社会问题与公共政策的"公共性"整合

米尔斯将社会问题界定为"公众论题"而非"个人困扰"的观点已经被社会学界广泛接受,它也是社会问题"公共性"的重要根据,而公共政策的"公共性"则表现为其突出的"群体抗争"和"团体诉求"的特点。"社会问题自然史观"研究了社会问题从产生、发展到解决的过程,它将社会问题与公共政策有机地联系在一起,并在"公共性"的共同本质下实现了二者的联接和整合。     

Inference for the measurement of poverty in the presence of a stochastic weighting variable

Empirical applications of poverty measurement often have to deal with a stochastic weighting variable such as household size. Within the framework of a bivariate distribution function defined over income and weight, I derive the limiting distributions of the decomposable poverty measures and of the ordinates of stochastic dominance curves. The poverty line is allowed to depend on the income distribution. It is shown how the results can be used to test hypotheses concerning changes in poverty. The inference procedures are briefly illustrated using Belgian data. An erratum to this article can be found at     

传统农业技术在现代区域农业发展中的作用

中国传统农业技术经过与自然和社会诸多条件的长期磨合,已具备了其完善的形式.传统农业技术在现代农业发展中的作用表现在:有利于农业可持续发展;有利于特色农业的形成;有利于吸收农村劳动力;为技术创新的提供可能性.由于现代生产要素对农业生产的贡献缺乏敏感性,加上机械工具对人力畜力替代的有限和农村劳动力供给的无限,依靠传统农业技术,精耕细作,提高农产品质量和土地的生产力,是适合中国国情的农业生产发展道路.新一轮的制度安排对传统农业技术的运用和创新带来发展的契机,发展中国家绿色无污染农产品的高需求收入弹性以及传统农业技术对现代农业发展的作用又推动了新一轮的制度创新.做好中国区域农业技术规划,应从产品适应性和技术适应度两个维度对农业区域进行矩阵划分,不同的区域采用不同的农业技术战略;应该充分利用传统农业技术改造传统农业,发展中国特色农业;应促进传统农业技术标准化,提高其生产效率,增进其投资收益.     

Randomized response techniques for complex survey designs

Singh et al. ([13]) pointed out that the Randomized response (RR) technique proposed by Moors ([9]) is not desirable because it fails to protect the confidentiality of the respondents and they provided two alternative strategies free from the above drawback but limited to SRSWOR sampling only. In this paper, generalization of one of the strategies is provided for complex survey designs, wider class of estimators and for quantitative characteristics. Relative efficiency of the modified strategy is tested through empirical investigations. An erratum to this article is available at .     

The Best and Worst Times of Life: Narratives and Assessments of Subjective Well-Being by Anamnestic Comparative Self Assessment (ACSA) in the Eastern Cape,South Africa

The Anamnestic Comparative Self Assessment (ACSA) measure of subjective well-being (SWB) aims to reduce the problems of cultural bias and relativity to external standards by allowing people to define the endpoints or ‘anchors’ of the measurement scale. In medical terminology anamnestic denotes ‘based on memory’. The ACSA uses subjects’ memories of the best and worst periods in their lives to define the anchors of the scale. They then assess their current quality of life relative to these personal anchors. The South African pilot study tested the match between self-assessment of SWB with ACSA and the conventional single-item measures of life satisfaction and happiness used in the South African Quality of Life Trends Study and analysed the narratives of the best and worst times of life. The quota sample of 46 consisted of 26 residents of Makana district in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa, and 20 patients undergoing treatment in the local TB hospital. Mean SWB ratings with all three measures of life satisfaction, happiness and ACSA were between 5 and 6 on a 0–10-point scale. Ratings on all three scales were positively correlated. However, on ACSA the TB patients rated their current SWB 1.84 points lower than the community respondents, suggesting a greater sensitivity of this measure. It was observed that the starting points of the life stories produced by respondents to define the anchor periods for ACSA were related to their current assessment of SWB. A typology was developed that combined the starting point of the life stories with current SWB. The majority of community respondents matched the ‘Achiever’ type who scored positively on ACSA (i.e., above the mid-point of the scale) and whose life stories started with the worst period of their lives and proceeded to the best period. The TB patients were the only respondents to represent the ‘Survivor’ type whose morale had recovered after misfortune in life. ‘Survivors’ started their narratives with the best period in their lives, then moved to the worst (often health-related) one, and gave positive ACSA ratings. Based on the qualitative analysis of narratives, it is concluded that ACSA is a sensitive measurement instrument and therefore particularly useful for monitoring the effects of treatments and social interventions in longitudinal studies. However, further research is required to verify its cross-cultural validity.

Does parents’ valuation of children’s health mimic their valuation of own health?

A single latent variable model of health status and therapeutic health care utilization is estimated for parents and own children of 6,557 US households. The equation system that identifies latent health status simultaneously determines a number of indicators of general health, including presence of morbidity symptoms, mobility limitations, medication needs, and utilization of therapeutic health care services. The main goal of the paper was to obtain an unbiased estimate of parents’ marginal substitution rate between own and child health. Results indicate that parents’ valuation of their children’s health exceeds their valuation of own health by almost twofold on average.

突破笛卡儿式传统的维特根斯坦

维特根斯坦在其著述中，没有一处提到过笛卡儿。但他清醒地意识到，其反对和批判的是哲学中的某个思潮、某种哲学，即笛卡儿式传统。突破笛卡儿式传统是维特根斯坦哲学工作的内在动力。笛卡儿式传统的主要特征是，天赋观念、理智至上的立场以及身心二元论和数学化、理性独立化的哲学方法。维特根斯坦的突破性贡献是。他把哲学看作是一种活动，而不是理论体系；通过私人语言论证，试图在行为主义和内省主义之间开辟一条中间道路。     

对新时期高校校园文化建设的思考

高校校园文化建设对于大学生的全面成长、成才具有重要的意义，但新时期带来了许多新情况和新问题，解决好这些问题，需要从校园文化建设的组织运作和活动内容与目标重新定位、创新等方面入手，进一步加强高校校园文化建设。论文从校园文化建设的必要性和重要性出发，对高校校园文化现状进行分析，对新时期校园文化建设的具体措施进行了深入探讨。针对大学生自身情况，以全面教育作为校园文化建设的主要内容和目标，并以此为核心，设计了校园文化活动体系，创建了以月份为单位的校园文化框架。为高校大学生校园文化建设提供了可供参考的意见和建议。