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151.
Gullickson A 《AJS; American journal of sociology》2010,116(1):187-231
This article examines variation in the social position of mixed-race populations by exploiting county-level variation in the degree of occupational differentiation between blacks and mulattoes in the 1880 U.S. census. The role of the mixed-race category as either a "buffer class" or a status threat depended on the class composition of whites. Black/mulatto occupational differentiation was greatest where whites had high occupational prestige and thus little to fear from a mulatto group. Furthermore, differentiation increased the risk of lynching where whites had relatively low status and decreased the risk of lynching where whites had relatively high status. 相似文献
152.
Social information processing has emerged as an important construct in understanding children's interpersonal functioning. This article reviews (a) the theoretical models guiding research, (b) the development of normative and atypical social problem solving, and (c) the connection between social information processing and individual differences in functioning. Finally, this review ends with a summary of efficacy of programs aimed at preventing social information processing biases or intervening with youth who display dysfunctional social information processing skills. 相似文献
153.
Aaron Metzger Lauren Alvis Katelyn F. Romm Laura Wray‐Lake Amy K. Syvertsen 《Journal of research on adolescence》2020,30(1):314-330
The current study explored youths’ views of President Donald Trump using quantitative ratings and open‐ended responses from a diverse sample of 1,432 U.S. adolescents from three geographic regions. Adolescent demographic characteristics (i.e., gender, race, geographic location) were systematically associated with their views about Trump. Open‐ended responses demonstrated substantial variability in youths’ rationales for approving or disapproving of the president. Adolescents' attitudes were informed by knowledge of the president’s leadership attributes, political views and policies, and their own experiences. Findings indicate that adolescents draw upon and synthesize a broad range of information when formulating their political views and coordinate this knowledge with their own opinions and experiences when evaluating political figures. 相似文献
154.
Aaron Albert 《Review of Economics of the Household》2018,16(4):1063-1083
Longitudinal analysis using samples from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics suggests that men’s income and wages decrease after entering into single fatherhood by marital separation. This loss exceeds what can be explained by marital separation alone. Using a difference in difference approach, I estimate that single fatherhood suppresses men’s annual income by more than $8,000 per year, putting these men and their children at increased economic risk. Similar labor market changes are experienced by widower fathers, a subset of exogenous single fathers. The apparent effects show persistence after single fathers remarry, but mostly diminish after children mature and leave the household. These results stand at odds with previous research suggesting that fatherhood increases men’s wages and hours, and that male labor market outcomes are not significantly influenced by housework. 相似文献
155.
Thomas McAndrew Bjorn Redfors Aaron Crowley Yiran Zhang Shmuel Chen Mordechai Golomb 《Journal of applied statistics》2019,46(10):1903-1916
Combining patient-level data from clinical trials can connect rare phenomena with clinical endpoints, but statistical techniques applied to a single trial may become problematical when trials are pooled. Estimating the hazard of a binary variable unevenly distributed across trials showcases a common pooled database issue. We studied how an unevenly distributed binary variable can compromise the integrity of fixed and random effects Cox proportional hazards (cph) models. We compared fixed effect and random effects cph models on a set of simulated datasets inspired by a 17-trial pooled database of patients presenting with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-STEMI undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. An unevenly distributed covariate can bias hazard ratio estimates, inflate standard errors, raise type I error, and reduce power. While uneveness causes problems for all cph models, random effects suffer least. Compared to fixed effect models, random effects suffer lower bias and trade inflated type I errors for improved power. Contrasting hazard rates between trials prevent accurate estimates from both fixed and random effects models. 相似文献
156.
157.
In a large-scale field study of marathon runners, we test whether goals act as reference points in shaping the valuation of outcomes. Theories of reference-dependent preferences, such as Prospect Theory, imply that outcomes that are just below or just above a reference point are evaluated differently. Consistent with the Prospect Theory value function, we find that satisfaction as a function of relative performance (the difference between a runner’s finishing time goal and her actual finishing time) exhibits loss aversion and diminishing sensitivity in both predictions of and actual experienced satisfaction. However, in contrast to Prospect Theory, we observe that loss aversion is partially driven by a discontinuity or jump at the reference point. In addition, we find that a runner’s time goal as well as their previous marathon times simultaneously impact runner satisfaction, providing support for the impact of multiple reference points on satisfaction. 相似文献
158.
Recurrent events are commonly encountered in the natural sciences, engineering, and medicine. The theory of renewal and regenerative
processes provides an elegant mathematical foundation for idealized recurrent event processes. In real-world applications,
however, the contexts tend to be complicated by a variety of practical intricacies, including observation schemes with different
phase and data structures. This paper formulates a recurrent event process as a succession of independent and identically
distributed first hitting times for a Wiener sample path as it passes through successive equally-spaced levels. We develop
exact mathematical results for statistical inferences based on several observation schemes that include observation initiated
at a renewal point, observation of a stationary process over a finite window, and other variants. We also consider inferences
drawn from different data structures, including gap times between renewal points (or fragments thereof) and counts of renewal
events occurring within an observation window. We explore the precision of estimates using simulated scenarios and develop
empirical regression functions for planning the sample size of a recurrent event study. We demonstrate our results using data
from a clinical trial for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in which the recurrent events are successive exacerbations
of the condition. The case study demonstrates how covariates can be incorporated into the analysis using threshold regression. 相似文献
159.
Leanne K. Knobloch Erin D. Basinger Erin C. Wehrman Aaron T. Ebata Patricia C. McGlaughlin 《Journal of Family Communication》2016,16(2):160-179
The emotional cycle of deployment model proposes that military couples face both obstacles and opportunities across the trajectory of deployment. Guided by the model, we seek to address gaps in the literature by investigating how 236 recently reunited service members and at-home partners (N = 118 couples) describe their experiences during deployment and reunion. Results of content analyses revealed a variety of changes to communication during deployment (RQ1), challenges of reunion (RQ2), benefits of deployment (RQ3), and advice for reintegration (RQ4). These findings bolster and extend the emotional cycle of deployment model; they also have practical utility for helping military couples navigate deployment and reunion. 相似文献
160.
Matthew R. Chester Morgan T. Sinnard Aaron B. Rochlen Miranda M. Nadeau Michael J. Balsan Markus M. Provence 《Journal of gay & lesbian social services》2016,28(4):317-335
The current study employed qualitative methodology to investigate the experiences of 12 gay men who came out online, using Facebook. Analysis of coding data yielded several key themes. First, gay men discussed a range of experiences that influenced their online disclosure, including homophobia, internalized homophobia, and previous salient sexual identity disclosures. Participants also commonly expressed a variety of goals and concerns about coming out online, including improving relationships and loss of friends, respectively. Finally, gay men identified several benefits to coming out on Facebook, including increased efficiency in coming out as compared to face-to-face disclosures, increased authenticity, and decreased ambiguity about their sexuality. Results are discussed within the context of literature on men's coming-out experiences and online identity management. 相似文献