Cultural Studies and its local resources: discourse and practice in the Rural Reconstruction Movement

ABSTRACT

Emphasis on ‘context’ and ‘practice’ has been the tradition of Cultural Studies. Now Cultural Studies in Mainland China are facing the following difficulties: lack of attention to local issues and thoughts, lack of holistic horizon and sense of history. How can Cultural Studies in Mainland China search out more potential recourse and forces for critique and resistance from modern China and urban–rural China and confront Chinese problems and experiences which are of great complexity, by returning to its unique historical and social context and taking local resources into consideration? We try to return to the long-term engagement in ‘action-writing’ practice in the Rural Reconstruction Movement. Under the unique perspective of ‘practitioner-researcher’, they hope to explore plural spaces veiled by the mainstream and search out, in the historical context of China, local resources for Cultural Studies and possibilities for its advancement.     

论青年发展社会空间的挤压与再构

当前，青年发展从社会空间的视阈进行系统研究还几近空白。从当代青年发展的现状来看，其社会空间挤压已经成为值得高度重视的现实困境。青年发展研究向社会空间视阈转向，研究青年发展社会空间挤压的生成逻辑和主要特征，重新审视青年群体社会空间和整个社会空间的结构关系，再构青年发展社会空间的新秩序是青年研究和实践领域的重大课题。因此，要不断探索和建构促进青年群体科学发展的社会空间形态和空间结构，保障青年发展社会空间的安全有序。     

Local Resources and Procurement Practices in Humanitarian Supply Chains: An Empirical Examination of Large‐Scale House Reconstruction Projects

Different procurement decisions taken by relief organizations can result in considerably different implications in regards to transport, storage, and distribution of humanitarian aid and ultimately can influence the performance of the humanitarian supply chain and the delivery of the humanitarian aid. In this article, we look into what resources are needed and how these resources evolve in the delivery of humanitarian aid. Drawing on the resource‐based view of the firm, we develop a framework to categorize the impact of local resources on the configuration of humanitarian supply chains. In contrast to other papers, the importance of localizing the configuration of the humanitarian supply chain is not only conceptually recognized, but empirical investigations are also provided. In terms of methodology, this article is based on the analysis of secondary data from two housing reconstruction projects. Findings indicate that the use of local resources in humanitarian aid has positive effects on programs’ overall supply chain performance and these effects are not only related to the macroeconomic perspective, but benefits expand to improvements related to the use of knowledge. At the same time, it was found that local sourcing often comes with a number of problems. For example, in one of the cases, significant problems existed, which were related to the scarcity of local supplies. Both housing reconstruction projects have indicated the continuous need for changes throughout the programs as a dynamic supply chain configuration is important for the long‐term sustainability of reconstruction aid.     

宗族观念与族群认同--以四川藏族尔苏人为例

藏族尔苏人的宗族概念“德”（ de ）有“姓”的含义,与“德”相对应的是“潘策”（ phantshie ）,跟汉语的“氏”概念接近。研究显示,属于某个特定尔苏宗族“德”的人必然是尔苏人,然而属于某个“潘策”的人则不一定是尔苏人。尔苏的扎拉洼“潘策”里出现包括强烈认同藏族的“多续西番”的情况,由此带动该“潘策”尔苏人认同藏族。由宗族观念考察尔苏族群和文化认同建构问题,可以进一步帮助我们理解尔苏人的“族群形成过程”。     

对中国社会学的巨大贡献--纪念费孝通先生从事学术研究70周年

纵观费孝通先生70年的学术研究及其巨大贡献,主要表现在三个方面,这就是他对中国早期社会学所作的贡献;对中国社会学恢复重建所作的贡献;对中国社会学发展和拓展所作的贡献。具体地说首先是,他对社会学中国化所做的卓有成效的工作。其代表作有:《江村经济》(1939)与《禄村农田》(1943),《生育制度》(1947)与《乡土中国》(1948)等。其次是对中国社会学恢复重建所作的“无人可以替代的历史作用”。其三是对中国社会学发展和拓展所作的贡献,尤其是费孝通提出的社会学传统界限扩展论,更有着重大意义的理论,它要建立的科学和人文统一的社会学,更需我们用自己的思考和研究来实现,这也可以说是费老的学术遗言。     

伊斯兰学者刘智的"元气"与日本儒者伊藤仁斋的"一元气"思想——朱子学"理"、"气"学说的批判与重构

在"文明间对话"被各国学界极为重视的当代,特别值得关注与研究的是,17-18世纪的回儒学与日本德川儒学之间的具有价值和意义的对话.刘智和伊藤仁斋是同时代不同文化背景的两位思想大师,同时受到朱子学影响,并吸收融合而产生出自己独特的思想体系.本文将探讨这两位思想家对朱子学"理"、"气"思想的重构特色.进一步想说明,不同文化...     

