试谈夫妻财产制度

夫妻财产制度，是有关夫妻财产的归属、管理、收益、使用和处分，夫妻债务的清偿，夫妻家庭生活等费用的负担，婚姻终止时夫妻财产的清算和分割，对外财产责任等的法律制度，是适用对象范围相当广泛的一项重要的财产制度。在私有经济等多种经济形式迅速发展今天，夫妻财产的内容和形式都有了较大了变化，呈现出多样化与复杂化趋势，对夫妻财产制度问题的即时探讨，有着重要的现实意义。     

Category Distinguishability and Observer Agreement

It is common in the medical, biological, and social sciences for the categories into which an object is classified not to have a fully objective definition. Theoretically speaking the categories are therefore not completely distinguishable. The practical extent of their distinguishability can be measured when two expert observers classify the same sample of objects. It is shown, under reasonable assumptions, that the matrix of joint classification probabilities is quasi-symmetric, and that the symmetric matrix component is non-negative definite. The degree of distinguishability between two categories is defined and is used to give a measure of overall category distinguishability. It is argued that the kappa measure of observer agreement is unsatisfactory as a measure of overall category distinguishability.     

Conditional inference for subject-specific and marginal agreement: Two families of agreement measures

A two-stage procedure is described for assessing subject-specific and marginal agreement for data from a test-retest reliability study of a binary classification procedure. Subject-specific agreement is parametrized through the log odds ratio, while marginal agreement is reflected by the log ratio of the off-diagonal Poisson means. A family of agreement measures in the interval [-1, 1] is presented for both types of agreement. The conditioning argument described facilitates exact inference. The proposed methodology is demonstrated by way of an example involving hypothetical data chosen for illustrative purposes, and data from a National Health Survey Study (Rogot and Goldberg 1966).     

试论未成年子女在我国离婚制度中的地位

离婚不仅是个人的问题，而且它还会产生极大的社会影响，具有深刻的社会性．因此，离婚制度一直是一项普遍而重要的法律制度。作为离婚的后果之一──未成年子女的保护问题得到了人们越来越多的关注。随着我国近年来离婚率的上升，有必要尽快地完善我国的离婚法制制度，从司法制度上有效地保护未成年子女的权益，以利于其成长。     

日本入侵华北与昭和天皇

日本关东军强占我国东北地区、建立伪满洲国之后,又加紧谋划侵吞热河,以武力胁迫中国政府签订《塘沽协定》,并积极向华北进行武力扩张,推进"华北分离政策"。在这一过程中,昭和天皇不仅清楚地了解整个战局,而且通过增兵支援、颁布敕语等方式认可并嘉奖了关东军的侵略行径,助长了日本法西斯主义的蔓延。     

新时期我国村规民约的完善

村规民约作为我国民间法的一种形式在历史和当今都起着重要的"法"的调控功能,是我国基层民主和乡村自治的一种重要方式。考察我国村规民约的演变、现代特征及现实作用,结合民间法理论和村民自治制度,以社会主义新农村建设为时代背景,对村规民约中存在的问题进行分析,并在制定程序、执行程序、审查监督、普法教育等方面提出完善建议。     

税收中“黄宗羲定律”的剖析———基于税收伦理的角度分析

“黄宗羲定律”是在我国税收改革中是困扰千年的问题,指出它的根源,找到破解它的方法,对我国当代税收改革也具有指导意义。本文通过税收伦理的理论分析“黄宗羲定律”,引入高赛尔的协定道德理论,提出了一套解决“黄宗羲定律”的税收伦理思路,最后基于税收伦理对税收改革提出了建议。     

Accuracy,confidence and consensus in bayesian hypothesis inference

Interest centres on a group of statisticians , each supplied with the same n sample datapoint sandmaking formal Bayesian inference with a common likelihood function but differing prior knowledge and utility functions.

Definitions are proposed which quantify, in a commensurable way, the inference processes of “accuracy”, “confidence” and “consensus” for the case of hypothesis inference with a fixed sample size n.

The general significance of comparing the three quantifiers is considered. As n increases the asymptotic behaviour of the quantifiers is evaluated and it is found that the three rates of convergence are of the same order as a function of n. The results are interpreted and some of their implications are discussed.     

Fiddling while the planet burns? COP25 in perspective

ABSTRACT

With fires, storms, social protests, and climate strikes sweeping the world, 2019 should have been a tipping point in how the world responds to global heating. This was the backdrop to the COP25 climate change summit which took place in Madrid in December 2019. This paper assesses the outcomes of the meeting and the path towards the critically important meeting in Glasgow at the end of 2020. It analyses and explains the key points of contention over levels of ambition, the rules which should govern global carbon markets and sensitive issues such as loss and damage associated with the impacts of climate change. The analysis is situated within a broader geopolitical and economic context of right-wing populism, deepening forms of marketization and financialization of responses to climate change and against a background of a world increasingly feeling the effects of the climate crisis.     

新冠疫情下停工期无薪休假制度探究

作为一种弹性工作方式,无薪休假通常运用于企业经营困难时期,以平衡劳资利益、稳定劳动关系,部分企业在此次新冠疫情停工期间进行了无薪休假的尝试。无薪休假具体表现为“缩短工时并相应地减少工资”,其在我国是一个新兴事物。若要引入“无薪休假”有必要厘清无薪休假实施的基础,考量我国引入无薪休假的必要性,并在考察域外无薪休假经验做法的基础上,结合实际情况构建我国无薪休假制度,重点在于劳资协商、最低工资保障与劳动监察等方面的规制。