从投资风险角度分析我国高等教育投资问题及对策

我国高等教育正处于全面改革和发展阶段,在此过程中出现了需求的扩大与资金短缺的矛盾,这成为高等教育进一步发展的制约因素。文章对这一矛盾进行了分析,并从教育投资风险的角度探讨了原因,最后提出一些针对性的措施。     

Civic responsibility in a risk democracy

The National Research Council advocates for what they term a risk democracy, in which risk issues require community decision-making based on dialogue. This essay focuses on the promotion of civic responsibility in a risk democracy. Award-winning public awareness campaigns are analyzed to demonstrate how community partnerships and civic responsibility can improve community resilience. First, the role of a community in an emergency is discussed; second, the current focus of the Department of Homeland Security on prevention rather than preparation as illuminated by interviews with emergency managers is critically examined; and finally, public awareness campaigns are presented to show how personal and civic responsibility can assist in emergency planning and response.     

The role of beliefs,trust, and risk in contributions to a public good

This paper experimentally investigates if and how beliefs, trust, and risk attitudes are associated with cooperative behavior. By applying incentivized elicitation methods to measure these concepts, we find that beliefs about others’ cooperation and trust are positively correlated with cooperation in a public goods game. However, even though contributing to a public good resembles a situation of making decisions under strategic uncertainty, elicited risk preferences do not seem to explain cooperation in a systematic way.     

Can a Munro-Inspired Approach Transform the Lives of Looked after Children in England?

This discussion paper will examine the lessons from the Munro Review relevant for looked after children. Although the Munro Review focuses on child protection, we will argue that some of its key principles have relevance for understanding looked after childhoods. The Munro Review provides an analysis of the current state of the child protection system, challenging bureaucratised practice and arguing for a reclaiming of professional social work identity, knowledge and understanding. There are three key principles of the Munro Review that this paper will focus upon. The first two are the recognition that risk cannot be eradicated and the bureaucratisation of practice is an inadequate response to the demand for public accountability. The third principle is that ethical integrity lies at the heart of services for children in public care. The key message of this paper is that a Munro approach can transform looked after childhoods. However, the current ‘child protection’ model of social work in England may prevent this shift in social work practice.     

社会共治视角下食品安全风险交流机制研究

日本食品安全风险交流以双向沟通机制、风险素养培养机制和国际合作机制为核心,形成了政府主导下多元主体参与的社会共治格局。但在核泄漏事故中仍呈现出交流手段陈旧,交流方案滞后,专家与公众的风险认知差等问题。我国应在总结日本经验的基础上,以“社会共治”理念为引导,通过明确风险交流主体的定位,搭建多样化信息沟通平台,建立风险交流公众参与机制,加强风险交流的国际合作来推进食品安全风险交流机制的建立。     

Dynamic Bayesian analysis of generalized odds ratios assuming multivariate skew-normal distribution for the error terms in the system equation

In this paper, we develop a methodology for the dynamic Bayesian analysis of generalized odds ratios in contingency tables. It is a standard practice to assume a normal distribution for the random effects in the dynamic system equations. Nevertheless, the normality assumption may be unrealistic in some applications and hence the validity of inferences can be dubious. Therefore, we assume a multivariate skew-normal distribution for the error terms in the system equation at each step. Moreover, we introduce a moving average approach to elicit the hyperparameters. Both simulated data and real data are analyzed to illustrate the application of this methodology.     

资本外逃的成因:文献评述及政策含义

国外理论界对于资本外逃成因诠释的文献,主要有资产组合理论、人力资本理论、政党轮流执政理论、公共地悲剧理论和政治风险理论,这些理论从不同角度诠释了资本外逃产生的原因及其内在机制,从一个侧面体现了经济学研究的方法论,从早期的文字阐述到模型的构建,从早期的假说、推测到近期的计量分析验证的演进轨迹。     

农村独生子女家庭的医疗保障问题思考

农村独生子女家庭,由于传统的家庭风险分担机制对他们无法发挥作用,而面临着三代人的医疗风险,成为高医疗风险家庭.但当前我国农村正在构筑新的社会医疗保障制度,并没有对农村独生子女家庭给予有效关注.国家应以农村医疗保障制度为基础,在有条件地区应鼓励并资助农村独生子女家庭参加商业医疗保险计划,并通过尽快建立健全农村社会保障制度,打破城乡二元经济结构,实现城乡协调发展,从根本上解决农村独生子女家庭的医疗问题.     

浅谈网络会计发展存在的问题和几点建议

网络会计是建立在网络环境基础上的会计信息系统,相对于传统会计,它使得会计信息提供更及时、披露更全面、资源利用更充分、效率更高.但它也存在网络技术、会计数据安全风险,需采取有效措施应对.     

Conflicting contexts: Midwives’ interpretation of childbirth through photo elicitation

IntroductionThis study seeks to explore midwives’ perceptions about childbirth and in particular their beliefs about normality and risk. In the current climate of increasing interventions during labour, it is important to understand the thought processes that impact on midwifery care in order to examine whether these beliefs influence midwifery clinical decision-making.Method12 Midwives who worked in a variety of metropolitan hospitals in Sydney, Australia were interviewed about how they care for women during labour. The study utilised an inductive qualitative design using photo elicitation during the interview process.ResultsSix themes emerged from the data that clearly indicated midwives felt challenged by working in a system dominated by an obstetric model of care that undermined midwifery autonomy in maintaining normal birth. These themes were: desiring normal, scanning the environment, constructing the context, navigating the way, relinquishing desire and reflecting on reality. Most midwives felt they were unable to practice in the manner they were philosophically aligned to, that is, promoting normal birth, as the medical model restricted their practice.DiscussionThe polarised views of childbirth held by midwives and obstetricians do little to enhance normal birth outcomes. Midwives in this study expressed frustration that they were unable to practice midwifery in a way that reflected their belief in normal birth. This, they cite is a result of the oppressive obstetric model prevalent in maternity care facilities in Sydney and the over use of technological interventions during childbirth.