The political economy of targeting – a critical review

The political economy models of targeting postulate that going universal is a win‐win situation, for the poor and the middle class, as well as those who are in power. This article critically discusses the assumptions behind the political economy arguments of targeting and tests whether a universal mechanism is bound to politically excel in a low‐income country context. On the basis of attitudinal surveys with the urban, rural and student population in Zambia, we do not find any support for the predictions of the political economy models. We discuss the assumptions of the political economy models in the light of these findings and consider potentially decisive parameters that the models currently do not incorporate.     

超长钢板桩围堰合理内支撑施工方案

钢板桩围堰合理的内支撑施工方案对施工安全、工期长短、成本大小均有一定的影响。以阜阳至六安铁路颍河特大桥深水基础超长钢板桩围堰施工实践为例，通过建立钢板桩、内支撑和土层相互作用的三维整体有限元模型，根据封底混凝土施工时机的不同，选择4种施工方案，对超长钢板桩围堰内支撑施工方案进行了探讨。结果表明：封底混凝土施工越早，对围堰结构的整体安全越有利；实际采用的施工方案要根据桥址处工程地质条件，结合实际工程情况，经方案比选和分析论证以后确定。     

Characteristics of Couples Who Attend Family Services Counselor Visits in Relationship Education

Case management services for low-income couples receiving relationship education have been required by federal funding agencies. Studies examining relationship education outcomes for low-income couples have yet to address participant characteristics of those who attend case management services (e.g., distressed vs. nondistressed). Thus, this study examined the influence of baseline relationship satisfaction and demographics on attendance at case management visits for 2,628 low-income, partnered participants who attended relationship education. Findings indicated that participants who reported higher baseline relationship distress attended more family services counselor (FSC) visits. However, when we added demographics to the model, relationship distress no longer predicted FSC visits, whereas income served as a predictor for men and women, with those reporting greater monthly income attending more FSC visits.     

Is There a Double‐Negative Effect? Gender and Ethnic Wage Differentials in Italy

This paper investigates the gender and ethnic wage differentials for female migrants in Italy by applying the Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition, with and without Heckman correction, to account for self‐selection into the labour market. The gender wage gap is nearly 15 per cent, more than 60 per cent of which is unexplained by observable differences. The ethnic wage gap is much larger (39 per cent), but endowments explain 53 per cent of the gap. We also estimate the double‐negative effect of being both female and a migrant. A female migrant earns 42 per cent less than an Italian male; the unexplained component is estimated to be 53–65 per cent. Results are robust to different specifications.     

竞争市场中生产与碳交易策略

在碳排放约束下,利用动态古诺模型,分析厂商如何优化产量、交易碳排放权的规模、净化节约额以实现利润最大化的问题,得到相应的均衡量和各阶段最优量,并给出竞争市场中的企业减排策略以及政府的行为和碳排放权价格对企业减排策略的影响,阐述在竞争市场中减排和碳排放权交易的运行机制。研究发现: 双寡头竞争市场中存在均衡状态;在减排率较低时,制造上获得最高利润,而企业追求过高的减排率将会导致过分依赖碳减排市场而获得较低的利润;制造商应该适时低价购入过量碳排放权,而在高价时卖出多余的碳排放权,以充分利用碳排放权市场以增加利润降低成本;制造商的利润会随着政府碳排放权分配系数的增加而增加。     

模具钢干铣削试验及参数优化研究

为了对铣削力做进一步的研究,以及预测铣削参数的改变对铣削力变化的影响,文章建立了铣削力预测模型,引 入了PSO优化算法。试验采用正交设计方法,干式铣削SKD61模具钢;KISTLER测力仪测量铣削力;HRsoft_DW数采软 件采集试验数据,并对数据进行极差分析。研究结果表明每齿进给量是铣削参数中影响铣削力最为主要的因素。研究 验证了PSO算法对铣削参数优化问题具有有效性。     

钢桶螺纹盖机器人旋紧控制系统

为了解决人工操作或机械半自动化旋紧钢桶螺纹盖所带来的弊端,提出采用工业机械臂对其进行自动旋紧。运 用EtherCAT总线技术,通过CoDeSys开发软件,设计开发了一种机器人旋紧控制系统,使得机器人可以对钢桶螺纹盖进 行自动抓取、定位和旋紧,完成相应的工序。该设计实现了钢桶螺纹盖旋紧的自动化生产,提高了生产效率和加工质量。     

石景山制铁所相关数据考

本文通过考证,修正日本侵略者统治石景山制铁所时的三项重要数据。这些数据曾长期被广泛使用,具体为1944年3月发生31812起事故,是由于读错了文献,将当月所有员工的事假统计当作事故来理解;日本统治下的石景山制铁所占石景山地区的土地面积应该是1676228平方米(1.676228平方公里),为有关出版物所述的35000亩(23.331平方公里)的7.18%;石景山制铁所员工最多时是1944年10月,为2.4万人,不是有关出版物所述的5.9万人。     

世界钢铁产业整合的历程及其对我国的启示

世界钢铁产业的发展过程就是钢铁产业整合的过程。到目前为止,已经历四次大规模产业整合。世界钢铁产业整合的主要动因大致可以归纳为：追求规模经济,降低经营成本;扩大市场占有份额,增强市场控制能力;增强技术创新能力;抵御外部并购。世界钢铁产业整合的历程对我国钢铁产业发展有较大的启示。