“动＋个＋……”中“个”的句法语义分析

“个”是使用频率最高的量词,与词类的搭配相当自由。“动 个 ……”中“个”后面的成分既可能是一般的可个称的体词性词语,也可能是抽象的不可个称的体词性词语,还可能是表示动作行为和性质状态的谓词性词语。如果“个”后是一般的可个称的体词性词语,大家一致同意“个”为量词,这时的“个”与其他位置上的“个”无异。可是,如果“个”后是抽象的不可个称的体词性词语或谓词性词语,人们的观点不太一致。作者用普通话、方言和古语相结合、印证的办法,得出“动 个 ……”中“个”后无论是体词性词语还是谓词性词语,“个”都是量词,同时也指出这一位置上的“个”在表意上有别于其他位置上的“个”。     

Measuring the complexity of generalized linear hierarchical models

Measuring a statistical model's complexity is important for model criticism and comparison. However, it is unclear how to do this for hierarchical models due to uncertainty about how to count the random effects. The authors develop a complexity measure for generalized linear hierarchical models based on linear model theory. They demonstrate the new measure for binomial and Poisson observables modeled using various hierarchical structures, including a longitudinal model and an areal‐data model having both spatial clustering and pure heterogeneity random effects. They compare their new measure to a Bayesian index of model complexity, the effective number p_D of parameters (Spiegelhalter, Best, Carlin & van der Linde 2002); the comparisons are made in the binomial and Poisson cases via simulation and two real data examples. The two measures are usually close, but differ markedly in some instances where p_D is arguably inappropriate. Finally, the authors show how the new measure can be used to approach the difficult task of specifying prior distributions for variance components, and in the process cast further doubt on the commonly‐used vague inverse gamma prior.     

发电厂及变电所悬垂绝缘子最小片数推算

火力发电厂及变电所中悬垂绝缘子串片数的选择是电气设计中必须的步骤和容易产生混乱的难点,因此本文对此进行了研究。同时,对导体和电器选择规程中规定的发电厂及变电所悬垂绝缘子串最小片数再发电厂及变电所污秽等级重新定义后进行修订。     

No Human Resource is an Island: Gendered,Racialized Access to Work as a Performer

This article explores the reproduction of gendered, racialized conceptions of age and appearance in structuring access to performing work. Analysis of this issue leads to discussion of a key supposition: that central work experiences of women performers are manifestations of their position as formal and informal proxies for women's experiences in wider society. Women performers are formal proxies in that they are employed to ‘be women’; to represent women for consumption in the circuit of culture. They are informal proxies in that they are allocated to highly segmented labour markets based on wider patterns of gendered, racialized social relations.     

Estimation of the number of studies with positive trends when studies with negative trends are present

A two-point estimator is proposed for the proportion of studies with positive trends among a collection of studies, some of which may demonstrate negative trends. The proposed estimator is the y-intercept of the secant line joining the points (a, F?(a)) and (b, F?(b)), where F?(p) is the empirical distribution function of p-values from one-tailed tests for positive trend derived from the individual studies. Although this estimator is negatively biased for any choice of the points 0 ≤ a < b ≤ 1, the bias is less than that of the previously proposed one-point estimator defined by setting b = 1. The bias of the two-point estimator is smallest when a and b approach the inflection point of the true distribution function, E [F?(p)]. The utility of the two-point estimator is demonstrated by using it to estimate the number of male-mouse liver carcinogens among carcinogenicity studies conducted by the National Toxicology Program.     

"性别"与"水是原则"命题的内涵和实质

“性别”是一个逐渐被认可的研究视角,泰勒斯及其哲学则是一段需要重新解读的历史。从性别角度分析“水是原则”命题我们可以看到,理性力量和生命本能在某种程度上同时存在,是哲学构成的特征。所以,生命本能和生存意志是哲学史研究中一个大有可为的领域。     

Comparison of the Historic Recycling Risk for BSE in Three European Countries by Calculating the Basic Reproduction Ratio R0

A deterministic model of BSE transmission is used to calculate the R(0) values for specific years of the BSE epidemics in the United Kingdom (UK), the Netherlands (NL), and Switzerland (CH). In all three countries, the R(0) values decreased below 1 after the introduction of a ban on feeding meat and bone meal (MBM) to ruminants around the 1990s. A variety of additional measures against BSE led to further decrease of R(0) to about 0.06 in the years around 1998. The calculated R(0) values were consistent with the observations made on the surveillance results for UK, but were partially conflicting with the surveillance results for NL and CH. There was evidence for a dependency of the BSE epidemic in NL and CH from an infection source not considered in the deterministic transmission model. Imports of MBM and feed components can be an explanation for this discrepancy, and the importance of imports for these observations is discussed.     

关于分圆域Q(ζ_p)类数的第一因子的行列式表示

设p是奇素数，是分圆域K＝Q（ζp）类数的第一因子。本文运用代数方法证明了：可表成p／2p-2γp与一个元素均为±1的（p-1）／2阶行列式的乘积，上述公式Carlitz和Olson的经典结果。     

局部环上欧氏空间中象对称表为对称的分解

局部环上欧氏几何中 ,正交变换表为对称问题 ,是环上欧氏几何的基本问题之一 .本文探讨的是如何将域上欧氏几何中 ,关于这一问题的结果 ,有效的转到环上来 .     

北欧各国配子捐赠制度及其对我国的启示

配子捐赠有助于不孕不育患者实现为人父母的美好愿望。而随之产生的一系列伦理法律问题仍有待探讨解决。匿名配子捐赠存废问题、卵子捐赠的可接受性问题和捐赠配子的补偿问题是北欧各国讨论中较突出的问题。北欧国家对这些问题做了大量研究,积累了丰富经验,并制定了法律法规。中国的配子银行建设仍在起步阶段,需要借鉴北欧经验,以便更好地满足配子捐赠的需要。