Coordinating External Manufacturing of Product Modules*

Product modularization has changed gradually from mainly being a way to bring strategic flexibility into product design, to becoming a means to reach new suppliers in a globalized world. Use of external suppliers is facilitated by the “embedded coordination” brought by standardized module interfaces which reduce the interdependence between modules manufactured by different suppliers. However, the distance between design and manufacturing is increased by heavy reliance on suppliers, and requires coordination between design and manufacturing. Hence, this article aims to identify appropriate mechanisms to enable coordination of external manufacturing of product modules. The investigation is based on two case studies in one manufacturing company that has for long relied heavily on external suppliers. The case studies identify different means, coordination mechanisms, of handling the increased distance between design and manufacturing. In addition to organizational solutions, various intermediaries including especially the supply chain function act as bridges between design and manufacturing. The appropriate mechanism to use is decided by the character of the product and the degree of upgrading. We recommend openness to adaptation to situation dynamics rather than investment in optimizing the level of integration with a particular supplier.     

基于改进EMD 的地震信号去噪

压制随机噪声是地震数据处理过程中的一个重要环节,目前大多数去噪技术都不同程度存在去噪效果差、易损伤有效信号等问题。利用经验模态分解可将信号自适应地分解为不同特征尺度固有模态函数的优点,及小波变换模极大值滤波方法对噪声的依赖性较小且适合于低信噪比信号去噪的优势,构造了一种经验模态分解与小波变换模极大值相结合的新的去噪算法,该算法很好地实现了地震有效信号与随机噪声的分离,有效提高了地震数据信噪比。将该算法应用于仿真实验和实际地震数据处理,结果都表明该方法明显优于常规经验模态分解去噪效果。     

COMPOSITIONAL TIME SERIES ANALYSIS OF MORTALITY PROPORTIONS

Compositional time series are multivariate time series which at each time point are proportions that sum to a constant. Accurate inference for such series which occur in several disciplines such as geology, economics and ecology is important in practice. Usual multivariate statistical procedures ignore the inherent constrained nature of these observations as parts of a whole and may lead to inaccurate estimation and prediction. In this article, a regression model with vector autoregressive moving average (VARMA) errors is fit to the compositional time series after an additive log ratio (ALR) transformation. Inference is carried out in a hierarchical Bayesian framework using Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques. The approach is illustrated on compositional time series of mortality events in Los Angeles in order to investigate dependence of different categories of mortality on air quality.     

TESTING SUBHYPOTHESES AND ESTIMATING σ2 IN THE NONREPLICATED THREE-WAY MULTIPLICATIVE INTERACTION MODEL

ABSTRACT

Standard statistical techniques do not provide methods for analyzing data from nonreplicated factorial experiments. Such experiments occur for several reasons. Many experimenters may prefer conducting experiments having a large number of factor levels with no replications than conducting experiments with a few factor levels with replications particularly in pilot studies. Such experiments may allow one to identify factor combinations to be used in follow-up experiments. Another possibility is when the experimenter thinks that an experiment is replicated when in fact it is not. This occurs when a naive researcher believes that sub-samples are replicates when in reality they are not. Nonreplicated two-way experiments have been extensively studied. This paper discusses the analysis of nonreplicated three-way experiments. In particular, estimation of σ² is discussed and a test is derived for testing whether three-factor interaction is absent in sub-areas of three-way data using a nonreplicated three-way multiplicative interaction model with a single multiplicative term. Approximate null distribution of the derived test statistic is studied using Monte Carlo studies and results are illustrated through an example.     

舟山开展船舶工业竞争情报研究工作对策研究

开展船舶工业竞争情报研究工作是舟山船舶企业健康发展的需要。文章在分析舟山船舶企业现状的基础上，提出依托浙江海洋学院开展舟山船舶工业竞争情报研究工作的设想，并从实际操作上提出具体的对策。     

印度共产党（马克思主义）的社会主义理念研究

印度共产党（马克思主义）目前是印度最大的左翼政党.自1964年从印度共产党中分裂出来,它不断发展,积极参加联邦政府选举及地方选举,取得了一定的成绩.2012年4月,印度共产党（马克思主义）召开第20届党代表大会,通过了“关于一些思想认识问题”的议案和党的政治决议,对社会主义进行了一系列新的探索.     

虚词“者”字的句尾语气词用法及其形成过程

虚词“者”的一种常见用法，是用在疑问句、反问句或陈述句的句尾。这时“者”字属句尾语气词，它能与疑问代词相配合表示疑问、反问的语气；还能用在陈述句的句尾表示肯定确认的语气。这些用法都来源于能构成“者”字词组的“者”字，是结构助词“者”字进一步虚化的结果。     

Johansen和Juselius协整检验应注意的几个问题

Johansen和Juselius的似然比检验多变量协整关系的方法在实证分析中得到了广泛应用。在总结该方法的基础上,针对国内使用该方法存在比较混乱的状况指出了一些注意事项,譬如根据经济时间序列的数据生成过程选择确定性成分,检验临界值的使用以及协整关系个数的非唯一性等问题,还简要论述了阶数的确定、外生性与因果关系检验等问题,最后指出了该检验的一些不足。通过对上述问题的讨论,试图为实证研究人员在使用该方法时提供简单有效的指导性建议。     

退耕还林(草)政策下农村经济结构调整研究——以陕西省吴起县为例

退耕还林（草）是西部大开发战略实施中的生态恢复的重要内容。退耕还林（草）作为强制性的制度变迁，不仅对生态恢复具有重要影响，而且对区城经济发展具有良好作用。论文以陕北黄土高原地区的吴起县为倒，实证分析了退耕还林（草）政策能否达到预期目标，不仅取决于农业内部种植结构调整，而且还取决于以农业劳动力向其他产业转移为特点的农村经济结构的转型。对吴起的实证分析表明：退耕还林（草）政策实施后农业土地经营在向集约化和产业化转变，农村就业结构和收入结构也在发生变化，该地区正在逐渐摆脱单纯依赖种植业收入的格局。但是，这种变化尚在初级阶段，还很脆弱，今后仍需作进一步的调整。     

知识异质性、主管职能变迁与企业信息化建设

随着企业信息化建设向高级阶段推进，共享知识的异质性增强。文章阐述了信息化水平提高增强知识异质性的机理，并结合珠三角企业资源计划系统（ERP）实施人员的问卷调查与三家摩托车生产企业的案例，说明信息化主管职能设置应根据技术层面、技术综合层面和知识层面的整合情况进行。