论新公共管理在我国的适用

20世纪70年代末80年代初首先启端于英美国家的新公共管理已经成为概括西方公共管理最新发展趋势的一个学术概念,并且在理论上和实践上得到了迅速发展。但是,新公共管理理论或者称之为新公共管理改革基本上都发生在英、美、澳、新西兰等盎格鲁—撒克逊体系的国家。本文试图从法学的角度找出其原因。英美法系和大陆法系之划分是法学中公认的法律分类法;而新公共管理中的核心思想是利用私法契约来提供公共服务。本文通过对两大法系和契约制度的分析,认为作为大陆法系的我国基于政治法律传统应该选择法治国家模式进行政府管理改革。     

In search of the glass ceiling: gender and recruitment to management in Norway's state bureaucracy1

There are still fewer female than male managers in Norway's state bureaucracy. This article asks if there are organizational barriers which prevent women from entering these positions. Is there really a glass ceiling, or must one look outside the organizational environment to find an explanation? Is it rather the case that the scarcity of female managers is caused by women's own preferences or their life situations outside work? Or do both contribute to the situation? The study shows that female managers are treated just as well as male managers in central parts of the state bureaucracy. Employers give equal shares of respect and attention to both genders. Female managers are encouraged to apply for the same number of jobs as men and are offered an equal number of jobs as men when they apply; in fact, women are offered more jobs than men, when one controls for the number of job applications. This indicates that organizational barriers are not the problem. The study also shows that there are no differences in work orientation between male and female managers. Female managers are just as ambitious as male managers. Nor do female managers find it more difficult than male managers to combine work and family life. So, how can one explain the low number of female managers? The study shows that one reason can be that female managers apply for management jobs less often than their male colleagues. The cause of this seems to be anticipated discrimination rather than lack of ambition or self‐confidence. However, this slows down women's movement into higher management positions in the state bureaucracy.     

From Bureaucratic Administration to Network Administration? An Empirical Study on E-Government Focus on Catalonia

This article aims to (1) analyse the extent to which there is a movement from a Weberian bureaucratic administration towards a new organisational model that we call network-administration and (2) consider whether the premises of New Public Management (NPM) theory are present in this process of transformation. The study centres on the analysis of the channels for citizen attention and the processes of technological innovation around these channels carried out by the Catalonian Government. Our initial conclusions indicate that while there is a change in Public Administration (PA), this change is incremental and has several nuances: a slight evolution towards network-administration is observed as currently existing alongside the traditional hierarchical and compartmentalised bureaucracy. In parallel, the private sector is increasingly involved in a relationship that tends to be more controlled by the public sector. We should add that there is also a new emphasis being placed on the relationship with the citizen as a service-user.

论商鞅预防和治理官吏犯罪的思想

商鞅认为,预防和治理官吏犯罪是法治建设的首要任务。原有的监察制度存在很大的缺陷和法律漏洞,不能从根本上解决官吏犯罪的问题。他强调“法”的规范性、公正性、公开性和平等性,提出重刑治理官吏犯罪,采取整饬官僚体制,建立新的检举、揭发机制,建立透明的法律体系,强化官吏的办事效率等措施。经过商鞅的治理,秦国“百吏肃然”,但是,他的预防和治理官吏犯罪思想也存在着明显的缺失。     

Life here beyond now: Chronotopes of the ideal life among Iranian transnationals

I address how U.S.‐based Iranian transnationals’ migration paths affect their (re)‐construction of chronotopes of the ideal life. Adopting an ethnographically grounded, discourse‐analytic approach, I illustrate how participants with student visas and U.S. Green Cards position themselves differently relative to images of success here [in the U.S.] and lack of success there [in Iran]. I argue that the chronotopes of success here and lack of success there (re)‐constructed by non‐resident Iranian students are prompted by a large‐scale cultural chronotope which pertains to their aspiration to stay in the U.S. This chronotope of ‘life beyond’ is less about a ‘remove from homeland’ and more about an ideal future in the host country. Migrants’ desires and anxieties, I argue, can determine what receives topical prominence in migration chronotopes – as in the case of Iranian educational migrants whose future positionings make temporality topically more prominent than spatiality.

