Contrôle des normes internationales du travail et complémentarité des systèmes nationaux et internationaux: récentes évolutions

Les systèmes nationaux et internationaux de régulation du travail, loin de s'opposer, sont largement imbriqués. De hautes juridictions nationales ont utilisé les normes de l'OIT dans de récentes décisions. Les auteurs décryptent les conditions et les conséquences de cet usage en examinant deux décisions de la Cour suprême du Canada (liberté syndicale) et une de la Cour d'appel de Paris (contrat de travail). Outre que ces affaires ont fait l'objet de procédures tant nationales qu'internationales, le choix de pays aux cultures juridiques différentes permet de discuter l'appropriation du droit international du travail par les juridictions nationales.     

1-(2-苯并噻唑)-3-(4-硝基苯基)-三氮烯的合成及分析性能研究

报道了1-（2-苯并噻唑）－3-（4-硝基苯基）-三氮烯（BTNPT）的合成及性质．在TrionX－100存在下，B－R的缓冲碱性介质中，试剂与镉、汞、镍等离子具有高灵敏显色反应，表观摩尔吸光系数分别为2．20×105L·mol－1·cm－1、1．47×105L·mol－1·cm－1、1．00×105L．mol－1·cm－1．     

钼酸钙晶体中点缺陷的电子结构研究

运用以密度泛函理论为基础的相对论性离散变分方法(DV-Xα),模拟计算了完整的和含氧空位的钼酸钙(CaMoO_4)晶体的电子结构,得到了含有F、F~ 心的CaMoO_4晶体电子态密度分布以及它们可能产生的光学跃迁模式.计算结果表明,含F、F~ 心的CaMoO_4晶体的禁带宽度明显变窄,F、F~ 心的能级出现在禁带中,利用过渡态理论计算得到其向Mo的4 d轨道发生光学跃迁,跃迁能量值分别为1.93,2.03 eV.利用提拉法生长的CaMoO_4晶体呈现蓝色的本质原因是F、F~ 心在黄红区产生比较强的吸收.     

THE EURO AND THE GEOGRAPHY OF INTERNATIONAL DEBT FLOWS

Greater financial integration between core and peripheral European Monetary Union (EMU) members not only had an effect on both sets of countries but also spilled over beyond the euro area. Lower interest rates allowed peripheral countries to run bigger deficits, which inflated their economies by allowing credit booms. Core EMU countries took on extra foreign leverage to expose themselves to the peripherals. We present a stylized model that illustrates possible mechanisms for these developments. We then analyze the geography of international debt flows using multiple data sources and provide evidence that after the euro's introduction, core EMU countries increased their borrowing from outside of the EMU and their lending to the EMU periphery. Moreover, we present evidence that large core EMU banks' lending to periphery borrowers was linked to their borrowing from outside of the euro area.     

REPATRIATION OF DEBT IN THE EURO CRISIS

With the beginning of the Euro Crisis, the long‐standing trend of European financial integration reversed. Investors unwound cross‐border positions of debt obligations and increased holdings of locally issued debt. In other words, debt obligations were repatriated. We use data on bank portfolios to document three new empirical regularities of the financial disintegration: (i) repatriation affected mainly debt of crisis countries; (ii) repatriation affected mainly public debt; (iii) the public debt of crisis countries that was not repatriated was reallocated to large and politically influential countries within the Euro area. We read these results in light of standard theories of cross‐border portfolio allocation and argue that the sum of these patterns constitutes evidence for the secondary market theory of public debt.     

DISTRIBUTIONAL INCENTIVES IN AN EQUILIBRIUM MODEL OF DOMESTIC SOVEREIGN DEFAULT

Europe's debt crisis resembles historical episodes of outright default on domestic public debt about which little research exists. This paper proposes a theory of domestic sovereign default based on distributional incentives affecting the welfare of risk‐averse debt and nondebtholders. A utilitarian government cannot sustain debt if default is costless. If default is costly, debt with default risk is sustainable, and debt falls as the concentration of debt ownership rises. A government favoring bond holders can also sustain debt, with debt rising as ownership becomes more concentrated. These results are robust to adding foreign investors, redistributive taxes, or a second asset.     

五四前后文学翻译对冰心早期创作的影响

五四前后的翻译高潮引起中国文学内部结构的变迁,改变了彼时作家的创作轨迹。冰心作为新文学第一代重要代表作家,有着强烈的传统文学气质,但时代涌动的翻译热潮又为她的创作提供了新的审视社会和自我的视角,五四时期文学翻译对冰心早期创作的思想观念、表现方法、语言应用等多方面的影响,使得冰心五四时期的创作呈现出新的风貌,成为研究翻译参与文学建构的上佳样本。     

4P 与4C 营销理论的比较研究

从营销组合的产生与发展以及理论和应用层面分析认为,4P 和4C 营销理论之间不存在谁取代谁的关系,它们产生于不同的营销环境,没有本质的矛盾。在此基础上提出应该根据具体的行业特征、市场竞争状况和产品所处的不同的生命周期阶段来对4P 和4C 进行组合运用。     

谈中国现代文学的起点问题

五四文学革命后,才出现了从文学观念到作家及作品的现代化品格的全面含蕴,因此以1917年作为中国现代文学史起点是适宜的。1917年之前其他时段对于中国现代文学诞生的重要意义,就在于为五四文学革命质的飞跃准备了量的积累。     

大学英语四、六级考试改革背景下英语听说教学新途径探

以大学英语四、六级考试改革为切入点,阐述了大学英语四、六级考试改革的新举措及其对大学英语听说教学的影响,分析了目前听说教学的现状,探讨了提高大学生英语听说能力的新教学途径。