新生代农民工群体特征研究

自2010年中央一号文件首次提出“新生代农民工”说法，新生代农民工开始成为社会各界关注的对象，通过梳理相关文献大致可勾画出新生代农民工所谓“四高”、“一低”、“一薄弱”的社会印象和群体特征。相对其他群体来说，新生代农民工受教育水平并不高，对于农民身份认同相对减弱，城市社区认同较高。对于新生代农民工群体特征的研究应该区分农民工的人口学特征与社会特征，并充分认识到新生代农民工群体的异质性，对其定义和特征把握要注意从与周围群体和代际关系中共同考虑。     

Assessing Participation and Effectiveness of the Peer-Led Approach in Youth Sexual Health Education: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis in More Developed Countries

Sexual health education for young people is crucial not only for development of norms but also for protection against vulnerabilities during this stage in life. Although several systematic reviews have examined the effectiveness of peer-led sex education, none have focused on the extent of peer participation. The purpose of this review was to evaluate peer-led sexual health education interventions in more developed countries (MDCs). Electronic and manual searches across five social science, education, and medical databases were conducted. Fifteen articles were selected in total. Most (10 of 15) studies gave low or no responsibility to peers. The majority of articles found improvements in sexual health knowledge (13 of 14) and attitudes (11 of 15) at postintervention stages. Two studies showed improved self-efficacy, and three showed behavioral changes. A preliminary synthesis of effectiveness and level of participation was done. Meta-analysis revealed a large effect on knowledge change (Hedges’ g = 0.84, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 1.25) and a medium effect on attitude change (Hedges’ g = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.19 to 0.80). Peer-led interventions could be a powerful tool. This review shows that this approach is effective in changing knowledge and attitudes but not behaviors. Further research and action are needed to understand optimal implementation.     

Determinants of public attitude towards a social enterprise crisis in the digital era: Lessons learnt from THINX

This study examines how the perceived locus of crisis cause, controllability, and adherence to social mission are associated with public attitude in the context of a social enterprise crisis and evaluates the differences between these variables under episodic and thematic frames of online articles. Using the crisis case of THINX in 2017 as a case study, a quantitative content analysis was performed on a sample of 503 comments under online articles. Hierarchical regression revealed that the locus of crisis cause and adherence to social mission were associated with public attitude, whereas controllability was not associated with public attitude when adherence to social mission was accounted for. Significant differences were found in the locus of crisis cause, controllability, adherence to social mission, and public attitude between episodic and thematic frames. This study provided a basis for the theoretical development of crisis communication in a social enterprise and the corresponding role for public relations.     

Bayesian adaptive dose‐escalation designs for simultaneously estimating the optimal and maximum safe dose based on safety and efficacy

The main purpose of dose‐escalation trials is to identify the dose(s) that is/are safe and efficacious for further investigations in later studies. In this paper, we introduce dose‐escalation designs that incorporate both the dose‐limiting events and dose‐limiting toxicities (DLTs) and indicative responses of efficacy into the procedure. A flexible nonparametric model is used for modelling the continuous efficacy responses while a logistic model is used for the binary DLTs. Escalation decisions are based on the combination of the probabilities of DLTs and expected efficacy through a gain function. On the basis of this setup, we then introduce 2 types of Bayesian adaptive dose‐escalation strategies. The first type of procedures, called “single objective,” aims to identify and recommend a single dose, either the maximum tolerated dose, the highest dose that is considered as safe, or the optimal dose, a safe dose that gives optimum benefit risk. The second type, called “dual objective,” aims to jointly estimate both the maximum tolerated dose and the optimal dose accurately. The recommended doses obtained under these dose‐escalation procedures provide information about the safety and efficacy profile of the novel drug to facilitate later studies. We evaluate different strategies via simulations based on an example constructed from a real trial on patients with type 2 diabetes, and the use of stopping rules is assessed. We find that the nonparametric model estimates the efficacy responses well for different underlying true shapes. The dual‐objective designs give better results in terms of identifying the 2 real target doses compared to the single‐objective designs.     

Least squares estimation of varying‐coefficient hazard regression with application to breast cancer dose‐intensity data

To enhance modeling flexibility, the authors propose a nonparametric hazard regression model, for which the ordinary and weighted least squares estimation and inference procedures are studied. The proposed model does not assume any parametric specifications on the covariate effects, which is suitable for exploring the nonlinear interactions between covariates, time and some exposure variable. The authors propose the local ordinary and weighted least squares estimators for the varying‐coefficient functions and establish the corresponding asymptotic normality properties. Simulation studies are conducted to empirically examine the finite‐sample performance of the new methods, and a real data example from a recent breast cancer study is used as an illustration. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 37: 659–674; 2009 © 2009 Statistical Society of Canada     

空间结构演化与长江三角洲先进制造业新一轮技术创新的联动战略

本文运用空间经济学的技术扩散理论,对长江三角洲内部具有高度技术联系和地理上又紧密相邻的沪苏锡先进制造业的产值、资产、利润、技术开发经费和开发人员等指标作了一次细致的研究。几乎所有的统计数据表明,未来数年,沪苏锡先进制造业的发展重点将从"资本深化"向"技术深化"转型,预示着制造业结构一场重大变动阶段的到来。区域内部技术资源的高度集聚性和空间毗邻性意味着可供利用的创新资源存量正在超速增长,采取鼓励增加技术投资以及推动知识和技术等生产要素在区域内部和区域之间自由流动的政策是一定能够提高先进制造业的技术创新率,并且可以将新的技术创新成果扩散到更广阔的区域,获取更大的技术创新效益和促进更快的工业结构升级。     

西北贫困民族聚居区学校体育特征研究

在层层比较中作者们认为西北贫困民族聚居区学校体育具有总体比较落后、地域特征明显;观念比较陈旧、经费严重不足;民族特色突出、发展潜力较大;少数民族青少年为主体,多数以一课两操为支撑四个方面的基本特征。     

西南山区小城市城镇文化建设SWOT分析——以重庆市城口县为例

文化建设带动区域发展对西南山区小城镇具有一定参考,是实现新形势下的特色城镇化发展的有益尝试。文章选择重庆市城口县为研究对象,运用SWOT研究方法,系统分析城口县在建设城镇文化进程中的优势、局限、机遇和挑战,归纳西南山区小城镇发展城镇文化的内外部环境,研究结果显示,城口县发展城镇文化总体上具有资源丰富的优势和空间受限等局限,国内政策、地方发展机遇等略大于区域竞争的挑战,且个别挑战和局限可以转化为发展机遇和优势。因此,以文化建设带动西南山区小城镇新型城镇化发展的思路具有一定可行性,但要结合小城市当地实际,打造有特色的文化空间格局和构建地方文化体系。     

长途乘客出行行为分析——以天津为例

随着城市社会经济的快速发展,公路主枢纽规划所面临的形势发生了重要变化,规划的理念也需要更新,因此许多主枢纽城市已经完成或正在进行公路主枢纽规划修编工作.