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991.
Social workers are becoming increasingly aware of the unique experiences faced by children of incarcerated parents. Little
is known, however, about their experiences prior to their parents being incarcerated. Using data from a broader study of incarcerated
women, we examined women’s accounts of their children’s exposure to violence prior to maternal incarceration. Open-ended interviews
addressed family and relationship history, physical and psychological victimization, lifetime delinquency and crime, and interactions
with service and justice systems. Interviews were analyzed using ATLAS/ti software and a grounded-theory approach. The emergent
themes revealed a myriad of consequences experienced by the children, including child witnessing of violence, emotional sequelae,
bodily harm from abuse and neglect, sexual abuse, and birth defects from prenatal violence. Implications for research and
practice are discussed. 相似文献
992.
On locally optimal invariant unbiased tests for the variance components ratio in mixed linear models
Andrzej Michalski 《Statistical Papers》2009,50(4):855-868
In the paper the problem of testing of two-sided hypotheses for variance components in mixed linear models is considered.
When the uniformly most powerful invariant test does not exist (see e.g. Das and Sinha, in Proceedings of the second international
Tampere conference in statistics, 1987; Gnot and Michalski, in Statistics 25:213–223, 1994; Michalski and Zmyślony, in Statistics
27:297–310, 1996) then to conduct the optimal statistical inference on model parameters a construction of a test with locally
best properties is desirable, cf. Michalski (in Tatra Mountains Mathematical Publications 26:1–21, 2003). The main goal of
this article is the construction of the locally best invariant unbiased test for a single variance component (or for a ratio
of variance components). The result has been obtained utilizing Andersson’s and Wijsman’s approach connected with a representation
of density function of maximal invariant (Andersson, in Ann Stat 10:955–961, 1982; Wijsman, in Proceedings of fifth Berk Symp
Math Statist Prob 1:389–400, 1967; Wijsman, in Sankhyā A 48:1–42, 1986; Khuri et al., in Statistical tests for mixed linear models, 1998) and from generalized Neyman–Pearson Lemma
(Dantzig and Wald, in Ann Math Stat 22:87–93, 1951; Rao, in Linear statistical inference and its applications, 1973). One
selected real example of an unbalanced mixed linear model is given, for which the power functions of the LBIU test and Wald’s
test (the F-test in ANOVA model) are computed, and compared with the attainable upper bound of power obtained by using Neyman–Pearson
Lemma. 相似文献
993.
Theodore J. Noseworthy Karen Finlay 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2009,25(3):331-342
This research examined the effects of a casino’s auditory character on estimates of elapsed time while gambling. More specifically,
this study varied whether the sound heard while gambling was ambient casino sound alone or ambient casino sound accompanied
by music. The tempo and volume of both the music and ambient sound were varied to manipulate temporal engagement and introspection.
One hundred and sixty (males = 91) individuals played slot machines in groups of 5–8, after which they provided estimates
of elapsed time. The findings showed that the typical ambient casino auditive environment, which characterizes the majority
of gaming venues, promotes understated estimates of elapsed duration of play. In contrast, when music is introduced into the
ambient casino environment, it appears to provide a cue of interval from which players can more accurately reconstruct elapsed
duration of play. This is particularly the case when the tempo of the music is slow and the volume is high. Moreover, the
confidence with which time estimates are held (as reflected by latency of response) is higher in an auditive environment with
music than in an environment that is comprised of ambient casino sounds alone. Implications for casino management are discussed. 相似文献
994.
995.
This study aims at ascertaining how Hong Kong people perceive Hong Kong as a harmonious society. It also identifies the elements
that are most conducive to social harmony in Hong Kong, so that the government could take reference when formulating new policies.
1,062 adults residents were asked to rate their perceived level of social harmony and their satisfaction with 36 items (divided
into three dimensions: public governance, society, and economy, family and work) for which the research team believes would
be influencing the perceived level of social harmony. Results show that the average rating of social harmony was 5.57 (out
of 10), delineating a moderate level of social harmony. Subsequent multivariate factor analysis and regression analysis show
that the four extracted factors (from the three dimensions) had significant impacts on the level of social harmony. These
were, in order of significance: (a) public governance, (b) social solidarity and respect, (c) economy/family/work and, (d)
social tolerance and progressiveness. According to the factor loadings of each significant factor, we identified four core
values which we hope the government would consider when formulating new policies, as follows: (1) A Justice Government with
Sincerity on Communication, (2) Mutual Support and Respect with Integrity and Dedication, (3) Dedication to One’s Job and
Community by Helping the Needed and, (4) Creativity and Progressiveness with Tolerance. Implications for policy making are
discussed.
The study was conducted under the direction and guidance of the Fostering Social Harmony Task Force of the Hong Kong Professionals
and Senior Executives Association (HKPASEA). The authors acknowledge the kind support and assistance provided by the Council
Members of HKPASEA and staff members of the Centre for Corporate Governance and Financial Policy at Hong Kong Baptist University.
We are also grateful to Prof. Alex Michalos and Prof. P. K. Ip for their comments and suggestions given at the International
Conference on National Well-Being held in November 2006 at the National Central University, Taiwan. 相似文献
996.
997.
Vincent Anesi 《Social Choice and Welfare》2009,32(2):197-219
Most political and economic theorists point to moral hazard in teams as the main obstacle to lobbies’ collective action. In
this paper, we address this important issue with a coalition-formation game. In the process of doing so, we characterize equilibrium
lobby structures both in the absence and in the presence of moral hazard. Three notable results emerge from such an exercise:
(1) an equilibrium lobby structure exists under both specifications of the model, (2) moral hazard in teams may raise large
groups’ equilibrium lobby size, and (3) it may also raise the level of collective action of large groups with low organizational
costs.
I wish to express my appreciation to Helmuth Cremer, Philippe De Donder, Kai A. Konrad, Michel Le Breton, Daniel Seidmann,
Shlomo Weber, an associate editor of this journal and a referee for valuable comments and suggestions. I am also grateful
to Paul Belleflamme, Francis Bloch, Robert Dur, Joan Esteban, Debraj Ray, and the audience at the CESifo Area Conference on
Public Sector Economics 2006 and at the 15th Aix-Marseille SSIEIO for helpful discussions. 相似文献
998.
999.
Quality of life (QOL) has become an important component of health. By using the methodology of psychometric theory, we examine
the item properties of the WHOQOL-BRIEF. Samejima’s graded response model with natural metrics of the logistic response function
was fitted. The results showed items with negative natures were less discriminating. Items written in a specific way were
more suitable to assess certain subgroups. The national items showed variation in discriminatory power. Questions measuring
objective and specific issues performed worse than items assessing general aspects of the QOL. 相似文献
1000.
In this article, we analyze mortality rates of Finns born in areas that were ceded to the Soviet Union after World War II
and from which the entire population was evacuated. These internally displaced persons are observed during the period 1971-2004
and compared with people born in the same region but on the adjacent side of the new border. We find that in the 1970s and
1980s, the forced migrants had mortality rates that were on par with those of people in the comparison group. In the late
1980s, the mortality risk of internally displaced men increased by 20% in relation to the expected time trend. This deviation,
which manifests particularly in cardiovascular mortality, coincides with perestroika and the demise of the Soviet Union, which
were events that resulted in an intense debate in civil society about restitution of the ceded areas. Because state actors
were reluctant to engage, the debate declined after some few years, and after the mid-1990s, the death risk again approached
the long-term trend. Our findings indicate that when internally displaced persons must adjust to situations for which appropriate
coping behaviors are unknown, psychosocial stress might arise several decades after their evacuation. 相似文献