Species change in an urban setting—ground and rove beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae and Staphylinidae) in Berlin

The influence of environmental parameters on epigeic beetle communities of forest fragments in an urbanization gradient was studied in Berlin. Eight deciduous forests along a rural to urban gradient were sampled with pitfall traps. Species richness did not decline across the rural to urban gradient. As expected, impervious surface cover as an indicator of urbanization correlated not only with habitat fragmentation and heat island effect but also with altered soil properties. The proportion of forest specialist staphylinid species decreased with increasing urbanization. The differences between staphylinid communities of neighboring forest fragments were enhanced in the most urban parts, probably due to increased habitat fragmentation. Furthermore, the loss of flightless species with increasing habitat isolation emphasized the influence of habitat fragmentation. The carabid communities revealed the urbanization effects not as clearly as the staphylinid communities, but both taxa revealed that direct anthropogenic habitat alteration, indicated by removal of decaying wood, favors open-habitat specialists. The extent of the urbanization influence seems to vary seasonally. Environmental parameters associated with urbanization explain the ordination of species communities in the winter better than in the summer. Heat island effect is suggested as an explanation for this difference.     

从产权理论看国有商业银行股份制改造

本文运用现代产权理论 ,从商业银行的存在意义、提供产品、经营特点等角度分析了商业银行适宜的产权结构。通过对国有产权特殊性的分析 ,指出国有商业银行目前存在的种种问题都能从产权结构缺陷中找到根源 ,并分析了我国国有商业银行的现状以及关于我国国有企业管理的最新思想。在这个基础上得出结论 :我国国有商业银行必须根据产权理论重塑产权结构 ,改变单一国家产权的现状 ,实现私人产权的进入和国有产权的退出 ,从而把国有商业银行办成真正的银行     

Developing habitat models for waterbirds in urban wetlands: a log-linear approach

Up to 95% of wetlands in southwestern Ontario, Canada, have been drained and converted to other land uses since the mid-1800s. Remaining wetlands now exist within a mosaic of urban and agriculture land cover and may resemble “islands” from the point of view of species that need this habitat. We investigated the relationships between waterbirds and wetland size, isolation, and adjacent forest cover and roads in 19 wetlands within and adjacent to London, Ontario. Waterbirds were grouped into resource-based guilds: Dabblers, Divers, Waders, and Gulls and Terns (because of small samples, the Passerine and Raptor guilds were dropped from the statistical analyses). Because of the high degree of multicollinearity between variables, we used log-linear analysis to develop models that explained variations in species richness in the waterbird guilds. The log-linear technique provided quantification of environmental effects in a richer way than previous research as the interplay between biophysical factors found in reality are partially captured by the inclusion of interaction in the habitat models. All of the models incorporated the biophysical variables of wetland size and adjacent wetland area, forest cover, and roads. Waterbirds in these urban and near-urban landscapes appear to be using all wetlands available to them, no matter how small or how disjunct the wetland. This has implications for wetland evaluations that may not rate wetlands in human-dominated landscapes highly enough to be protected from development.     

Detection of glitches and signal reconstruction using Hölder and wavelet analysis

We present a method based on a local regularity analysis for detecting and removing artefact signatures in noisy interferometric signals. Using Hölder and wavelet transform modulus maxima lines analysis (WTMML) [S. Mallat, W. Hwang, Singularities detection and processing with wavelets, IEEE Transaction on Information Theory 38 (1992) 617–643] in suitably selected regions of the time-scale half-plane, we can estimate the regularity degree of the signal. Glitches that are considered as a discontinuity on the signal show Hölder component lower than a fixed threshold defined for a continuous signal. After detection and signature removal, the signal is then locally reconstructed using Mallat reconstruction formulae. The method has been tested with Herschel SPIRE FTS proto-flight model calibration observations and shows remarkable results. Optimization of the detection parameters has been performed on the correlation coefficient, the scale domain for Hölder exponent estimation and reconstruction for SPIRE FTS signals.