Dynamic network analysis of contact diaries

Analyzing two-mode networks linking actors to events they attend may help to uncover the structure and evolution of social networks. This classic social network insight is particularly valuable in the analysis of data extracted from contact diaries where contact events produce — and at the same time are the product of relations among participants. Contact events may comprise any number of actors meeting at a specific point in time. In this paper we recall the correspondence between two-mode actor–event networks and hypergraphs, and propose relational hyperevent models (RHEM) as a general modeling framework for networks of time-stamped multi-actor events in which the diarist (“ego”) simultaneously meets several of her alters. RHEM can estimate event intensities associated with each possible subset of actors that may jointly participate in events, and test network effects that may be of theoretical or empirical interest. Examples of such effects include preferential attachment, prior shared activity (familiarity), closure, and covariate effects explaining the propensity of actors to co-attend events. Statistical tests of these effects can uncover processes that govern the formation and evolution of informal groups among the diarist’s alters. We illustrate the empirical value of RHEM using data comprising almost 2000 meeting events of former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher with her cabinet ministers, transcribed from contact diaries covering her first term in office (1979–1983).     

汉语位移事件与句法表达

从位移事件的表达方式看,简单表达式主要通过一般位移动词和路径动词来表达,复杂表达式由框架事件和伴随事件构成。从位移事件的类型看,位移事件可以分为自移事件和致移事件两种类型。无生自移一般用复杂表达式,不用简单表达式;有生自移既可用复杂表达式,也可用简单表达式。致移事件一般使用复杂表达式,极少使用简单表达式。     

中国新闻史研究的回顾与展望

本文以 90年来的中国新闻史论著数据统计为依据 ,结合论著的三种类型及其相互间的关系 ,认为中国新闻史的研究有一个大致的周期。根据到目前为止的研究状况 ,认为中国新闻史的研究应进入新的周期 ,新世纪一定时期的研究主攻方向应针对中国新闻通史中的薄弱环节 ,主要致力于专项史、个项史及其他空缺方面的研究。     

基于ECA规则的工作流时间约束分析

本文着重研究了工作流中各活动间的定量时序关系,提出了一种分析工作流中时间约束的方法。该方法针对基于ECA规则的工作流,通过建立及分析工作流的约束图,对工作流中活动间定量时序约束的一致性进行了分析,从而保证了工作流的正常运行。     

中小企业税务筹划探析

税收作为国家宏观经济调控的手段,调控作用愈来愈明显,为企业税务筹划提供了施展的空间,尽管中小企业税务筹划的主观愿望是为减轻税负,客观上却促进了中小企业在国家税收杠杆引导下,走优化产业的道路,反过来,对完善税法又起到了促进作用。使中小企业正视税务筹划、区分偷税、漏税以正确选择合法的税务筹划方法。     

我国公司发行可转换债券的市场反应

使用事件研究法,分析了我国公司发行可转换债券的市场反应。研究表明,我国公司发行可转换债券后市场没有出现显著负的反应,与股权再融资的市场反应明显不同,与国外可转换债券发行的市场反应有差异。政府的奖优政策是可转换债券市场反应特殊性的重要原因。     

和谐社会视野下的政府危机管理体制——由松花江水污染事件引发的思考

以和谐社会建设理论为视野,阐述了政府危机管理的含义,在此基础上审视了我国的立法现状,并分析了我国政府危机管理的缺陷,进而加以合理的制度设计,以提高政府的危机管理能力,确保和谐社会的实现。     

Short- and long-term effects of divorce and separation on housing tenure in England and Wales

This paper investigates the effects of marital and non-marital separation on individuals’ housing tenure in England and Wales. We apply competing risks event history models to data from the British Household Panel Survey and the UK Household Longitudinal Study to analyse the risk of a residential move to different tenure types, for single, married, cohabiting, and separated men and women. Separated individuals are more likely to move and experience a tenure change than those who are single or in a relationship. Among separated people, private renting is the most common outcome of a move; however, women are also likely to move to social renting, whereas men tend to move to homeownership. This pattern persists when we account for time since separation and order of move, indicating a potential long-term effect of separation on housing tenure. This long-term effect is especially pertinent to separated women who cannot afford homeownership.     

Treatment effect quantification for time‐to‐event endpoints–Estimands,analysis strategies,and beyond

A draft addendum to ICH E9 has been released for public consultation in August 2017. The addendum focuses on two topics particularly relevant for randomized confirmatory clinical trials: estimands and sensitivity analyses. The need to amend ICH E9 grew out of the realization of a lack of alignment between the objectives of a clinical trial stated in the protocol and the accompanying quantification of the “treatment effect” reported in a regulatory submission. We embed time‐to‐event endpoints in the estimand framework and discuss how the four estimand attributes described in the addendum apply to time‐to‐event endpoints. We point out that if the proportional hazards assumption is not met, the estimand targeted by the most prevalent methods used to analyze time‐to‐event endpoints, logrank test, and Cox regression depends on the censoring distribution. We discuss for a large randomized clinical trial how the analyses for the primary and secondary endpoints as well as the sensitivity analyses actually performed in the trial can be seen in the context of the addendum. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to do so for a trial with a time‐to‐event endpoint. Questions that remain open with the addendum for time‐to‐event endpoints and beyond are formulated, and recommendations for planning of future trials are given. We hope that this will provide a contribution to developing a common framework based on the final version of the addendum that can be applied to design, protocols, statistical analysis plans, and clinical study reports in the future.     

Restricted mean survival time as a summary measure of time‐to‐event outcome

Many clinical research studies evaluate a time‐to‐event outcome, illustrate survival functions, and conventionally report estimated hazard ratios to express the magnitude of the treatment effect when comparing between groups. However, it may not be straightforward to interpret the hazard ratio clinically and statistically when the proportional hazards assumption is invalid. In some recent papers published in clinical journals, the use of restricted mean survival time (RMST) or τ ‐year mean survival time is discussed as one of the alternative summary measures for the time‐to‐event outcome. The RMST is defined as the expected value of time to event limited to a specific time point corresponding to the area under the survival curve up to the specific time point. This article summarizes the necessary information to conduct statistical analysis using the RMST, including the definition and statistical properties of the RMST, adjusted analysis methods, sample size calculation, information fraction for the RMST difference, and clinical and statistical meaning and interpretation. Additionally, we discuss how to set the specific time point to define the RMST from two main points of view. We also provide developed SAS codes to determine the sample size required to detect an expected RMST difference with appropriate power and reconstruct individual survival data to estimate an RMST reference value from a reported survival curve.