Nutrition of the elderly: Interactions with physical activity

Elderly subjects have a lower energy requirement compared to young adults as a result of lower physical activity and a lower basal metabolic rate. A lower energy intake in the elderly could lead to undesirable low intakes of essential nutrients. The reduction of the energy turnover is caused by, or a consequence of, a decrease in active cell mass. Thus, the effect of exercise training on habitual activity across age ranges, and age-related changes in body composition in relation to habitual activity level, are investigated here. The focus is on data on physical activity and body composition obtained with doubly labelled water. The results suggest that exercise training does not affect energy requirement in the elderly and the age-related decrease in fat-free mass is not delayed in subjects with a relatively high habitual activity level. Beneficial effects of exercise training in the elderly are endurance, flexibility, range of motion and balance control, all contributing to a delay in the age-induced impairment of personal mobility. Energy intake will inevitably go down as a result of a reduction of the energy requirement. Thus, the nutrition of elderly subjects needs more attention with regard to the essential nutrients than the nutrition of younger adults.     

Meeting in the Global Workplace: Air Travel,Telepresence and the Body

Abstract

In the highly connected and globalised corporate workplace, face-to-face communication is persisting and expanding, despite significant advances and investments in telecommunication. Drawing on interviews with 34 employees from an Australian company trying to reduce air travel associated with business meetings, this paper reveals how telepresence facilitates distinctly different practices of meeting and collaborating to those enabled by face-to-face encounters. The analysis draws attention to the essential role of the body in the practices of virtual and in-person business meetings. During in-person meetings the body’s physical presence conveys meanings of respect and value, provides sensorial competency and gestures, and enables physical mobility as it carries people between and within different material environments. The paper concludes by identifying some possibilities for telepresence meetings to replicate and replace in-person meetings as a normal and effective way of collaborating in the global workplace.     

Keeping Your Eye on the Process: Body Image,Older Women,and Countertransference

Research on body image and older women has grown in the past decade. However, there is a gap in the literature regarding body image, older women, and countertransference. This article provides 7 case examples of racially and ethnically diverse women over 60, drawn from MSW student and agency staff supervision, and participant feedback from a national conference on aging workshop. Themes related to loss and grief, adult daughter and aging mother issues, incest, anger, disability, personality disorders, phobic reactions, and shame are discussed. Recommendations and implications for social work practice, education and research are provided.     

Eating habits and physical activity in dieter and non-dieter youth: A gender analysis of English and Spanish adolescents

A high prevalence of youth is overweight or obese, and a frequent lack of monitoring of their weight control strategies is observed. Consequently, this paper compares the eating habits and physical activities of male and female dieters and non-dieters. Data are obtained from the large cross-national WHO collaborative study “Health Behavior in School-aged Children 2010”. The current sample consists of 9,444 students aged 11, 13 and 15 years from England and Spain. Participants are asked about dieting, vigorous and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, breakfast frequency and fruit, vegetable, sweet and soft drink consumption. A logistic regression is used to examine the differences between dieters and non-dieters with regard to the aforementioned eating and physical activity habits. Differences between genders, countries, and those associated with BMI (body mass index) are also considered. The results suggest that the reality of weight control differs from the major health promotion recommendations during adolescence.     

福柯的身体理论与女性主义

在传统哲学中,身体一直是不被关注的他者,一个不能表达的沉默者,一个空洞的符号。从尼采到福柯,身体被拯救了出来,地位凸显。福柯的身体理论,诠释了身体备受摧残与压抑的历史,从古典时期的肉体惩罚到现代的灵魂惩罚,让我们看到了知识与权力合谋对身体的规训。女性主义者深受福柯身体理论的启发,开始关注被操纵、控制、压抑的女性身体。在现代消费语境下,女性身体成为被看的对象、商品化的观赏物,运用女性主义视角分析女性在当下的处境,提高女性意识是很必要的,女性主义任重而道远。     

新疆协商民主发展的价值基础在于一体与多元的共存

新疆协商民主发展必须建立在正确的价值基础之上,必须体现各民族共同当家作主,必须有利于国家的统一和社会的稳定。因此,新疆协商民主发展必须坚持一体与多元共存的价值基础,坚持人民民主的国家性质和中国共产党的领导,反对“三股势力”的渗透,在尊重多元文化前提下培养少数民族的国家认同意识、公民意识和协商意识。     

论中国古代绘画“形”“神”兼重的思想

中国古代绘画"形""神"兼重的思想可分为三个阶段:汉朝时期为"形""神"兼重绘画思想的提出时期,魏晋南北朝时期为"形""神"兼重绘画思想的发展时期,唐朝时期为"形""神"兼重绘画思想的深化时期。     

考虑油膜结合面的机床动态特性分析

考虑油膜结合面特性的机床主运动板的动态特性分析,对油膜的刚度分布情况作了3种假设,将假设得到的机床动态特性与不考虑油膜的特性进行比较,并用实验测试数据进行验证正确性。结果表明考虑油膜即结合面的特性对模态分析结果产生不可忽略的影响,其影响效果从第5阶模态振型开始表现明显;油膜刚度成分布幂函数最接近实验测试结果,因此可以看做油膜工作状态下分布的简化函数。     

A 14-h night-shift in the control room of a fire brigade

Abstract

All 29 operators in the control room of a fire brigade performed test sessions during work and leisure time at 2-h intervals on a day with a 14-h night-shift, a day off and a day with a 10-h morning shift. The test sessions consisted of a visual search choice reaction time test and two Sternberg memory search tests (1 or 5 letters had to be memorized). Furthermore, the operators recorded their oral temperature and their subjective alertness before each test session. The subject also kept a diary of work and sleep times for 14 days. The circadian rhythm of body temperature was hardly changed by a single night-shift. Parallel to the body temperature, the subjective alertness fell significantly during the night-shift reaching a minimum value at 06:00 h. The mean reaction times increased non-significantly at the end of the night-shift and the results of the two Sternberg memory search tests showed no significant trends. The sleep of the operators after the night-shift was on average reduced to 5 hs 34 min. The results of subjective rating of alertness and reaction time test are interpreted as effects of the combined influences of circadian rhythmicity, sleep loss and time on professional task. Most results support the conclusion that a 14-h night-shift without extensive breaks is not acceptable.     

唐崖土司王城建筑石刻的造“形”与造“势”

唐崖土司王城,城址环境优美,建筑石刻工艺精湛,具有较高的学术研究价值和现实研究意义。从实地考察入手,以环境艺术的眼光,用立体的观察方法,把土司王城的建筑石刻置于特定的时态和生态环境中,可以看到其遣“形”和造“势”的表达方式及创作理念,具有一定的审美特征和文化意义。