,行为责任价值的应然性取决于对道德律的服从。社会存在形式的去魅化,价值标准从终极型存在形式转化为实践中伦理应然性的存在。伦理的价值应然性要求行为主体将行为责任价值产生划归己有,重新回归行为主体实践价值之中,并通过主体自为性与行为主体之间理性价值关系得以确立。现代社会的价值要求,标准行为责任价值存在的真正实现必然要通过行为主体将行为责任的应然性委托于社会,并最终以社会价值的形式加以表达,应然价值的行为责任存在形式得以超越,实现自我价值存在的延伸即行为责任社会价值的真正实现。     

Can the minimum living standard guarantee scheme enable the poor to escape the poverty trap in rural China?

The rural Minimum Living Standard Guarantee (Dibao) Scheme is the most important social assistance programme in rural China. However, how the rural Dibao programme affects household expenditures and whether it can enable the poor to escape the poverty trap are questions that remain largely unexplored. This study used data from the 2012 Rural Household Survey in China to investigate the impact of the rural Dibao programme on household expenditures. We found that the programme significantly improved the well‐being of low‐income households. Particularly, the programme significantly increased household expenditures on housing, education and health; furthermore, the impact was greater for households with educated household heads. However, the programme did not significantly affect household expenditures on food, transportation or farming inputs. The results imply that participation in the rural Dibao programme induces household investment in human capital, which could help to break the inter‐generational transmission of poverty and raise long‐run welfare.     

Welfare Programme Participation and the Wellbeing of Non-local Rural Migrants in Metropolitan China: A Social Exclusion Perspective

Social Indicators Research - China has seen an unprecedented increase in rural-to-urban migrants in the last three decades, and the extension of welfare programmes to these migrants has been a...     

Intergenerational relationships in Chinese transnational families: A typology study

ABSTRACT

Using latent class analysis, this study examined the overall patterns of multifaceted intergenerational relationships of 604 parent-child dyads in 292 transnational families in Beijing, China. Three family relation types emerged: local obligatory (27%, with reciprocal support and ambivalent feelings), distant discordant (27%, with weak associations and high conflict), and distant intimate (46%, with highest filial ratings and emotional quality). Parents’ health and children’s marital status, socioeconomic status, childcare responsibilities, and sibling numbers were associated with different relation types. The findings are helpful for social workers to identify subgroups of older adults in transnational families who are at risk of having inadequate support.     

Educational gradient of health in rural China

The aim of this paper is to examine whether and how rural residents’ educational attainment is associated with their self-rated health in China. Taking advantage of the National Exercise Facility Survey that was collected between December 2015 and March 2016, we find that educational attainment has a significant and positive correlation with self-rated health, net of the effects of age, gender, and geographical region. This correlation is mediated by factors such as perceived importance of exercise and healthy lifestyle. Relatively, people’s cognitive knowledge about health-related information and material resource access fail to play a significant mediating role. The findings highlight the non-material and non-cognitive attributes of educational attainment in shaping the gradient of health in the rural setting of China. Interventions that expand formal education to the mass and optimize teaching contents may offer an effective means to balance the health gradient.     

论商事合伙中的单独业务执行权和单独代表权

商事合伙的合伙人应当具有单独业务执行权和单独代表权,原则上每一合伙人均可单独执行合伙事务并代表合伙企业。虽然这对于商事合伙而言可能是危险的,但却是基于商事实践的理性选择,而且这种危险在很大程度上是可控的。我国应当确立这一模式。     

产业转型背景下企业的工资激励效应分析

文章基于2012年17个省份不同类型企业的2 229份员工调查数据,运用White异方差一致协方差估计和有序Probit模型,实证分析了在产业转型的大趋势中转型企业的工资激励效应。研究结果表明,转型企业对员工进行了工资激励,国有转型企业的工资激励更为明显。在资源有限的制约下,国有转型企业采用了结构性的效率工资,重点对男性、中年、高学历、工作经验丰富及重要岗位员工给予了高报酬激励,提高了员工的积极性。工资激励、特别是对核心员工的效率工资激励对留住人才、充分调动核心员工的主观能动性至关重要,既可以帮助企业熨平发展的障碍,也能为企业的转型升级带来推动力。     

Tail asymptotic of discounted aggregate claims with compound dependence under risky investment

This paper considers the tail asymptotic of discounted aggregate claims with compound dependence under risky investment. The price of risky investment is modeled by a geometric Lévy process, while claims are modeled by a one-sided linear process whose innovations further obeying a so-called upper tail asymptotic independence. When the innovations are heavy tailed, we derive some uniform asymptotic formulas. The results show that the linear dependence has significant impact on the tail asymptotic of discounted aggregate claims but the upper tail asymptotic independence is negligible.