藏、汉学生数学学习元认知差异的研究

识别藏、汉学生数学学习元认知差异对于改进藏族学生数学学习有良好的促进作用。通过对藏、汉高中生的调查与研究表明,藏、汉高中生在元认知知识、元认知监控和元认知体验有显著差异,汉族高中生数学元认知监控、元认知知识高于藏族学生,藏族高中生数学元认知体验高于汉族学生;藏、汉高中生数学元认知水平与数学学习成绩成正相关。     

《当代中国的“显学”》评述

《当代中国的"显学"》一书系侯且岸先生多年在史学园地辛勤耕耘的结晶,充分体现了作者的学术思想和独立品格。该书主要有三个方面的特点:一是重视对现实性比较强的问题的研究;二是重视历史人物思想的研究;三是重视学术史和学术方法论的研究。当然,该书也不可避免地存在一些疏漏,在体例与编排方面也仍有可改进之处,然瑕不掩瑜。     

戈德尔的市场自由道德理论评介

戴卫·戈德尔是继罗尔斯之后 ,对契约主义思想影响最大 ,同时也带来了最多争议的思想家之一。他从塑造理想市场的需要出发界说人的道德与理性 ,认为二者同市场的运行原则———有限制最大化是和谐一致的。道德与理性的一致性假设虽然能够有效解决市场分析中的市场失灵问题 ,但是 ,这一假设本身依赖于一个理想市场的优先存在。两个假设的相互依赖最终使得戈德尔的道德学说陷入了解释学的循环     

藏族棋文化的见证——关于在强巴敏久林宫遗址发现的藏族石刻棋盘的学术报告

文章是作者赴墨竹工卡县甲玛乡吐蕃赞普松赞干布出生地强巴敏久林宫遗址,对亲眼所见的藏族石刻棋盘进行调查研究的一篇报告文章。作者通过对藏棋的名称、规则、判定输赢的方法等作的介绍,以及对这块石刻棋盘和有关的藏族历史所作的研究,认为早在佛教传入西藏之前,藏围棋已在藏区广泛流传,是藏区喜闻乐见的一种娱乐活动,并且传播到中国西藏周边国家和地区,具有鲜明的藏民族特点。最后,作者呼吁学者加强对藏棋的研究,并殷切希望各级文物管理部门,加强对珍贵文物的保护,以免这些珍贵文物被倒卖和毁坏。     

Substance use and other factors associated with child welfare case duration: Looking beyond out of home care

Little is known about factors associated with child welfare case duration. Understanding factors associated with case duration may help stakeholders make more informed decisions about funding and service allocation and improve compliance with federal law. This study had two research questions: (1) What factors are associated with child welfare case duration? And (2) Do factors differ depending on whether children were placed exclusively with parents or with others (e.g. relatives and foster care) during the case? The study sample consisted of families (N = 874) with co-occurring child maltreatment and substance use in one midwestern state in the United States between 2007 and 2016. Linear regression models were used to identify correlates of case duration while controlling for child placement status. Overall, having a child under 1 year of age, benzodiazepine use, methamphetamine use and injection drug use were all associated with longer case duration, whereas marijuana use with no other substance use was associated with shorter case duration. Additionally, factors associated with case duration differed based on child placement status during the case. These findings suggest important heterogeneity in families involved with child welfare services and may allow for proactive mitigation of cases at greater risk.     

从解构主义翻译思潮反观传统译学研究的得失

目前我国翻译界正处于解构主义多元化研究阶段,随着对解构主义翻译观的了解,其观点的极端和荒谬也进一步显露出来,尽管如此,解构主义翻译观仍然给我们的研究带来新的视野,令我们反思国内译学研究停滞的客观因素,为今后译学研究的发展做出积极尝试。通过对比,我们会发现传统翻译理论的全面与成熟,更加适合汉外的翻译研究。     

Brief Screening and Intervention for Alcohol and Drug Use in a College Student Health Clinic: Feasibility,Implementation, and Outcomes

Abstract

Objective: Evaluation of the Brief Alcohol Screen and Intervention in College Students (BASICS) in a university primary care setting. Participants/Methods: Undergraduates (N = 449) participated in BASICS and electronic surveys assessing frequency/quantity of alcohol and drug use, psychosocial and mental health outcomes, and demographic information. Data were collected at baseline and 6-month follow-up between August 2006 and August 2008. Results: Drinking and drug use decreased between baseline and 6 months. Participants reported an increase in protective factors and in readiness to change alcohol-related behaviors, and a decrease in alcohol-related consequences and in distress symptoms. Heavy episodic drinking at baseline significantly moderated the changes in number of drinks in a typical week and in a typical weekend, and number of drinks on the occasion drank most on a weekend. Conclusions: BASICS can be implemented in a primary health care setting and university students may reduce their alcohol and/or drug use.     

Fitness Profiles and Activity Patterns of Entering College Students

Abstract

Fitness levels of American youth have shown a marked decline in the last decade, according to recent studies. To determine whether such a tendency persists for entering college students, the authors evaluated 115 male and 143 female students for performance on the following fitness-related variables: (1) maximal oxygen consumption (estimated from Astrand cycling protocol), (2) body composition (skin-fold techniques), (3) muscle endurance (sit-up protocol), (4) muscle strength (bench-press protocol), and (5) joint flexibility (upper and lower body protocols).

Although neither men nor women exhibited high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness, the women in the study showed higher relative levels than their male counterparts. Both groups showed excellent levels of muscle strength (compared with normative standards), but they achieved only an average standard for muscle endurance. Findings of relatively low levels of cardiovascular fitness compared with levels of muscle strength, particularly in men, seem to be a reflection of an inappropriate concentration of physical activity.     

Self-reported Barriers to Professional Help Seeking Among College Students at Elevated Risk for Suicide

Abstract

Objectives: This study sought to describe self-reported barriers to professional help seeking among college students who are at elevated suicide risk and determine if these barriers vary by demographic and clinical characteristics. Participants: Participants were 165 non–treatment seekers recruited as part of a Web-based treatment linkage intervention for college students at elevated suicide risk (from September 2010 through December 2011). Methods: Data were collected using Web-based questionnaires. Two coders coded students’ responses to an open-ended question about reasons for not seeking professional help. Results: The most commonly reported barriers included perception that treatment is not needed (66%), lack of time (26.8%), and preference for self-management (18%). Stigma was mentioned by only 12% of students. There were notable differences based on gender, race, and severity of depression and alcohol abuse. Conclusions: Efforts aimed at reaching students at elevated risk for suicidal behavior should be particularly sensitive to these commonly described barriers.