论美国族裔问题研究——理论综述与发展前瞻

一直以来,我国学术界主要从世界民族问题研究和美国国别问题研究两种视角出发,观察和分析美国复杂多变的族裔现象与族裔问题。通过回溯与梳理我国学者在上述两大领域中所取得的重要进展,我们认为,现阶段我国对美国族裔问题研究,仍需要从深度和广度拓展研究领域,尤为需要加强对美国族裔最新情况的追踪了解、调查美国形形色色的族裔社区个案以及开展深层次地分析美国的移民和族裔政策等工作。     

‘How I show up for Brown and Black students’: Asian American male mathematics teachers seeking solidarity

ABSTRACT

The ratio of Asian American teachers to Asian American students is the most disproportionate of all racial groups, where Asian American students are least likely to have an Asian American teacher. In addition, little research focuses on the experiences of Asian American teachers, particularly in connection with issues of racism. Using AsianCrit, internalized racism, and stereotype management, this study investigates how Asian American male mathematics teachers conceptualize their racial/ethnic and mathematics teacher identities given the prevalence of the Model Minority Myth. Using photovoice interviews, findings indicate that participants experienced internalized racism and engaged in stereotype management by distancing themselves from other Asian Americans, discussing their own difficulties in mathematics, and actively reaching out to form relationships with Black and Latinx students. We recommend supports for Asian American teachers and all teachers of color to build critical consciousness to reduce internalized racism and empower themselves and their students.     

Lethal Policing: Making Sense of American Exceptionalism

Thanks to the creation of a national database of police killings, the social distribution, causes, and consequences of police violence are finally amenable to analysis. This article focuses on why the rate of police killings in the United States towers over that in other industrialized nations. Elevated police lethality is deeply rooted in two distinctive aspects of American society and culture. Police violence is both a tool and product of strategies to maintain racial segregation and inequality. However, racism cannot explain the fact that police lethality is greatest in states where African Americans are least prevalent. Elevated police killings are also rooted in America's prevailing ideology (and mythology) of self‐reliance and limited government. Neoliberal ideology helped some politicians cut gaping holes in the social safety net, leaving ill‐equipped and fearful police officers to deal with desperate people who lack adequate treatment and support, yet who have easy access to weapons. It also limits the legislative and regulative authority that centralized policy actors exert over policing. Nevertheless, police overreliance on deadly force is increasingly understood as a national problem requiring large‐scale solutions.     

《草叶集》：美国人自己的诗

瓦尔特·惠特曼被公认为美国的“诗歌之父”。惠特曼时代,美国在文学、思想与意识形态上仍然依附于欧洲传统,深受维多利亚时代价值观的影响,但惠特曼却敢于向传统发出挑战,强调诗人要为自己的民族歌唱,他笔下的声音和景象都是美国的,他的表达这一切的语言也是美国的。惠特曼开创了新的诗风,他认为诗歌不在于形式化的格律,而是深层次的感情,强调情感的节奏,思想的韵律;他因此创造了一种具有惠特曼气质的诗歌形式。     

‘First things first,I'm the realest’: Linguistic appropriation,white privilege,and the hip‐hop persona of Iggy Azalea

The ‘hip‐hop nation’ is a multiethnic, transnational community that originates from and privileges urban African American experiences. Scholars have explored ways that non‐African Americans worldwide use linguistic features of African American English (AAE) as a way of constructing hip‐hop affiliated identities. The current paper ties these strands together in a study of the linguistic patterns of white Australian rapper Iggy Azalea, who makes use of AAE in her music, but not in other public speech. Our study presents a variationist analysis of copula absence in her lyrics. Findings show that her rates of this hallmark feature of AAE are extremely high, when compared to similar analyses of other rappers. We argue that her overzealous application of AAE features in her music, in order to create a specific linguistic style, enables a success that rests ultimately on the appropriation of African American language and culture, and the privilege that whiteness affords.     

菲利普·罗斯的文学创作:祛魅

祛魅是美国犹太作家菲利普·罗斯创作上的一个重要特征。罗斯通过描写犹太青年的反叛行为,揭示了犹太人心理层面上的祛魅,表达了犹太人对犹太传统的复杂情感。罗斯采用揭示、嘲讽、戏谑、颠覆、解构等作为其文学祛魅的方式;既祛犹太传统与犹太主流话语之魅,又祛美国主流文化价值之魅,是罗斯文学祛魅之特点;而还原人真实、本来的面目,实现人的彻底解放与自由,是罗斯文学祛魅之目的。罗斯的创作彰显了其人道主义精神实质。     

语言意识与国家利益：美国语言政策研究

美国语言政策是近年学界的研究热点之一。美国政府对待土著语言、官方语言和外语的态度和措施表明,盎格鲁—撒克逊民族强烈的语言意识和美国国家安全利益是影响或决定美国语言政策的主要因素。强烈的语言意识和民族优越感是美国主流文化的重要组成部分和主要特征。美国语言政策研究对我国语言政策的制定、实施与评估具有重要的参考价值。     

我国焦炭市场2010-2020年需求预测

我国是上焦炭生产和消费大国.未来时期我国焦炭供需矛盾十分突出,因此对焦炭市场需求进行科学预测,对政府完善焦炭政策以及制定未来焦炭发展战略具有重要的意义.运用三种定量方法对2010-2020年我国焦炭需求进行了预测.     

我国高校科技成果转化中的制约因素分析

通过对美国高校在技术转化中措施研究以及美国政府通过管理创新和建立风险投资机制的途径来推动高校科技成果转化的成功经验,提出我国高校科技成果转化过程中的制约因素,并从美国高校科技成果转化中得到启示,促进科技成果向现实生产力的快速转化,实现科技创新与社会经济发展的紧密结合和良性循环。     

中美工科教学比较研究

通过对北京理工大学和美国普渡大学在本科教学方面的教学管理、专业设置、教学计划等方面的分析和比较,探讨中美两国的办学特点,特别是在工科教学方面的不同方法与思路,以期为我国工科教学改革提供借鉴.