国际经济合作会议的筹办与美国对外政策

20世纪70年代初,世界经济形势严重恶化,国际石油市场趋于动荡,发达国家与发展中国家均面临严峻挑战。为解决困扰全球经济的国际难题,各国倡导召开国际性经济会议,展开有效的南北对话。在此期间,美国制定相应策略,力图推动国际经济合作会议的召开。在会议筹办的过程中,美国通过多边外交行动,协调西方石油消费国统一立场,加强其与第三世界国家的沟通理解,旨在稳定西方世界主导下的国际经济秩序。美国针对会议的外交政策折射出美国霸权势力下降时期外交战略的重要调整,是美国对外政策阶段性变化的缩影。     

Reviewing the latest national policies and services for people with severe mental health disorders in government-funded institutions in Vietnam,and policy recommendations for service improvements

The aim of this paper is to provide the international community with a broad and updated picture of key policies and services for people with severe mental health disorders in Vietnam. In particular, the paper (1) reviews the most important national policies governing care for people with mental health disorders, (2) reviews the status of free-of-charge care provided to people with severe mental health disorders in a network of government-funded facilities across the nation and (3) discusses the future policy directions of Vietnam regarding people with mental health disorders.     

Campaigning in the fourth age of political communication. A multi-method study on the use of Facebook by German and Austrian parties in the 2013 national election campaigns

Starting from the contribution to the discussion on a fourth age of political communication, here we argue that, as a consequence of how the Web 2.0 has changed political campaigns, the theoretical time-bound three-phase models of political campaigning must be reconsidered. We propose four ideal campaign types based on their ideal-typical target audience: partisan-, mass-, target group- and individual-centered campaigns. In reality, each campaign combines elements of all types. To examine this mixture empirically, we apply a most similar systems design and investigate five German and six Austrian parties’ use of Facebook in the 2013 national election campaigns. On the basis of face-to-face interviews with the campaign managers and a quantitative content analysis of the respective parties’ Facebook pages, we analyze how parties used Facebook as a campaigning tool to inform, interact with, and mobilize voters, as well as which target audiences they addressed. We find that, although the campaign managers declare Facebook their most important Web 2.0 campaigning tool, the German and Austrian parties did not make use of Facebook’s interactive and mobilizing potential, rather relying on mass-centered information, possibly due to the framework conditions in both countries. Based on our findings, we conclude that the role of context for election campaigning should be discussed more carefully.     

Language performance and cognitive function in persons with nondominant-hemispheric stroke

This study investigated the relationship between language performance and cognitive function in stroke patients after nondominant hemisphere damage. The results of a battery of formal language tests, K-WAB, of seventy-eight patients were analyzed. The correlation between their K-WAB and K-MMSE scores was analyzed. Multivariate analysis of covariance adjusting for educational years in each of K-WAB and K-MMSE was conducted in accordance with the brain lesion location. Only 35.9 % of patients were classified as normal and the remaining 64.1 % were categorized as subnormal by K-WAB. There was a positive correlation between their language and cognitive functions. Outcomes differed according to lesion location, as the SAH group exhibited a significantly lower performance in both language and cognitive evaluations than the other groups. Cognitive-communicative disorders in stroke patients with nondominant-hemispheric lesions present in different ways. In-depth language evaluation of all brain-damaged patients should be conducted so that language defects of patients are not ignored.     

Facilitating Redundancy‐Oriented Management with Gene‐Therapy‐Oriented Management Against Disaster

This article tests the hypothesis that “if redundancy‐oriented management has negative aspects, then it could be facilitated by gene‐therapy‐oriented management.” Negative aspects include disadvantages, misjudgments, or miscalculations. The article provides a newly revised principle of disaster management by studying gene‐therapy‐oriented management. Based on qualitative analysis, redundancy‐oriented and gene‐therapy‐oriented management are analyzed via five variables: governments, business, volunteers, households, and the international community. The article is valuable because an analytical frame on gene‐therapy‐oriented management is systematically reconceptualized for the field of disaster management via three elements: unhealthy proteins (problems or failed measures), a vector (new or modified solutions), and target cells (positive outcomes). In accepting the hypothesis, the key tenet is that stakeholders have to assist the progress of redundancy‐oriented management with gene‐therapy‐oriented management by paying attention to the genes of each disaster.     

Group cues and public opposition to immigration: evidence from a survey experiment in South Korea

One view in the study of attitudes towards immigration is that public reactions depend on who the immigrants are. Using a survey experiment, we confirm that group cues matter: South Koreans are more likely to support liberal immigration policies, when immigrants are framed as North Korean defectors (coethnic group). When other groups cues—Korean Chinese (semi-coethnic group) or guest-workers from Indonesia (non-coethnic group)—are given, the level of support becomes significantly lower. Apparently clear evidence on the existence of favouritism towards coethnic group notwithstanding, the relationship between in-group favouritism and immigration threat is not simple, as demonstrated by the finding that individuals exposed to Korean Chinese cues are more likely to feel culturally and socially threatened than those exposed to Indonesian cues. Also, South Koreans experience higher levels of economic threat from North Korean defectors than from Korean Chinese and Indonesians. Additional analysis reveals that ethnic group cues affect public attitudes towards immigration policies not necessarily by heightening perceived threat towards immigrants, but by facilitating individuals’ emotional reactions to them.     

Combined synthetic and |S| chart for monitoring process dispersion

This article proposes a multivariate control chart, the syn-|S| chart, which comprises a standard |S| subchart and a multivariate synthetic sample generalized variance |S| (synthetic |S|) subchart, for detecting shifts in the covariance matrix of a multivariate normally distributed process. A procedure for the optimal design of the syn-|S| chart by minimizing the average extra quadratic loss is provided. The syn-|S| chart has better overall performance compared to the synthetic |S| chart and the standard |S| chart, based on the zero-state and steady-state modes. An example is given to illustrate the operation of the synthetic |S| chart.     

近三十年国外民族政策研究简述

20世纪80年代以来,世界各国民族政策研究受到学界的重视,内容基本涉及了全球各类地区和国家,同时研究范围则较为广泛。主要关及民族自治权、民族教育、文化保护、土地权和资源开发等问题及其相关政策的评价。总体而言,苏联、南斯拉夫、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚等国是国外民族政策研究中受到较多关注的国家,本文着重回顾了既往研究中对以上诸国民族政策的探讨,并展现了众多学者在研究中发掘出的对制定中国民族政策具有启示作用的地方。     

Negotiating Compliance: The Case of Autonomous Hospitals in Vietnam

Maternal death is one of the highest causes of global mortality. Governments have long used regulation to improve maternal health but concurrent fiscal‐decentralisation reforms can undermine clinical performance. This article focuses on public Vietnamese hospitals to explore how regulatory compliance is pursued in decentralised health facilities, since Vietnam has seen increasing autonomisation of public hospitals in the last decade while simultaneously experiencing marked reductions in the maternal mortality ratio. Our analysis suggests that autonomisation has allowed regional regulatory regimes to emerge and that regulatory compliance must compete with other priorities. Compliance can therefore be rethought as a negotiation having implications for how government and maternal health advocates persuade self‐sufficient hospitals to take on wider health‐system goals.