Qualifikationsanforderungen und Schulungsansätze für Ausbildungssupervisoren im Bereich der Psychotherapie – ein Überblick

Supervision is a central domain of professional education and clinical practice. Supervisiors features for qualification as well as formal training and standards have been largely neglected. In this article, the proposals of different psychotherapeutic societies concerning the features for qualification were discussed. Additionally some training concepts were presented. Suggestions for future development in this area are addressed, including the need to refine further and operationalized competences, develop expectations for accreditation and lizensure regarding supervision competencies.     

City dwelling wild bees: how communal gardens promote species richness

Urban areas consist of wide expanses of impervious surfaces which are known to negatively affect insect biodiversity in general, but green spaces within cities have the potential to provide necessary habitat and foraging resources. Although, communal gardens were primarily intended to provide fresh, regional food to denizens, these green islands also host a surprisingly high number of wild bee species.

The gardens were characterized based on structural elements such as flower frequency, the relative percentage of lawn, trees, shrubs, planted crops and infrastructure (e.g. seating possibilities or garden houses). Further, the effects of different landscape structures surrounding the gardens and distance to the city center were analyzed on the total wild bee species richness and functional traits. Focusing on these putative influencing factors, statistical analyses calculating random decision forests along with generalized linear mixed models were applied. With 113 observed wild bee species, communal gardens provide habitat for a quarter of all known species in Vienna. In conclusion, results revealed that only elements within the gardens had an effect on species richness, with flower frequency as the major positive driver. The examined communal gardens promote and conserve wild bees independent from the location within the city or garden size. Furthermore, these green patches are important sanctuaries, hosting rare and threatened species as well as remarkably special wild bee communities.

     

Predicting the Daily Covariance Matrix for S&P 100 Stocks Using Intraday Data—But Which Frequency to Use?

This article investigates the merits of high-frequency intraday data when forming mean-variance efficient stock portfolios with daily rebalancing from the individual constituents of the S&P 100 index. We focus on the issue of determining the optimal sampling frequency as judged by the performance of these portfolios. The optimal sampling frequency ranges between 30 and 65 minutes, considerably lower than the popular five-minute frequency, which typically is motivated by the aim of striking a balance between the variance and bias in covariance matrix estimates due to market microstructure effects such as non-synchronous trading and bid-ask bounce. Bias-correction procedures, based on combining low-frequency and high-frequency covariance matrix estimates and on the addition of leads and lags do not substantially affect the optimal sampling frequency or the portfolio performance. Our findings are also robust to the presence of transaction costs and to the portfolio rebalancing frequency.     

Sticking it all together: A critical assessment of the group cohesion–performance literature

Although group cohesion is a widely studied construct in the group dynamics literature, there is a considerable lack of consistency and agreement regarding the construct. This paper reviews the current state of the cohesiveness literature. Cohesion is now generally defined as the group members' inclinations to forge social bonds, resulting in the group sticking together and remaining united. Unfortunately, the large number of definitions and measures used by researchers has created a literature that is inconsistent and confusing. This review focuses on the considerable research on the cohesion–performance relationship. The general consensus of this research is that there is a generally positive association between cohesion and performance, but the theoretical and operational mechanisms creating this association are unclear. This lack of clarity may be due to the wide range of measures and assessments of cohesion and the cohesion–performance association. Two underlying contentious issues within this aspect of the literature are whether cohesion is unidimensional or multidimensional and the appropriate level of analysis required for measuring the construct. The resolution of these inconsistencies requires researchers to take a step back toward grounding the research in broader theoretical frameworks, to determine whether the cohesion–performance association has an underlying common cause, and to use longitudinal studies that use more sophisticated analytical models.     

Simulation of Multivariate Gaussian Time Series

The paper discusses a simulation method for multivariate Gaussian time series by means of the discrete Fourier transform (Borgman, 1982). The procedure is quite general with respect to the correlation and spectral properties of the series and allows In addition simulations conditional on a subset of the time series. Simulations of the output from a set of ocean wave recorders are shown as an illustration of the method.     

Discusion

Resumen

En esta investigación se estudia la validez de una versión castellana de la escala «Environmental Concern Scale» (ECS) llevada a cabo con 716 estudiantes. Las puntuaciones obtenidas por los sujetos proambientalistas y no proambientalistas resultan significativamente diferentes. Asímismo, se estudian las relaciones entre las actitudes hacia la preocupación por el medio ambiente, la energía nuclear y la ideología política, mostrándose una relación entre ellas de diferente intensidad. Mientras la energía nuclear está fuertemente vinculada a la ideología política, no sucede en tal medida entre ésta y las actitudes conservacionistas, ya que tanto los de derechas como los de izquierdas participan de la preocupación por el medio ambiente, aunque no en la misma medida.