FDI与工业污染排放物的空间面板模型分析

本文以FDI的环境效应为切入点,利用Moran I指数对我国FDI与工业污染排放物的空间相关性进行了分析。在此基础上通过变量的空间相关性检验结果以及对比传统面板模型实证结果来说明引入空间计量的必要性,最后通过空间滞后模型(SAR)和空间误差模型(SEM)的计量结果来揭示FDI与环境污染的空间非线性关系。结果表明:FDI和工业污染排放物具有显著的空间相关性,环境污染程度与FDI之间呈"N型"发展关系,并且我国环境污染治理已出现"越治理越严重"的趋势。     

“能源—经济—环境”系统的约束与解约束:理论与实证

通过将能源和环境污染治理引入生产函数,污染引入效用函数,构建“能源(Energy)—经济(Economy)—环境(Environment)”(3E)系统的内生增长模型,系统地探讨在能源耗竭和环境污染约束下,3E系统解约束的条件以及参数取值与约束“松紧”程度之间的关系。理论研究表明: (1)人力资本是破解3E系统约束的关键变量;(2)时间贴现率的值越大,3E系统的约束越强;(3)可持续3E系统的均衡路径要求边际效用弹性大于1,且伴随着不断增加的污染治理投资份额;(4)高的边际效用弹性强化了能源耗竭约束,却削弱了环境污染约束。更进一步,利用中国的数据对理论模型的一些结果进行了计量检验,结果显示: 中国的3E系统正向良好的方向发展,人力资本显著促进经济增长,污染治理对经济增长的影响尚不显著;区域层面上,东部的人力资本对经济的贡献明显高于中西部,而能源消费的贡献显著低于中西部。     

环境污染第三方治理的监管

环境污染第三方治理作为一种市场化机制,主要系污染者和第三方之间的民事法律关系,对污染者和第三方监管的内容应有所不同。鉴于环境污染第三方治理的局限性,在推行第三方治理时应注重监管,实现第三方治理有效规制。     

财政分权体制下的城市环境污染问题研究--来自中国73个城市的经验数据

“中国式分权”带来经济发展奇迹的同时,也加剧了环境污染。文章以我国73个环境重点监测城市2003～2012年的数据作为研究样本,利用静态面板和动态面板模型,实证考察了城市层面的财政分权与环境污染的关系。结果表明,不论是财政收入分权还是支出分权的提高都会提高污染物的排放水平,前者通过“政企合谋”实现,后者则通过地方官员支出的偏向实现,且前者的影响更大,造成上述结果更重要的原因是官员考核机制的缺陷,制度改革势在必行。应该改变现行的地方官员考核评价机制,完善财政分权体制,处理好经济增长和环境污染的关系,通过产业结构的优化和升级等逐步提高环境质量。     

环境警察制度构5建的理念嬗变--以《刑法修正案（八）》对污染环境罪的修改为视角

目前我国环境形势严峻,接连出台的《刑法修正案（八）》和配套的司法解释对污染环境罪的入罪标准和具体适用作出了明确规定,但关于该罪的主观方面仍然存在争议,给公安机关的环境执法工作造成一定困难。要更有效地打击环境犯罪,环境警察制度成为大势所趋。制度的建立非一日达成,执法依据、方式的确定、机构如何设置都是值得思考的问题。     

西部环境与经济增长之关系研究

文章分析了我国西部地区的环境状况及其与经济增长之间的关系,并结合当前实际,对西部地区如何实现环境与经济的协调发展提出了相应的建议。     

Environmental Pollution and Control: A Case Study of Delhi Mega City

The present paper is an attempt to examine the trend in the level of environmental pollution in Delhi and measures taken to control it. The data have been analyzed from various secondary sources of data. The analysis reveals that rapid population growth continues to be a matter of concern as it has manifold effects, one of the most important being environmental pollution. Densely populated and rapidly growing Delhi mega city is often entombed in a pall of pollution from vehicles, sewage and liquid wastes generated by human settlement and uncontrolled pollution from industries. The recent pollution control measures taken by central government reduced the environmental pollution up to some extent.     

论重大环境污染事故罪

重大环境污染事故罪是新《刑法》增设的新罪名。目前,理论界对其有不同的看法和观点,本文试从构成要件入手,对本罪的客体、客观方面、主体、主观方面及本罪与相似罪的界限作一些探讨。     

Methods for Detecting and Estimating Population Threshold Concentrations for Air Pollution–Related Mortality with Exposure Measurement Error

The association between daily fluctuations in ambient particulate matter and daily variations in nonaccidental mortality have been extensively investigated. Although it is now widely recognized that such an association exists, the form of the concentration–response model is still in question. Linear, no threshold and linear threshold models have been most commonly examined. In this paper we considered methods to detect and estimate threshold concentrations using time series data of daily mortality rates and air pollution concentrations. Because exposure is measured with error, we also considered the influence of measurement error in distinguishing between these two completing model specifications. The methods were illustrated on a 15-year daily time series of nonaccidental mortality and particulate air pollution data in Toronto, Canada. Nonparametric smoothed representations of the association between mortality and air pollution were adequate to graphically distinguish between these two forms. Weighted nonlinear regression methods for relative risk models were adequate to give nearly unbiased estimates of threshold concentrations even under conditions of extreme exposure measurement error. The uncertainty in the threshold estimates increased with the degree of exposure error. Regression models incorporating threshold concentrations could be clearly distinguished from linear relative risk models in the presence of exposure measurement error. The assumption of a linear model given that a threshold model was the correct form usually resulted in overestimates in the number of averted premature deaths, except for low threshold concentrations and large measurement error.     

对我国水污染防治策略的思考

文章阐述了我国水污染的特征及危害,并对我国现行的水污染防治策略进行了深入的思考,同时对我国未来水污染防治问题提出了从规划、计划、宏观决策的源头控制;推行清洁生产,对工业污染实行总量控制;加大城市污水处理力度;加强面污染源防治的研究;建立环境污染防治专项资金等对策。