污染防治协议探析

污染防治协议是行政机关为了解决环境污染问题 ,基于与排污者的合意而达成的协议 ,该协议从性质上说属于行政合同。污染防治协议的推行 ,能带来一系列积极作用。协议的内容应包括订立协议的目标、防治污染的对策、排污者履行协议可以得到的优惠 ,违反协议的责任和处理方法等。污染防治协议与依法行政不违背     

西部地区农村城镇化与人居环境建设

西部地区农村城镇人口和乡村工业的过度集中以及对自然资源开发强度的日益加大,使污染物排放量急剧增长,生态环境遭到破坏,农村城镇人居环境不断恶化。人居环境的恶化反过来又限制了西部农村经济的发展。因此,通过树立新的发展观、城镇规划要注意对生态环境的保护、开展农村城镇居民绿色住宅工程、发展生态农业和环保产业等措施,以良好的农村城镇人居环境推动西部地区经济的持续、协调和稳步发展。     

积极应对外商投资对我国环境造成的污染

实践表明,利用外商投资对我国经济发展起到了关键的作用,但由于处在经济发展中的被动地位,发展中国家在国际分工中往往以牺牲环境为代价换取经济发展.这不仅造成了局部环境的恶化,也严重影响了我国经济的可持续发展.在利用外资中,如何保持高速发展,在扩大开放中保持良性循环,已成为当务之急.     

出口贸易与污染排放、治理投资关系的实证分析

利用我国1995-2009年的相关经济数据,实证分析我国出口贸易与污染排放、治理投资之间的关系。得到结论如下：出口贸易变化是污染物排放变化的格兰杰原因;出口贸易对污染物排放的结构效应为正,技术效应为负,但对不同的污染物,规模效应不尽相同;不同污染物的治理投资对出口贸易影响也不同,但是总的治理投资的增加对出口贸易有利。     

Acculturation,Ethnicity, and Air Pollution Perceptions

A globalizing world increases immigration between nations, raising the question of how acculturation (or its lack) of immigrants and their descendants to host societies affects risk perceptions. A survey of Paterson, New Jersey, residents tested acculturation's associations with attitudes to air pollution and its management, and knowledge of and self‐reported behaviors concerning air pollution. Linguistic and temporal proxy measures for acculturation were independent variables along with ethnicity, plus controls for gender, age, education, and income in multivariate analyses. About one‐fifth of contrasts between non‐Hispanic whites, non‐Hispanic blacks, English‐interviewed Hispanics, and Spanish‐interviewed Hispanics were statistically significant (Bonferroni‐corrected) and of medium or higher affect size, with most featuring the Spanish‐interviewed Hispanics. Knowledge variables featured the most significant differences. Specifically, Spanish‐interviewed Hispanics reported less concern, familiarity with pollution, recognition of high pollution, and vigorous outdoor activity, and greater belief that government overregulates pollution than English‐interviewed Hispanics (and than the other two groups on most of these variables too). English‐interviewed Hispanics did not differ from non‐Hispanic whites, but did on several variables from non‐Hispanic blacks. Temporal proxies of acculturation among the foreign‐born were far less significant, but concern and familiarity with air pollution increased with time spent in the United States, while belief in overregulation and a positive trend in New Jersey pollution increased with time in the nation of origin. Implications of these acculturation and ethnicity findings for risk perception/communication research and practice are discussed.     

The social benefits of water and sanitation projects in Northern Colombia: Cost‐Benefit Analysis,the Water Poverty Index and beyond

Water, and Sanitation projects play an important role in alleviating water‐related poverty in developing countries. There are several methodologies that will not only assess the performance of these projects but will also help to better identify the problem and its characteristics, and to improve the efficiency of the investment. The Water Poverty Index is one of them. It is a very useful tool that helps to measure water stress at the household level in a holistic way, and to identify priorities. It is important, however, to complement it with a Cost‐Benefit Analysis that will take into account the costs of the project. A case study in Northern Colombia illustrates this point.     

Designing and integrating composite networks for monitoring multivariate gaussian pollution fields

Networks of ambient monitoring stations are used to monitor environmental pollution fields such as those for acid rain and air pollution. Such stations provide regular measurements of pollutant concentrations. The networks are established for a variety of purposes at various times so often several stations measuring different subsets of pollutant concentrations can be found in compact geographical regions. The problem of statistically combining these disparate information sources into a single 'network' then arises. Capitalizing on the efficiencies so achieved can then lead to the secondary problem of extending this network. The subject of this paper is a set of 31 air pollution monitoring stations in southern Ontario. Each of these regularly measures a particular subset of ionic sulphate, sulphite, nitrite and ozone. However, this subset varies from station to station. For example only two stations measure all four. Some measure just one. We describe a Bayesian framework for integrating the measurements of these stations to yield a spatial predictive distribution for unmonitored sites and unmeasured concentrations at existing stations. Furthermore we show how this network can be extended by using an entropy maximization criterion. The methods assume that the multivariate response field being measured has a joint Gaussian distribution conditional on its mean and covariance function. A conjugate prior is used for these parameters, some of its hyperparameters being fitted empirically.     

“麦克米伦缺口”分析及中国式治理

中小企业有效融资是世界性难题,全球范围内＂麦克米伦缺口＂依然十分突出。在中国,＂麦克米伦缺口＂有着不同于其他国家和地区的特征和成因,因此也产生了针对这些特殊性的中国式治理。虽然目前的各种治理方法还略微粗糙,却有效地缓解了困扰已久的中小企业融资窘境。随着治理＂麦克米伦缺口＂各种探索的持续深入,中国金融界在不久的将来或许就能全面破解这一世界性的难题。     

《水浒传》“灵官殿”小考——兼及《水浒传》成书时间问题

《水浒传》第十三回和第十四回都写到了刘唐醉卧灵官殿,这应是灵官信仰在民间较为普遍所致。有关灵官之名及其事迹、信仰的记载都大量出现于明永乐年间之后,因此,关于灵官殿的细节应视为推断《水浒传》成书时间的重要参考依据。     

广告设计中的水墨意境之审美特征

从古至今,水墨从单纯的用来书写和绘画的媒介转变成了今天广告设计中的一种艺术语言。历代中国画家都在笔墨技巧上不断的求新求变,形成了丰富的笔墨运用方法,这对于现代设计创作都有着很好的启发和借鉴作用。