Abused Elders

No abstract available for this article.     

The Making of COBRS 2.0

Abstract

Recently introduced advances in microcomputer technology offer opportunities for improving child welfare agencies' access to powerful case assessment and program evaluation tools. This paper discusses the process of fitting a child behavior outcome measurement system to a menu driven microcomputer program. Traditional strategies for measuring outcome effectiveness, managerial priorities and operational constraints are examined in terms of their bearing on the introduction of new microcomputer technology. The developmental process is traced to show how these factors influenced the addition of a number of user options to the basic program to enhance its adaptability to specific agency needs. Initial user feedback indicated general satisfaction with the basic program and the applicability of its output, little or no experimentation, as yet, in adapting the system, and, a minor need to adjust the sequencing of operator activities to better fit the realities of agency work rhythms.     

Human Health Risk Assessment of Penicillin/Aminopenicillin Resistance in Enterococci Due to Penicillin Use in Food Animals

Penicillin and ampicillin drugs are approved for use in food animals in the United States to treat, control, and prevent diseases, and penicillin is approved for use to improve growth rates in pigs and poultry. This article considers the possibility that such uses might increase the incidence of ampicillin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (AREF) of animal origin in human infections, leading to increased hospitalization and mortality due to reduced response to ampicillin or penicillin. We assess the risks from continued use of penicillin-based drugs in food animals in the United States, using several assumptions to overcome current scientific uncertainties and data gaps. Multiplying the total at-risk population of intensive care unit (ICU) patients by a series of estimated factors suggests that not more than 0.04 excess mortalities per year (under conservative assumptions) to 0.14 excess mortalities per year (under very conservative assumptions) might be prevented in the whole U.S. population if current use of penicillin drugs in food animals were discontinued and if this successfully reduced the prevalence of AREF infections among ICU patients. These calculations suggest that current penicillin usage in food animals in the United States presents very low (possibly zero) human health risks.     

A Qualitative Evaluation of a Conditional Cash Transfer Program in Turkey: The Beneficiaries’ and Key Informants’ Perspectives

ABSTRACT

Since the 2001 economic crisis, conditional cash transfers (CCTs) have been provided to poor families in Turkey to improve education and health outcomes of children. Under the framework of CCT programs, grants provide an incentive for poor households to use available basic social services. The aim of this study is to explore beneficiaries’ perspectives in relation to a CCT program in Turkey. The in-depth study design entailed semistructured qualitative interviews with beneficiary households and key informants. A total of 397 in-depth interviews were conducted. Analysis results suggest that the CCT program not only positively affected health and educational outcomes, but also contributed to the empowerment of women and improved the self-esteem and self-confidence of beneficiary children. Recommendations for future research are made including the need for an impact evaluation analysis that employs quantitative research methods designed to improve the provision and quality of the basic social services.     

Introducing a Phobia Program into a Community Mental Health Center

No abstract available for this article.     

管理学课程教学内容与方法改革探析

从管理学课程教学的一般特点出发,针对学生的特点与学习要求,结合社会经济与管理学自身的发展趋势,着重从教学内容、教学方法、教学条件与考核方式等方面来阐述了管理学课程教学改革的思考与实践,以期培养具有创新意识和开拓精神的管理人才。     

Prevalence of Elder Mistreatment as Reported by Social Workers in a Probability Sample of Adult Day Health Care Clients

ABSTRACT

There are growing numbers of Adult Day Health Care (ADHC) programs providing needed health services to community-dwelling elderly. Therefore, ADHC staff are in an opportune position to identify and to intervene in suspected elder mistreatment (EM) cases. In this paper, prevalence estimates of EM are reported for a probability sample of ADHC clients in New York State, using data provided during a social worker informant interview. The abuse “signs and symptoms” items in the social worker informant interview schedule were divided into two categories: (1) physical indicators and (2) client's behavioral indicators. Physical indicators included unexplained bruises and welts, unexplained burns, unexplained lacerations or abrasions, human bite marks, and frequent injuries that are “accidental” or “unexplained.” Client's behavioral indicators included apprehension, being frightened, and afraid to go home. EM prevalence for all 8 items was 12.3 percent. When “apprehensive” was excluded, the EM prevalence was 3.6 percent in this sample. These findings suggest that ADHC provides a point of contact for the assessment and intervention of EM that might otherwise be overlooked among elders who are often isolated or homebound.     

非物质文化遗产综合评价体系构想

系统阐明了建立非物质文化遗产综合评价体系的目的与意义,认为应该在非物质文化遗产保护工作中科学决策,以提高管理工作效率,促进理论研究。在分析非物质文化遗产特点的基础上提出了综合评价体系的基本原则、步骤、方法,明确表述了建立非物质文化遗产综合评价体系的整体思路与框架。     

北京外国人社区生活调查研究

改革开放以来,中国经济和社会取得了长足发展,来京的外国人逐年增多。调查显示,外国人对所在社区评价总体比较高,但他们的评价也因年龄、性别、来源地、滞留时间等不同而略有差异,他们参与社区活动的意愿与选择也并不相同。居住在北京城市社区的外国人对所在社区的审视为我们展现了一个由外向内的独特评价视角,这对于我们构建和谐社区、提升社区服务有着重要的现实意义。     

中国台湾身心障碍者社会保障政策变迁及述评

中国台湾地区身心障碍者保障制度是经过长期的历史发展和社会变迁后不断完善的产物,且在不同的历史时期呈现出不同的特点。历经多次调整与革新,中国台湾地区身心障碍者保障已经形成了自己独特的体系,在制度层面具有支持服务与照顾协助的架构相对完备、台北市与各市县伙伴关系和矛盾关系并存两大特点。数十年来,中国台湾地区的身心障碍者权益保障工作已经取得了一定的实践成果,但是其中也存在残补式福利、本土化与西化矛盾等诸多问题。中国台湾地区身心障碍者保障制度仍然面临困难与挑战。从中国台湾地区身心障碍者保障政策的发展历程以及现有体制中,中国大陆地区可以借鉴宝贵经验和可行政策,从而更好地建立和健全与中国现阶段经济发展水平相适应的具有中国特色的残疾人保障体系。