     

Authenticity or skill-oriented individualism,neutrality or managerialism: diversity officers as modern public officials

ABSTRACT

Diversity has become a new buzzword in European cities. Newly introduced diversity policies have replaced previous multicultural policies with an approach that acknowledges difference in a more general sense. Drawing on in-depth fieldwork in diversity departments in Amsterdam, Antwerp and Leeds, this article investigates how the introduction of diversity policy impacted on the recruitment and the self-representations of public officials in newly created diversity departments. Despite a proclaimed move away from recognising minority-group specificities, many officials conceive their immigrant origin as a central element of their profiles. This continuation of a multicultural logic is interpreted as misunderstanding or resistance on the part of those meant to implement these policies, indicating agency of contemporary bureaucrats as well as creative space within bureaucracies. In order to place the shift from multicultural to diversity policy in the context of welfare state transformation and neoliberalism, I assess whether diversity officers endorse diversity policies in conjunction with New Public Management policies. However, I do not find an unequivocal promotion of both policies and my study thus does not confirm the common association of diversity policies with neoliberalism.     

职官制度学养与出土文献整理 ——-以新出土唐、宋两方墓志释读为例

新近出土的唐、宋两方墓志《唐赵励墓志》、《宋故尚书刑部侍郎解公墓志铭》的释文在涉及 唐、宋官制方面有一些误读和不足,诸如对墓主和墓志起草人的官衔不予标点,将宋代本官阶和职事官混 为一谈,将唐代职官术语视为官名,未能区别唐、宋职官正称与别名之异等等,致读者对墓主的一生仕履 稀里糊涂,直接影响对出土文献的正确利用。年轻的文物考古工作者应加强官制学养,提高释读新出土 文献的水平。     

从法律的角度看新公共管理

二十世纪七十年代末八十年代初首先启端于英美国家的新公共管理已经成为概括西方公共管理最新发展趋势的一个学术概念,并且在理论上和实践上得到了迅速发展.但是,新公共管理理论或者称之为新公共管理改革基本上都发生在英、美、澳、新西兰等盎格鲁-撒克逊体系的国家.本文试图从法学的角度找出其原因.英美法系和大陆法系之划分是法学中公认的法律分类法;而新公共管理中的核心思想是利用私法契约来提供公共服务.本文通过对两大法系和契约制度的分析,认为作为大陆法系的我国基于政治法律传统应该选择法治国家模式进行政府管理改革.     

论技治主义

技治主义的定义、历史、特征、存在理由。技治主义虽然胜于官僚政治,但是它也有诸多缺陷:缺乏管理现代社会的其他的必要知识和素质;作为手段而非目的的科学和技术对目标确定和价值选择的问题先天乏力;在思想上和行动中易于陷入传统的科学和技术固有的机械决定论或因果一义论的模式,无视或轻视社会和人的问题的复杂性、多变性乃至混沌性;排斥乃至剥夺政治家和公民行使、参与政治的权利或权力;尤其是侵害或消弭人的自由和自主性。我们对此必须有明确认识,并从思想认识和公共教育两方面双管齐下逐渐予以克服。     

我国班级教育管理景观的另类阐释——一种后现代的思考

从后现代的视角看,在班级管理模式下,学生的时间、身体、衣食住行在最大程度上被支配着,而教室也成为学生被凝视的场所,其全景式敞视空间布局大大便利了老师及管理者对学生的操控;由班主任到班长、学习委员、组长等等构成的权力等级体系将技术理性发挥到极致,成功建构起小范围的班级官僚场域;性别角色教育一直是班级教育管理中隐而不宣的重要方面,潜意识里对男女学生能力的定位及对与性相关的话题的回避,昭显出身体成为政治的可能性。