Community involvement in land regularization for informal settlements in Tanzania: A strategy for enhancing security of tenure in residential neighborhoods

This paper documents and analyzes how landholders managed to uplift status of their neighborhood from hazard land as designated by the 1978 master plan to a regularized residential settlement through land regularization in Dar es Salaam city. Specifically, explores policy framework governing land regularization and how the local community explored the opportunities it offers. Documents the local community planning and land regularization processes undertaken focusing on land use planning, drainage construction, and cadastral survey and discuses how financial resources were raised, trust was built as well as factors which sustained community involvement towards meeting their interests of securing tenure. The paper also, draws challenges facing land regularization policy and recommends areas for further interventions commensurate with the human dimension challenges in securing tenure.Underlying community involvement, those aspects of community, which have been connected to the idea of social capital namely existence of committed leadership in land development matters, embracing mechanism for participatory decision making process and educational background to local leaders were particularly important in determining success for the case. Others include economic ability to contribute, high proportion of landholder settlers, land conflict task force formulation, local consensus to solve commonly felt problems, existence of strong community organization, and unwritten norms put in place to regulate individual behavior in building construction. Weak legal recognition of informal settlement, lengthy and bureaucratic procedures in planning and approval of regularization plans, weak knowledge on land management matters, short-term title deeds with low financial betterments, political popularity are identified critical challenges.Some of recommendations put forward include formalization of the grass-roots role in decision-making, decentralizing some of land development control functions to sub-ward leaders and training the same in basic land management matters. Others include definition of norms; by-laws and government facilitation of informal land parceling. Besides community support should be sought so as to create partnership in the promotion of security of tenure in informal areas. The study concludes that, unless land development activities ongoing in informal settlements are closely monitored and regulated as the settlement grow, it will be too costly socially and economically to retrofit once the settlement have identified.     

中国企业海外并购的特点及公共政策支持

中国企业对外并购的风潮刚刚拉开帷幕,要充分利用海外并购的机会,中国企业就必须制定明确的全球化战略并建立专业的并购能力。并购海外竞争对手是中国企业迅速占领海外市场并掌握技术专业知识的快速通道,但海外并购作为通向全球化运营的途径之一,却是最具挑战性的一种方式,这种并购成果绝非唾手可得,中国政府需要做的是更多地从政策支持角度去推进海外并购。     

在政治与日常生活之间——《创业史》与《从两个蛋开始》的对读比较研究

同样是对于建国后中国农村生活的表现,同样是陕西本土作家,但柳青的《创业史》却与杨争光的《从两个蛋开始》有着明显的区别:《创业史》的根本特征是日常生活的政治化,而《从两个蛋开始》的根本特征却是政治的日常生活化。     

资本结构研究的新发展:基于战略视角

从战略的角度看,企业的资本结构决策是基于公司战略、竞争战略以及企业所面临的竞争环境所作出的理性选择。把战略与资本结构连接,开辟了资本结构研究的新领域。企业的战略类型、企业管理者对风险的态度、企业所面临的竞争环境等战略因素对资本结构有着重要影响。     

太原市健身娱乐市场现状分析

以经济学和社会学理论为依据,运用问卷调查法,对太原市经营性体育健身休闲产业的经营规模、经营项目、设备档次和收费标准等进行了调查分析,揭示了健身娱乐市场的发展现状和存在问题,针对性地提出了对策,为太原市健身娱乐产业的发展提供了可靠参数。     

於梨华留学生文学创作心灵嬗变的轨迹

留学生文学鼻祖於梨华心灵嬗变的轨迹与留学生文学的形成、发展密切相关。她的心灵经历了"依附过美国而终于对美国失望,投奔台湾而终于与台湾离异,疑惧大陆而终于对新中国认同"的嬗变历程。因此作家笔下的留学生文学既抒写了"无根的一代"的苦闷与寂寞,再现了他们迷惑与彷徨的心境,又表达了对祖国大陆的认同、归依的情思和要写出硅谷新一代移民的新发展的理想。     

强化宪法监督 促进以法治国

加强宪法监督是为了保障宪法的有效实施,这是我国建设社会主义法治的重要途径.就建设法治国家道路上宪法所处的地位以及以法治国与宪法监督制度的相互关系等问题进行了探讨.     

《红楼梦》中“趋向动词＋来／去”结构

本文通过对<红楼梦>一书中合成趋向动词作补语这一结构形式的对比分析,试图发现该书中"谓语--补语1--宾语--补语2"这类结构,随着处置式的广泛运用,不仅在现代汉语中使用范围相对缩小了,不及<红楼梦>中运用普遍,且使用场合和分工也发生了一些变化.     

《汉语拼音方案》的制定、传播与应用

继承了我国传统的直音、反切等方法以及西方学者的拉丁字母式拼音方法，《汉语拼音方案》作为新中国文字改革的一大成果诞生了。从制定到推行与传播，《汉语拼音方案》在具体应用过程中产生了一些问题需要尽快得到解决，以便《汉语拼音方案》能够为构建和谐语言生活发挥更大的促进作用。     

科学发展观——中国特色社会主义建设的指导思想

科学发展观是国际社会发展观的合理内核与中国实践发展的有机结合，是马克思主义中国化的最新成果，是中国特色的发展观，它创造性地回答了为什么发展、为谁发展、怎样发展的重大问题，是解决中国政治经济社会发展中各种矛盾问题所必须遵循的基本原则，是推进中国特色社会主义建设事业的所必须长期坚持的指导思想。