Foreign Direct Investment,Services Trade Negotiations and Development: The Case of Tourism in the Caribbean

This article examines whether and how developing countries can use services trade negotiations to increase the amount of inward FDI conducive to development. It reviews how services trade rules can affect inward FDI, and employs panel data analysis with innovative use of instrumental variables in the tourism sectors of 9 Caribbean countries during 1997–2003. It argues that Caribbean countries may want to signal openness to inward FDI in GATS, while maintaining a degree of flexibility in the use of policy measures; in the current negotiations with the EU on Economic Partnership Agreements, the focus could be on emphasising the development dimension.     

Validity and Reliability of Subjective Social Indicators: The effect of different measures of association

In an international research project, a meta analysis of multitrait-multimethod matrices was used to evaluate the effects of characteristics of survey measurement instruments on the quality of survey data. The analyses in this project were done on the basis of polychoric/polyserial correlations. The result of such a study can be used to correct for measurement errors if the correlation in the substantive study is also a polychoric/polyserial correlation. It is, however, doubtful if these quality estimates of survey measurement instruments are appropriate for studies based on the most frequently used Pearson correlations. In this paper, the general approach will be discussed first. After that, the results with respect to validity and reliability estimates, obtained using two different measures of association, will be compared: the polychoric/polyserial correlations and the Pearson correlations. This study suggests that the differences between estimates of the reliability for scales with different numbers of categories are quite large, while all other effects remain approximately the same. The reasons for the differences will also be given. All the results are based on experiments containing questions with respect to satisfaction with life and aspects of life. Thus the study provides estimates of validity and reliability on measures of satisfaction with life and aspects of life which can be used in practice for the prediction and optimization of data quality and for correction of the data with regard to measurement error.     

Knowledge Sharing in Public Sector Organizations: The Effect of Organizational Characteristics on Interdepartmental Knowledge Sharing

Public sector organizations are mainly knowledge-intensive organizations,and to exploit their knowledge, effective knowledge sharingamong the different departments is required. We focus on specificcharacteristics of public sector organizations that increaseor limit interdepartmental knowledge sharing. Three types oforganization-specific coordination mechanisms directly influenceknowledge sharing between departments. Organizations are alsocharacterized by members' social identification and trust, whichin the absence of power games are assumed to create a knowledge-sharingcontext. Data are collected by a questionnaire survey in thepublic sector. The sample consists of 358 cooperative episodesbetween departments in more than 90 different public sectororganizations. Structural equation modeling reveals the importanceof lateral coordination and trust. The combination of powergames and informal coordination seems to be remarkably beneficialfor knowledge sharing. Furthermore, compared with other publicsector organizations, government institutions have organizationalcharacteristics that are less beneficial for knowledge sharing.     

Globalization and transnational diffusion between social movements: Reconceptualizing the dissemination of the Gandhian repertoire and the “coming out” routine

Theory and Society -     

Making the Pickets Responsible: Policing Labour at a Distance in Windsor,Ontario*

Cet article étudie l'introduction, en 1987, d'une politique sur les mesures de contrôle des conflits de travail à Windsor, en Ontario. La politique met l'accent sur l'usage explicite du consensus en fondant ses stratégies sur la coercition en situation de grève. Les événe‐ments qui ont menéà la mise en place de cette politique sont liés aux politiques régionales sur les mesures de contrôle ainsi qu'aux conditions économiques et industrielles en changement représentant le déclin général des relations industrielles fondées sur le modèle de Ford. Des changements à l'intérieur des forces policières tels que la mise sur pied de la police communautaire sont aussi considérés comme des explications importantes. La politique sur les conflits de travail ainsi que les changements dans les corps policiers sont considérés comme le reflet du déclin de l'État keynésien et du mouvement vers le néolibéralisme. This paper examines the 1987 introduction of a policy for policing labour disputes in Windsor, Ontario. The policy emphasizes the explicit use of consensus‐building tactics over coercion in strike situations. Events leading to this policy are traced to the local politics of policing and to changing economic and industrial conditions representing the general decline in Fordist industrial relations. Changes within the police, such as the adoption of community policing, are also considered as important explanations. Both the labour‐dispute policy and the broader police changes are understood as reflecting the decline of the Keynesian state and the movement toward neoliberalism.     

