Child Labor Supply on US Family Farms: An Interdisciplinary Conceptualization

The conceptual model developed in this paper presents a unique way of understanding child labor on US family farms. It incorporates non-economic factors into an economic framework creating models that are different from the standard economic approaches to adult labor supply and/or child labor in developing countries. The paper argues for the importance of a balance between economic factors and non-economic factors such as social development, health and safety risks, and education in understanding child labor supply.This research is part of the first authors dissertation research. The research was supported by a Hatch grant to the second author from the College of Agricultural and Life Sciences at the Univerrsity of Wisconsin-Madison. Gratitude is expressed by the second author to the Helen Riaboff Whiteley Center at the Univerrsity of Washington Friday Harbor Marine Lab for facilitating the completion of this article. Authorship is jointly shared.     

The Experience of Nurses Working with Hospitalized AIDS Patients

Twenty nurses were interviewed about their experiences of caring exclusively for AIDS patients. A qualitative analysis of the data revealed that group identity, social support, social stigma, identification with patients, and burnout were important to the experience. The process of identification with patients was a significant source of distress which affected the male homosexual staff more than other staff. Yet working in the AIDS unit also had its rewards with some male homosexual staff expressing relief at not having to conceal their sexuality. Nurses' experiences in the AIDS unit were somewhat differentiated by their ability to identify with the male homosexual group. Those who identified strongly with the group were more at risk of over-identification with patients yet seemed likely to receive recognition and support from colleagues. Many staff suffered due to the stigma attached to caring for AIDS patients and often reported not telling people where they worked. A significant number of staff are said to have already left the unit due to AIDS burnout.     

Rights and controls in the management of migration: the case of Germany

In May 1999 Germany took a significant step away from its reliance on blood based belonging, revising its nationality law to introduce an element of territory ( jus soli ) in the designation of citizenship. This paper offers Germany as a case study in the management of migration through a hierarchical system for the granting of rights, and considers the likely impact of the new law on the legal structures of inclusion and exclusion. It is argued that alongside the enhanced recognition of the original guestworker population a set of contradictory pressures now dominate the politics of migration – the recognition of human rights, the management of the labour market and the protection of welfare resources. These pressures are mediated by the granting and withholding of rights as part of a system of selection, surveillance, deterrence and control which has broader implications for our thinking about citizenship.     

A Model of Consumers' Risk Perceptions Toward Recombinant Bovine Growth Hormone (rbGH): The Impact of Risk Characteristics

This study estimates the effect risk characteristics, described as outrage factors by Hadden, have on consumers' risk perceptions toward the food-related biotechnology, recombinant bovine growth hormone (rbGH). The outrage factors applicable to milk from rbGH treated herds are involuntary risk exposure, unfamiliarity with the product's production process, unnatural product characteristics, lack of trust in regulator's ability to protect consumers in the marketplace, and consumers' inability to distinguish milk from rbGH treated herds compared to milk from untreated herds. An empirical analysis of data from a national survey of household food shoppers reveals that outrage factors mediate risk perceptions. The results support the inclusion of outrage factors into the risk perception model for the rbGH product, as they add significantly to the explanatory power of the model and therefore reduce bias compared to a simpler model of attitudinal and demographic factors. The study indicates that outrage factors which have a significant impact on risk perceptions are the lack of trust in the FDA as a food-related information source, and perceiving no consumer benefits from farmers' use of rbGH. Communication strategies to reduce consumer risk perceptions therefore could utilize agencies perceived as more trustworthy and emphasize the benefits of rbGH use to consumers.     

The role of student–teacher relationships in the association between negative parenting practices and emotion dynamics – Combining longitudinal and ecological momentary assessment data

Emotion dysregulation is increasingly implicated as a transdiagnostic risk factor in the etiology of mental health problems. This project aimed to explore the links between emotion regulation, negative parenting and student–teacher relationships using longitudinal and ecologically valid data. A sample of n = 209 young people enrolled in the ‘Decades-to-Minutes’ (D2M) study, based in Zurich, Switzerland, provided data from the ages of 7–20 via parent- and self-report questionnaires and ecological momentary assessment. Data were analyzed using Dynamic Structural Equation Modeling (DSEM). Worse student–teacher relationships predicted increased negative affectivity and emotional lability. Negative parenting practices predicted emotional lability only via their impact on student–teacher relationships. The findings point to worse student–teacher relationships as risk factors in the socioemotional development of children and young people.