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51.
Work in organizations requires a minimum level of consensus on the understanding of the practices performed. To adopt technological devices to support the activities in environments where work is complex, characterized by the interdependence among a large number of variables, understanding about how work is done not only takes an even greater importance, but also becomes a more difficult task. Therefore, this study aims to present a method for modeling of work in complex systems, which allows improving the knowledge about the way activities are performed where these activities do not simply happen by performing procedures. Uniting techniques of Cognitive Task Analysis with the concept of Work Process, this work seeks to provide a method capable of providing a detailed and accurate vision of how people perform their tasks, in order to apply information systems for supporting work in organizations. 相似文献
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53.
In this article we examine what affects the board of directors’ involvement in the advice to management, with emphasis on
the influence of crises on the board advisory tasks performance. Based on a survey of 881 small Norwegian firms, we analyse
responses from CEOs in order to determine whether and to what extent the board is actively involved in the governance process
during crises through providing advice. The study has two major contributions to board research in general and research of
into small firms in particular. The first is the go beyond the “usual suspects” of board size, CEO duality, and board independence
when looking for determinants of board involvement in advice. The second contribution is a clearer understanding of board
involvement during crises. Our results show that board member diversity becomes particularly important during crises, since
this provides the CEO and firm access to a more diverse pool of competences and experiences. We also find that crises moderate
the effects of incentive on the board’s involvement in advice. This evidence sheds new light on the determinants of directors’
involvement in board tasks, suggesting that directors’ incentive to perform certain board tasks vary according to the contingent
situation the firm is experiencing. 相似文献
54.
55.
Romina Fraboni Alessandro Rosina Sante Orsini Barbara Baldazzi 《Statistical Methods and Applications》2005,14(2):283-295
Although still modest, non response rates in multipurpose household surveys have recently increased, especially in some metropolitan
areas. Previous analyses have shown that refusal risk depends on the interviewers' characteristics. The aim of this paper
is to explain the difference in refusal risk among metropolitan areas by analysing the strategies adopted in the recruitment
of interviewers through a multilevel approach. The Annual Survey on Living conditions is a PAPI survey of the "Multipurpose"
integrated system of social surveys and it represents our data base. For non responding household, data on non response by
reason, municipality and characteristics of the interviewer are available. The results highlight that those cities recruiting
interviewers mainly among young students have a higher refusal risk. These results are particularly important as they indicate
that recruitment strategies may have a substantial impact on non sampling errors.
Acknowledgements An earlier version of this article was presented at the International Conference on Improving Survey, University of Copenhagen,
Denmark, August 25-28, 2002. We would like to thank the participants to the presentation for their useful comments and suggestions.
Opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of any of the institutions
they work for. 相似文献
56.
Using data on supplier relationships among 106organizations involved in the production of means oftransportation located in southern Italy, I exploresome of the consequences of the progressive erosion ofboundaries around corporate actors in modernorganizational economies. The paper is built aroundthe claim that – as companies are forced by variouslearning imperatives to rely more on other companies– interorganizational differences are sustained andreproduced by role structures emerging from theconcatenation of different types of relationshipsacross multiple networks. The analysis illuminatesselected implications of network relations for thestructuring of market relations in interorganizationalfields. 相似文献
57.
We propose a mixture model that combines a discrete-time survival model for analyzing the correlated times between recurrent
events, e.g. births, with a logistic regression model for the probability of never experiencing the event of interest, i.e.,
being a long-term survivor. The proposed survival model incorporates both observed and unobserved heterogeneity in the probability
of experiencing the event of interest. We use Gibbs sampling for the fitting of such mixture models, which leads to a computationally
intensive solution to the problem of fitting survival models for multiple event time data with long-term survivors. We illustrate
our Bayesian approach through an analysis of Hutterite birth histories. 相似文献
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59.
Luca Andrighetto Cristina Baldissarri Alessandro Gabbiadini Alessandra Sacino Roberta Rosa Valtorta Chiara Volpato 《Social Influence》2018,13(2):78-90
The present work explores whether self-objectification triggered by doing peculiar work activities would increase people’s conforming behavior. We conducted an experimental study in which participants (N = 140) were asked to perform a high objectifying activity (vs. low objectifying activity vs. baseline condition) simulating a real computer job. Afterwards, their levels of self-objectification and conforming behavior were assessed. Results revealed that participants who performed the high objectifying activity self-objectified (i.e., perceived themselves as lacking human mental states) more than the other conditions and, in turn, conformed more to the judgments of unknown similar others. Crucially, increased self-objectification mediated the effects of the high objectifying activity on enhancing conforming behavior. Theoretical and applied implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
60.
Emilia Sand Janina Konarska Alessandro W Howe Yvonne Andersson-Sköld Filip Moldan Håkan Pleijel Johan Uddling 《Urban Ecosystems》2018,21(4):691-696
Street trees are an important part of urban vegetation due to their provisioning of different types of ecosystem services such as local climate regulation and contribution to aesthetical and recreational values. In order to provide these services, urban trees need to endure many stress factors not present in natural environments, such as the widespread use of impervious surfaces in the vicinity of street trees. However, few studies have evaluated the effect of this potential stress factor on urban tree growth. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate how ground surface permeability affects stem and current-year shoot growth of linden (Tilia europaea) street trees in Gothenburg, Sweden. We found that a small fraction of permeable ground surface in the vertically projected tree crown area caused lower stem growth and strongly suppressed current-year shoot growth. This finding can guide future city planning, demonstrating that the vitality of street trees is compromised when the permeable surface area in the vicinity of the tree is small. 相似文献