Australian women's experiences of living with gestational diabetes

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to describe Australian women's reflections on the experience of having a pregnancy affected by GDM.MethodsParticipants were women aged ≥18 years, diagnosed with GDM ≤3 years previously and registered with the National Diabetes Services Scheme. Data was collected from a cross-sectional written postal survey which included the opportunity for women to document their experiences of living with GDM. Thematic framework analysis was undertaken to determine underlying themes.ResultsOf 4098 invited eligible women, 1372 consented to participate. Of these, 393 provided feedback on their experiences of living with GDM. Eight key themes emerged from the data (1) shock, fear and anxiety (8.9%), (2) uncertainty and scepticism (9.4%), (3) an opportunity to improve one's health (9.6%), (4) adapting to life with GDM (11.6%), (5) the need for support (17.2%), (6) better awareness (3.5%), (7) abandoned (14.9%), (8) staying healthy and preventing diabetes (13.7%). Women taking insulin were more likely to experience shock, fear or anxiety (p = 0.001) and there was a trend towards women who spoke another language also being more likely to report this experience (p = 0.061). Those diagnosed with GDM in a previous pregnancy (p = 0.034) and younger women (p = 0.054) were less likely to view the diagnosis as an opportunity to improve their health.ConclusionsThis study provides an insight into the experience of the pregnant woman diagnosed with GDM. It emphasises the importance of health professional support and provides insight into the challenges and opportunities for future diabetes risk reduction.     

Fe_3O_4@SiO_2-TiO_2磁性介孔复合材料光催化降解亚甲基蓝的性能研究

染料废水处理是水污染治理中非常重要内容之一,针对染料废水带有极高的色度、可生化性差和含"三致"物等特点。本文采用水热法制备复合材料用于染料废水处理。通过XRD、TEM、SBET等表征手段证实制备材料为核-壳Fe3O4@SiO2-TiO2复合材料。将此材料用于染料废水处理,选用亚甲基蓝(Methylene Blue,简称MB)作为染料废水典型目标物,测定催化剂Ti:Si摩尔比、催化剂用量、染料溶液pH值和催化剂重复利用对染料废水降解效果影响。研究结果表明,染料废水浓度为14mg/L,双氧水用量为2mL,催化剂用量为2g/L,脱色90min时,溶液脱色率能达到98.6%。催化剂重复使用4次,其脱色效果仍然保持在90%左右。由此可见,用此方法制备的核-壳材料是比较有效且实用的一种染料废水处理非均相Fenton催化剂。     

JEEA‐FBBVA LECTURE 2013: THE NEW EMPIRICAL ECONOMICS OF MANAGEMENT

Over the last decade the World Management Survey (WMS) has collected firm‐level management practices data across multiple sectors and countries. We developed the survey to try to explain the large and persistent total factor productivity (TFP) differences across firms and countries. This review paper discusses what has been learned empirically and theoretically from the WMS and other recent work on management practices. Our preliminary results suggest that about a quarter of cross‐country and within‐country TFP gaps can be accounted for by management practices. Management seems to matter both qualitatively and quantitatively for performance at the level of the firm and the nation. Competition, governance, human capital, and informational frictions help account for the variation in management. We make some suggestions for both policy and future research.     

几种2—噻唑酮的杀菌效果比较

本文报道三个2－噻唑酮的化合物的杀菌效果。试验结果表明：个新的化合物（N－羟甲基－2－噻唑啉酮和N－羟甲基－2－噻唑硫酮）具有杀菌作用。     

“小说”考辩

“小说”一词在《庄子》中首先出现，后为《汉书·艺文志》借用而成为诸子十家之一。“小说”一词的原始含义本来鲁迅先生早有定论，然而近些年又有学者提出异议。《庄子》与《汉志》中“小说”的含义有同有不同，均非指虚构性故事。但《汉志》“小说”所表现出来的某些文体特征，为后世虚构小说的发展提供了基础。     

An evaluation of the Tokyo Round trade agreement using general equilibrium computational methods

An empirically based general equilibrium model involving the United States, Japan, the (nine-member) EEC, and a residual rest of the world is used to evaluate the Tokyo Round trade agreement negotiated under the GATT. Equilibria for post-Agreement policy regimes are computed and compared to a pre-Agreement equilibrium. Results indicate small aggregate welfare impacts but more significant terms of trade effects. Losses seem likely for Third World countries due to an adverse terms of trade change. Under some assumptions the changes in NTB codes produce more significant effects than the tariff cuts in the Agreement.     

Multilateralism under threat: Causes,impact, and the policy debate on government intervention in trade

Several forces fostered trade liberalization since the end of World War II. Production and trade interacted quite favorably during the period. In the past quarter century real income in the OECD economies grew at almost 4% yearly, while the volume of export increased by almost 7 percent. However, in the first half of the 1980s, the chemistry of the situation seems to have changed as protectionist tendencies developed almost everywhere in the world. The very same multilateral nature of the world trading system is under threat, as illiberal discriminatory practices are being implemented bilaterally and, even more often, unilaterally. What are the forces at play to increase the pressure towards government intervention in trade? The paper reviews (i) macroeconomic issues and policy situations, as well as (ii) structural issues concerning the working of the economic systems of industrial countries. The pressure for trade intervention in the U.S. is addressed separately with respect to Europe, given the structural and cyclical differences between the two economies The case of Japan is dealt with with reference to the alleged interrelation between Japan's international competitiveness and its macroeconomic policies. Matters of more direct concern to the LDCs are covered at the end of the paper, with emphasis placed on the restructuring process under way in response to, and as a consequence of, the external debt. The paper ends with a recommendation to all countries to make efforts to preserve and strengthen the multilateral and liberal foundations of the international trading system.     

要素分配论及马克思的否定

按生产要素分配个人收入是市场经济的分配原则,西方经济学家斯密、萨伊、马歇尔等都论及按生产要素分配。马克思也曾分析过生产要素范畴。当今,人们对生产要素范畴有了更宽广的认识。在市场经济条件下,按生产要素分配是必然的。马克思作为无产阶级革命家,根据自己的研究任务和理论体系的内在逻辑,否定了要素分配论。     

几种有机染料的痕量分析及其在金属表面上的吸附行为

化学还源法在石英玻璃片上沉积表面增强拉曼散射（Surface Enbanced Raman Scattering简称SERS）活性银膜，测得了直接吸附在该活性银膜上的有机液度样仍可得到明确的光谱信息；最低检出极限达到1．0×10^-10mol/L，通过浓度与强度之间关系的研究探讨了用SERS方法进行此类分子定量分析的可行性，并就此类分子在银膜上的吸附行为进行了详尽的讨论。