B2C环境下影响消费者网上初始信任因素的实证分析

消费者对网站缺乏信任已经成为电子商务发展的一个主要障碍。如何采取有效措施来建立网民对网站的初始信任是当前亟待解决的问题。本文假设五个因素,即网站的有用性、网站的易用性、商家声誉、网站安全和消费者信任倾向会影响消费者对网站的初始信任的建立。同时,假定消费者的初始信任直接影响消费者网上购物的动机。通过采用SEM软件进行实证分析,证明了上述假设。     

北京市居民对核电的认知与接受意愿——基于日本核泄漏事故背景下的调查

本文采用结构方程模型分析了在日本福岛核电站核泄漏事故的背景下我国居民对核电的认知状况与接受意愿。结果显示,我国居民对核电相关知识了解水平较低,但关注度和兴趣都比较高;公众对核电的感知价值、感知风险和接受意愿也比较高。根据本文的分析,公众对核电的感知价值对其接受意愿有促进作用,提高感知价值的主要途径包括提高公众对核电的卷入程度和信任度;公众对核电的感知风险对其接受意愿具有显著的负向影响,降低感知风险的主要途径在于提高公众对核电的了解程度。     

Technology Acceptance Model 3 and a Research Agenda on Interventions

Prior research has provided valuable insights into how and why employees make a decision about the adoption and use of information technologies (ITs) in the workplace. From an organizational point of view, however, the more important issue is how managers make informed decisions about interventions that can lead to greater acceptance and effective utilization of IT. There is limited research in the IT implementation literature that deals with the role of interventions to aid such managerial decision making. Particularly, there is a need to understand how various interventions can influence the known determinants of IT adoption and use. To address this gap in the literature, we draw from the vast body of research on the technology acceptance model (TAM), particularly the work on the determinants of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use, and: (i) develop a comprehensive nomological network (integrated model) of the determinants of individual level (IT) adoption and use; (ii) empirically test the proposed integrated model; and (iii) present a research agenda focused on potential pre‐ and postimplementation interventions that can enhance employees' adoption and use of IT. Our findings and research agenda have important implications for managerial decision making on IT implementation in organizations.     

Critical acceptance values and sample sizes of a variables sampling plan for very low fraction of defectives

Acceptance sampling plans are practical tools for quality control applications, which involve quality contracting on product orders between the vendor and the buyer. Those sampling plans provide the vendor and the buyer rules for lot sentencing while meeting their preset requirements on product quality. In this paper, we introduce a variables sampling plan for unilateral processes based on the one-sided process capability indices _CPU$C_{\mathrm{PU}}$ (or _CPL)$C_{\mathrm{PL}})$, to deal with lot sentencing problem with very low fraction of defectives. The proposed new sampling plan is developed based on the exact sampling distribution rather than approximation. Practitioners can use the proposed sampling plan to determine accurate number of product items to be inspected and the corresponding critical acceptance value, to make reliable decisions. We also tabulate the required sample size n$n$ and the corresponding critical acceptance value _C0$C_0$ for various α$\alpha$-risks, β$\beta$-risks, and the levels of lot or process fraction of defectives that correspond to acceptable and rejecting quality levels.     

Lot acceptance and compliance testing based on the sample mean and minimum/maximum

A dual acceptance criterion in terms of the sample mean and an extremum (minimum or maximum) has been used in many inspection procedures in diverse industries. An approximation is given in Vangel (Technometrics, 2002, pp. 242-248) for the joint distribution of the sample mean and an extremum when the population is normally distributed. In this paper we obtain a simple expression that depends on the distribution of the sample mean and the truncated sample mean. This expression allows us to evaluate the joint distribution exactly, in two cases, or approximately, in more general cases, making the dual acceptance criterion easier to calculate in practice. We present a saddlepoint approximation for the joint tail probability, with the application to the dual acceptance criterion under the assumption of normality.     

