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51.
A single latent variable model of health status and therapeutic health care utilization is estimated for parents and own children
of 6,557 US households. The equation system that identifies latent health status simultaneously determines a number of indicators
of general health, including presence of morbidity symptoms, mobility limitations, medication needs, and utilization of therapeutic
health care services. The main goal of the paper was to obtain an unbiased estimate of parents’ marginal substitution rate
between own and child health. Results indicate that parents’ valuation of their children’s health exceeds their valuation
of own health by almost twofold on average.
相似文献
Thomas D. CrockerEmail: |
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Two habituation experiments were conducted to investigate how 4‐month‐old infants perceive partly occluded shapes. In the first experiment, we presented a simple, partly occluded shape to the infants until habituation was reached. Then we showed either a probable completion (one that would be predicted on the basis of both local and global cues) or an improbable completion. Longer looking times were found for the improbably completed shape (compared to probable and control conditions), suggesting that the probable shape was perceived during partial occlusion. In the second experiment, infants were habituated to more ambiguous partly occluded shapes, where local and global cues would result in different completions. For adults, the percept of these shapes is usually dominated by global influences. However, after habituation the infants looked longer at the globally completed shapes. These results suggest that by the age of 4 months, infants are able to infer the perceptual completion of partly occluded shapes, but for more ambiguous shapes, this completion seems to be dominated by local influences. 相似文献
54.
Gabriela Beganu 《Statistical Methods and Applications》2007,16(3):347-356
It is known that the Henderson Method III (Biometrics 9:226–252, 1953) is of special interest for the mixed linear models
because the estimators of the variance components are unaffected by the parameters of the fixed factor (or factors). This
article deals with generalizations and minor extensions of the results obtained for the univariate linear models. A MANOVA
mixed model is presented in a convenient form and the covariance components estimators are given on finite dimensional linear
spaces. The results use both the usual parametric representations and the coordinate-free approach of Kruskal (Ann Math Statist
39:70–75, 1968) and Eaton (Ann Math Statist 41:528–538, 1970). The normal equations are generalized and it is given a necessary
and sufficient condition for the existence of quadratic unbiased estimators for covariance components in the considered model. 相似文献
55.
Marc Kennedy Clive Anderson Anthony O'Hagan Mark Lomas Ian Woodward John Paul Gosling Andreas Heinemeyer 《Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A, (Statistics in Society)》2008,171(1):109-135
Summary. A crucial issue in the current global warming debate is the effect of vegetation and soils on carbon dioxide (CO2 ) concentrations in the atmosphere. Vegetation can extract CO2 through photosynthesis, but respiration, decay of soil organic matter and disturbance effects such as fire return it to the atmosphere. The balance of these processes is the net carbon flux. To estimate the biospheric carbon flux for England and Wales, we address the statistical problem of inference for the sum of multiple outputs from a complex deterministic computer code whose input parameters are uncertain. The code is a process model which simulates the carbon dynamics of vegetation and soils, including the amount of carbon that is stored as a result of photosynthesis and the amount that is returned to the atmosphere through respiration. The aggregation of outputs corresponding to multiple sites and types of vegetation in a region gives an estimate of the total carbon flux for that region over a period of time. Expert prior opinions are elicited for marginal uncertainty about the relevant input parameters and for correlations of inputs between sites. A Gaussian process model is used to build emulators of the multiple code outputs and Bayesian uncertainty analysis is then used to propagate uncertainty in the input parameters through to uncertainty on the aggregated output. Numerical results are presented for England and Wales in the year 2000. It is estimated that vegetation and soils in England and Wales constituted a net sink of 7.55 Mt C (1 Mt C = 1012 g of carbon) in 2000, with standard deviation 0.56 Mt C resulting from the sources of uncertainty that are considered. 相似文献
56.
Thomas Binder 《Gruppendynamik und Organisationsberatung》2007,38(3):257-272
Many organizational change projects fail — despite a well thought out concept, professional project management and a binding implementation timetable. The reason why the expected success doesn’t materialize often lies with the missing maintenance. Once the project is officially completed and the client and project manager withdraw, the manner in which the organization will take up these changes is seldom systematically dealt with. Difficulties often arise when no discrete stabilizing measures are planned. We have derived four central action areas which will be clarified by way of practical examples. It will also be shown what is important to pay attention to in the stabilization phase so that a lasting success of the organizational change project can be ensured. 相似文献
57.
The 1998 Korean Survey of Family Income and Expenditures was used to examine the overall consumption and saving behavior of Korean baby boomers and compared the differences in consumption and saving behavior between older and younger boomers. The t -test results indicated that the younger boomers allocated a significantly higher percentage of their expenditures on food away from home, household appliances, transportation and communication than did the older boomers, whereas the older boomers spent higher amounts and allocated larger budget shares on their children's education than did the younger boomers. The results of Ordinary Least-Squares (OLS) regression analysis showed that, holding other factors constant, older boomers not only spent significantly more in the total consumption expenditures and education expenditures, but older boomers also saved significantly less than did younger boomers. 相似文献
58.
We examine the labor-cost savings associated with privatization by comparing earnings and employment trends of public and
private sector refuse workers. Findings suggest that high union earnings for workers in the public sector are a source of
labor-cost savings in the refuse industry. Evidence on job changers does not indicate that earnings for this group of workers
are a compensating differential. Metropolitan area employment findings suggest that municipalities are less likely to use
union refuse workers in the public sector when a relatively small percentage of area residents belong to a union.
The authors thank Jacqueline Agesa, Keith Bender, Maria Crawford, and Richard Perlman for valuable suggestions. Research assistance
from Eric Blackburn is greatly appreciated. 相似文献
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