新游戏老规则

吞噬你的市场、视资产为负债,电子商务、互联网只是大现象中的一小部分而已。 Willem Burgers教授在电子商务论坛上激情洋溢的讲演,给人以新的警示。     

Crime,citizenship and community: neoliberal communitarian images of governmentality

This article discusses the emergence, in the field of crime and safety, of a formula of government that can be called neoliberal communitarianism. This is a paradoxical governmental strategy that combines a focus on ‘individual responsibility’, ‘community’ and a ‘selectively tough state’. The discussion is based on the Foucaultian triangle of strategy, political programmes and techniques. The substance of this application consists of a discussion of recent Dutch political programmes and techniques in crime and safety policies. The discussion includes the local case of Rotterdam, a city at times regarded as a ‘policy laboratory’. Specifically, the role that notions of citizenship and community play in crime and safety policies is analysed. We hereby point at two different manifestations of responsibilization – repressive responsibilization and facilitative responsibilization – aimed at two governmentally differentiated populations. In addition, we describe how neoliberal communitarianism entails the selective exclusion of subjects imagined as ‘high risk’. Because the government of crime tells us much about the government of ‘society’, neoliberal communitarianism is a useful concept to grasp contemporary changes in government in the Netherlands and in other European countries.     

The hidden curriculum of youth care interventions—A case study

Themes such as “effectiveness” and “evidence-based practice” currently dominate debates about the professional care of children and youth. Notwithstanding the importance of these themes, this rather narrow focus may leave the values and ideals underlying youth care interventions undiscussed. In this article we will present our case study of EQUIP as an example of the role of this “hidden curriculum” in youth care interventions. Qualitative research has been conducted, consisting of content analysis of documents, interviews and observations. For the analysis an existing theory on the content and structure of values is used (Schwartz, 1992). The results show that there are distinct differences in the way moral behavior is defined in a Dutch and American “version” of EQUIP. The results also suggest that a difference in value perspective might be related to the effectiveness of the program.     

Globalisation and inequality in South Africa: modelling the labour market transmission

This paper draws on a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model to evaluate the extent and causes of income inequality in South Africa after 1994. In doing so the paper extends the CGE-modelling approach in South Africa by incorporating dynamics into the comparative static CGE model used by the Industrial Development Corporation of South Africa. The 1995 Social Accounting Matrix for South Africa prepared by DRI-WEFA SA (Pty) Ltd. (now Global Insight Southern Africa) is used as database. The results from the paper is consistent with evidence from recent household and firm-level surveys in South Africa and supports labour market reform coupled with social security as instruments to achieve more equitable outcomes from globalisation.     

Homemaking in the public. On the scales and stakes of framing,feeling, and claiming extra-domestic space as “home”

This article reviews the emerging literature on the negotiation of home-related feelings, claims, and practices in the public urban sphere, under the rubric of homemaking in the public. This contributes to a better sociological understanding of home and illuminates long-debated societal questions such as the interaction between majority and minority groups and the shifting boundaries between what is (regarded as) public or private. While home has traditionally been understood as a private and domestic matter, it also has a major public significance. As a category of analysis, it reveals how supposedly domestic attitudes, routines, and practices are scaled up into the public domain. As a category of practice, it is a powerful discursive resource for contentious politics in the extra-domestic domain. Who is entitled and legitimated to claim a public space as “home”, and what this implies for inter-group categorizations and relations, are questions that deserve original and comparative analysis in sociology. Processes of domestication of the public sphere, of mutual interaction between public and private life realms, and of claims-making on various scales can be fruitfully revisited along these lines, by advancing an original research agenda on the ways of framing, feeling and claiming public space as home.