Technology Use and Performance: A Field Study of Broker Workstations*

Organizations invest in technology with the expectation that it will contribute to performance, and members of the organization must use technology for it to make a contribution. For this reason, it is important for managers and designers to understand and predict system use. This paper develops a model of workstation use in a field setting where the use of the system is an integral part of the user's job. The model is based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), which we extended to include social norms, user performance, and two control variables. Brokers and sales assistants in the privateclient group of a major investment bank provided data to test our extended model. The core perception variables in TAM do not predict use in this study. Social norms and one's job requirements are more important in predicting use than workers' perceptions about ease of use and usefulness. The paper discusses the implications of these findings and suggests directions for future research.     

An Empirical Agent‐Based Model to Simulate the Adoption of Water Reuse Using the Social Amplification of Risk Framework

Water reuse can serve as a sustainable alternative water source for urban areas. However, the successful implementation of large‐scale water reuse projects depends on community acceptance. Because of the negative perceptions that are traditionally associated with reclaimed water, water reuse is often not considered in the development of urban water management plans. This study develops a simulation model for understanding community opinion dynamics surrounding the issue of water reuse, and how individual perceptions evolve within that context, which can help in the planning and decision‐making process. Based on the social amplification of risk framework, our agent‐based model simulates consumer perceptions, discussion patterns, and their adoption or rejection of water reuse. The model is based on the “risk publics” model, an empirical approach that uses the concept of belief clusters to explain the adoption of new technology. Each household is represented as an agent, and parameters that define their behavior and attributes are defined from survey data. Community‐level parameters—including social groups, relationships, and communication variables, also from survey data—are encoded to simulate the social processes that influence community opinion. The model demonstrates its capabilities to simulate opinion dynamics and consumer adoption of water reuse. In addition, based on empirical data, the model is applied to investigate water reuse behavior in different regions of the United States. Importantly, our results reveal that public opinion dynamics emerge differently based on membership in opinion clusters, frequency of discussion, and the structure of social networks.     

Acceptance sampling plan based on an exponentially weighted moving average statistic with the yield index for autocorrelation between polynomial profiles

Acceptance sampling plans based on process yield indices provide a proven resource for the lot-sentencing problem when the required fraction defective is very low. In this study, a new sampling plan based on the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) model with yield index for lot sentencing for autocorrelation between polynomial profiles is proposed. The advantage of the EWMA statistic is the accumulation of quality history from previous lots. In addition, the number of profiles required for lot sentencing is more economical than in the traditional single sampling plan. Considering the acceptable quality level (AQL) at the producer's risk and the lot tolerance percent defective (LTPD) at the consumer's risk, we proposed a new search algorithm to determine the optimal plan parameters. The plan parameters are tabulated for various combinations of the smoothing constant of the EWMA statistic, AQL, LTPD, and two risks. A comparison study and two numerical examples are provided to show the applicability of the proposed sampling plan.     

由现象所引发的思考1--从接受角度看中外四部小说中的情爱问题

在文学创作及其接受中，凡涉及性爱描写的作品，就会引起强烈的争议。这涉及性爱描写的限度与我们接受的心理适应程度，以四部小说为例，性爱文学的限度和可能性是由于基于伦理道德的差异性而构建的艺术世界，因而充满争议。性爱文学及其表现与人类的胸襟紧密相连，人类有多大胸襟就会有多大的性爱艺术境界，也有多大容纳这类作品的心理精神空间。     

Assurance test and its equivalent truncated sequential test

Abstract

In order to save more test cost, assurance test and its equivalent truncated sequential test are studied. In a commonly used case, the operating characteristic (OC) function and expected test time (ETT) function of an assurance test are derived in a concise way. Equivalent test and relative concepts are defined. The procedures to construct a near equivalent truncated sequential test of an assurance test are established. Computation studies show that the near equivalent truncated sequential tests proposed in this paper keep almost the same OC curves with the assurance tests respectively. However, they can save the ETTs dramatically. In fact, the results show that the near equivalent truncated sequential tests can save around 50% of ETTs than the assurance tests respectively.