资本错配会诱发全要素生产率损失吗

当前要素错配已成为发展中国家的普遍现象,但前沿文献更多关注劳动力错配而非资本错配对全要素生产率的影响。本文构建不完全市场条件下的多部门模型,以资本流动系数表征资本错配水平,结合中国1978-2010年八大产业面板数据定量测算资本错配对全要素生产率的影响。结果显示：资本配置效率整体对全要素生产率增长的作用为负,源于资本错配引发的资源配置效率损失对全要素生产率的影响突出,诱致全要素生产率下降2.6%。同时,资本错配使实际产出与潜在产出形成较大缺口,实际产出仅占潜在产出的70%-89%。这可能源于金融系统的垄断抑制资本自由流动,引致产业间资本出现较大程度的错配,造成全要素生产率和产出效率损失。     

我国土地资源高效配置的政策阻碍及改革建议

土地资源高效配置是我国经济社会可持续发展的重要保障.当前我国城镇化、工业化发展过程中,土地资源高效配置正面临土地政策目标不明确、政策主体闻关系不畅、政策工具应用不当、政策执行不力、政策监控与评估机制缺乏、配套政策不健全等阻碍,难以满足转变经济发展方式的时代需求.因此,今后我国应当以转变经济发展方式为统领,通过改革土地资源配置政策形成机制、建立多元化治理机制、创新土地管理机制和体制、转变土地利用与管理方式以及构建土地高效配置的政策保障体系,建立起促进区域协调、城乡统筹、产业优化和民生保障的土地政策体系,实现土地资源高效配置.     

水库移民研究述评

在现代化建设中,随着各项水利工程的建设,产生了大量的水库移民,水库移民问题处理是否妥当将直接关系到移民的生活安康水平及地区乃至国家的稳定。本文从水库移民性质、安置与补偿、社会冲突与整合、适应,以及社会保障五个方面对水库移民的已有研究进行了全面综述,并做了简要评述。     

盈余质量对资本配置效率的影响及作用机理

本文以2004-2007年沪深两市的上市公司为研究样本,在Richardson、verdi研究的基础上,对中国现实制度背景下盈余质量和资本配置效率两者的关系进行了探讨.不同于国内外的现有研究,本文不仅检验了盈余质量是否影响上市公司的资本配置效率,还对盈余质量如何影响上市公司资本配置效率进行了检验.检验结果表明,盈余质量的改善一方面能直接提高上市公司的资本配置效率,另一方面则能够通过降低代理成本间接促进上市公司资本配置效率的提高.这一研究结论对理解盈余质量在上市公司资本配置效率中的作用,以及了解盈余质量与上市公司资本配置效率之间的中介传导机制和路径模式均具有较强的现实意义.     

上海人口空间移动与公共管理和服务资源配置研究

上海常住人口密度呈“四级阶梯下降”态势,中心城区人口向周边区域扩散,少儿人口减少、老年人口增加,不同年龄结构人口居住空间出现分化,人户分离现象严重,外来常住人口呈现“市少郊多”和“西高东低”格局,境外人口空间集聚明显。上海人口空间移动,对教育、医疗、体育、文化、社会保障等社会公共资源配置产生重要影响。应根据上海人口空间移动和不同类型人群需求特征,坚持“以人为本、统筹规划、平衡发展、均等服务、持续发展、高效利用”的原则,创新工作思路,对公共资源配置进行合理规划,促进人口和社会事业协调发展。     

Retailer Transshipment versus Central Depot Allocation for Supply Network Design

We consider a supply chain structure with shipments from an external warehouse directly to retailers and compare two enhancement options: costly transshipment among retailers after demand has been realized vs. cost‐free allocation to the retailers from the development of a centralized depot. Stochastic programming models are developed for both the transshipment and allocation structures. We study the impact of cost parameters and demand coefficient of variation on both system structures. Our results show an increasing convex relationship between average costs and demand coefficient of variation, and furthermore that this increase is more pronounced for the allocation structure. We employ simulation and nonlinear search techniques to computationally compare the cost performance of allocation and transshipment structures under a wide range of system parameters such as demand uncertainty and correlation; lead times from the external warehouse to retailers, from warehouse to central depot, and from depot to retailers; and transshipment, holding, and penalty costs. The transshipment approach is found to outperform allocation for a broad range of parameter inputs including many situations for which transshipment is not an economically sound decision for a single period. The insights provided enable the manager to choose whether to invest in reducing lead times or demand uncertainty and assist in the selection of investments across identical and nonidentical retailers.     

Bipolar value-driven joint product costing

There exists a joint-cost allocation problem in the public sector, particularly highlighted by the cost-based national pricing of blood products in England, supposedly derived using volume-driven activity-based costing (ABC): an approach criticised by the implementation criteria propounded for ABC within the academic literature. In contrast, we believe that the contributions of quality-associated operations-based drivers, described within ABC, together with the net realisable value method, usually recommended as the optimal joint-cost allocation method, provide the beginnings of a solution. This paper sets out a methodological development from this platform that links allocation decisions with the issue of value. The bipolar nature of the model is based upon the combination of two types of allocation. One allocates joint costs according to the altered value of source material when competing non-joint alternative products exist. The other allocates joint costs according to product outcome values ascertained separately for the physical specification elements that comprise each of the range of joint products. The overall emphases are on academic context, model generalisation, the facilitation of cost-effective choices between joint products and non-joint alternatives, and possible future trends in the application of the method.     

论经济发展方式及其转变——理论、历史、现实

本文旨在从经济理论与经济发展的历史与现实的角度,对经济发展方式及其转变的问题进行初步的整理和分析.本文的分析结论表明,从资源配置视角来看,经济发展方式的基本内涵包括两个方面:一是资源利用效率的提高,二是资源配置效率的改善.经济发展方式的转变,必须通过深化改革,建立起有利于促进经济发展方式转变的体制和机制.     

Centralized resource allocation BCC models

In two recent papers, Lozano and Villa [Centralized resource allocation using data envelopment analysis. Journal of Productivity Analysis 2004;22:143–61. [1]] and Lozano et al. [Centralized target setting for regional recycling operations using DEA. OMEGA 2004;32:101–10. [2]] introduce the concept of “centralized” data envelopment analysis (DEA) models, which aim at optimizing the combined resource consumption by all units in an organization rather than considering the consumption by each unit separately. This is particularly relevant for situations where some variables are controlled by a central authority (e.g. Head Office) rather than individual unit managers. In this paper we reconsider one of the centralized models proposed by the above-mentioned authors and suggest modifying it to only consider adjustments of previously inefficient units. We show how this new model formulation relate to a standard DEA model, namely as the analysis of the mean inefficient point. We also provide a procedure that can be used to generate alternative optimal solutions, enabling a decision maker to search through alternate solution possibilities in order to select the preferred one. We then extend the model to incorporate non-transferable as well as strictly non-discretionary variables and illustrate the models using an empirical example of a public service organization.     

投票市场发展、资本要素积累与产业结构升级——基于中国A股市场的实证研究

首先从要素流动角度就股票市场对产业结构优化升级的推动作用提出相关假设，并从中观和微观上实证检验中国A股市场是否存在推动产业结构优化升级的作用机制。实证结果表明，股票市场规模的扩大有效推动了三次产业和工业产业的结构优化升级，市场流动性的高低对产业结构优化升级存在负向效应，而城市化进程的加快及垂直专业化程度的提高可以降低该种负向效应；战略性新兴产业上市公司经营绩效显著，并在创业板市场上最具成长性，而且行业内资本集中度越低、市场风险越高，越能激励行业内企业上市。据此，在扩大股票市场规模、增强市场流动性、上市资源选择、创业板市场建设等方面提出了相应的政策建议。